Evolution and Genetics

Genes are found on

chromosomes

The process that produces sex cells is

meiosis

The passing of traits from parents to offspring is

heredity

Two forms of the same gene are known as

alleles

The set of instructions for each characteristic donated by the parent to the offspring is called

genes

The organism’s appearance is known as its

phenotype

____ used plants to study the way traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Mendel

The trait that seems to recede in the background in first-generation offspring is the

recessive trait

Humans produce sex cells through a process called

meiosis

These may be dominant or recessive.

alleles

____ proposed that genes are located on chromosomes.

Sutton

A gene is

set of instructions, instructions on how to make a protein, a portion of a strand of DNA

DNA

has a structure like a twisted ladder

In incomplete dominance,

each allele for a trait has its own degree of influence

Chemist Rosalind Franklin was able to ____ using X-ray diffraction.

create images of DNA molecules

The images that Rosalind Franklin created suggested that DNA has a(n) ____ shape.

spiral

A red snapdragon flower crossing with a white snapdragon flower and producing a pink snapdragon flower is an example of

incomplete dominance

• The color of your eyes is an example of

how many genes can influence one trait

A mutation in DNA could result in

a genetic disorder, death, no change at all

The theory of evolution combines the principles of

natural selection and genetic inheritance

Individuals in a population that have traits or abilities that give them a competitive advantage over other population members are more likely to survive and reproduce.

This principle is called

natural selection The theory of evolution can be explained in

part by changes in an organism's DNA known as

mutations

Structures and behaviors for finding food, protection, and for moving from place to place are an organism's ____ to its environment.

adaptations

Antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms that cause diseases, such as tuberculosis, are increasing in number due to

natural selection

What process accounts for the diversity of life on Earth?

biological evolution

Diversity of life has developed on Earth

gradually over many years

What is the basic unit of life?

the cell

Multi-cellular organisms grow larger because

they have more cells

What process in multi-cellular organisms allows for cell specialization?

differentiation

The visible traits of an organism.

phenotype

What cell process results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells?

mitosis

In asexual reproduction, offspring receive how much of their DNA from the parent(s)?

100%

In sexual reproduction, offspring receive how much of their DNA from the parent(s)?

50%

Coiled structures of DNA and protein make up the_________.

chromosomes

What structure carries the instructions for cell processes?

chromosome

What are segments of DNA on the chromosomes called?

genes

How many copies of a gene are generally found in a cell?

two

Copies of the same gene in a cell are called what?

alleles

Characteristics that can be transferred from one generation to another are called________.

traits

Evolution happens at what level?

population

Changes in the genetic make-up of an organism is called_________.

mutation In order for a species to survive that

species must eat, survive and__________.

reproduce at a rate greater than the death rate

In order for an "advantage" to be passed on to the next generation it must be_________.

genetically based

Plant and animal cells contain how many genes?

thousands

Inherited traits are determined by_________.

one or more genes The genetic material of living organisms is

located on what structure of the cell?

chromosome

What compound is the genetic material of living organisms?

deoxyribonucleic acid

When coding for characteristics of an organism, the two copies of a gene are _____.

identical, dominant, or recessive