evolution and diversity plants
DESCRIPTION
Evolution & Plant DiversityTRANSCRIPT
Intro to Evolution and Diversity of Life
PLANTS
Classification Taxonomy
– Branch of zoology and botany that is concerned with classifying and naming
– Organisms are organized into related and unrelated groups
Classification Why?
– There are a vast array of different kinds of plants and animals
– Assign universally-recognized names– Organize into related groups– Organize on the basis of evolutionary and
genetic relationships
5 Kingdoms:
PlantsAnimalsProtistaMoneraFungi
Cells came First
Prokaryotic Cells: Cells without a Nuclei
Eukaryotic Cells: Cells with a Nuclei
Kingdoms-Monera Prokaryotic, unicellular
– Archaea Mostly unicellular, microscopic
organisms living habitats that have high temperatures or high salt levels
– Bacteria Mostly unicellular microscopic
organisms that include both beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria, like Streptococcus
Kingdoms-Protista Eukaryotic, unicellular
– Protists Mostly aquatic, single-celled
organisms Euglena, Paramecium, Amoebas
and Diatoms Pond Life
5 Kingdoms:
Fungi Plants
AnimalsProtistaMonera
Kingdom-Fungi
Fungi Molds Mushrooms Smuts Yeasts
Multi-cellular Eukaryotes that form Spores
Kingdom Animal
HorseCats Insects
Multi-cellular Eukaryotic Animals
Kingdom-PlantsMulti-cellular Eukaryotic Plants
Mesquite Tree Creosote Bush Carrots Lilies Prickly Pear Wheat Rice
Plant Kingdom Examples of Divisions in the Plant Kingdom:
– Bryophyta Moss
– Pinophyta (Gymnosperms) Pines
– Magnoliphyta (Angiosperms) Orange tree, rose bush Seed producing plants with true flowers
Classes Each Division can be separated into
Classes:– Magnoliophyta Division
Magnoliopsida (dicots)
Liliopsida (monocots)
Using the Taxonomy Guide for Identification
KingdomKingdomDivisionDivisionClassClassOrderOrderFamilyFamilyGenusGenusSpeciesSpecies
PlantaePlantae MagnolophytaMagnolophyta LiliopsidaLiliopsida LilialesLiliales LiliaceaeLiliaceae
AlliumAllium Allium cepa Allium cepa L.L.
Answer: Egyptian onion
Naming and Classifying Plants
Over 250,000 different kinds of plants
Communicating about plants required a method of naming and classifying
The Plant Man Carolus Linnaeus (1732)
– Devised system for categorizing plants
– Led to modern system of plant taxonomy
– Published Species Plantarum in 1753.
Binomial System of Classification
Each plant has a 2-word (binomial) name given in Latin– First refers to plant’s genus– Seconds refers to plant’s species– Latin name understood internationally
Genus and species are italicized– Homo sapiens =human
Binomial System of Classification
Two words First word is genus (capitalize) Second word is species (underline) Or put both words in italics Example: Homo sapiens=human
Binomial Names
Common Name:– Southern Magnolia
Latin Binomial Name:– Magnolia grandiflora
Binomial Names
Common Name:– Saguaro
Latin Binomial Name:– Carnegiea gigantea
What is a species? A group of individuals capable of
interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.
Diversity of Life Biologists have identified
about 1.5 million species including
These are just the species that have been identified!
Biologists estimate that there are anywhere from 5 to 30 million species and there are thousands of newly identified species added yearly.