evolution
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EVOLUTION. Movement of our Continents. 1.) CLIMATE 2.) Species can move-Adaptation 3.) Natural Disasters-Mass Extinction Leads to the theory of evolution! Speciation= new species-members are isolated and adapted, so they can no longer produce offspring. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EVOLUTION
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Movement of our Continents1.) CLIMATE2.) Species can move-Adaptation3.) Natural Disasters-Mass Extinction
Leads to the theory of evolution!Speciation= new species-members are isolated and adapted, so they can no longer produce offspring.
Geographical Isolation Reproductive Isolation
http://news.discovery.com/dinosaurs/frilly-horned-dinosaur-utah.html
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Evolutionary Convergence- describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages
Evolutionary Divergence-is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species, usually a result of diffusion of the same species adapting to different environments, leading to natural selection defining the success of specific mutations.
Microevolution VS. Macroevolution
Analogous -similar in features and function-not in structure (wings: bird vs. insect)Homologous-two anatomical or behavior which originated from a structure of a common ancestor .
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NATURAL SELECTION VS. ARTIFICAL SELECTIONbetter survival traits will become Human perferred Traits more prevalant in future populations. 1.) Genetic Engineering1.) Genetic Variablity 2.) Recombinant DNA2.) Heritable GMO’s/Transgenic 3.) Differential Reproduction
- CO-EVOLUTION- Hybridization
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Genetic DriftLeads to the change in allele frequencies
Genotypes/Phenotypes/Gene PoolHardy–Weinberg law : states that both allele
and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant—that is, they are in equilibrium—from generation to generation unless specific disturbing influences are introduced. Non-random matingMutationsLimited population sizeRandom Genetic Drift (migration/emigration)
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Species Richness
Shannon Index-species equation
used to indicate the number of
species and the evenness of space
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Peppered Moth-Pre industrial revolution (white) Post (black)
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Adapt, Migrate, or Extinction!About 99.9% of all species are extinctEndemic Species-found in one area
Background Extinction: Disappearance ata low rate
Mass Extinction (Depletion): Catastrophe
*Speciation-Extinction=Biodiverstiy
Holocene Extinction-HumansHIPPO
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Adf
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