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Jean-Louis Pairon ([email protected])
Evolution in the LNG Receiving facilities
From Onshore to
FSRU and small scale
GDF SUEZ Energy International
Date: 09-06-2013
Until beginning of the years 2000, all the terminal were build onshore. Tendency to increase the size of the facilities to reduce the regas unitary rate.
Such concept was supported by the regulated gas market or by the large capacity of the target market (US)
Evolution in the LNG receiving facilities
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LNG Receiving Onshore Terminal
Investment cost estimate
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LNG Receiving Onshore Terminal
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As from 2005, considering the difficulty to find adequate site to develop onshore facilities and the difficulties to obtain the permits, idea to transfer the facilities offshore
In addition, energy market also changed with the deregulation and arrival of new (smaller) potential clients pushing the industry to develop new concepts:
Floating Facilities (FSRU)
Small scale LNG chain
in order to reduce the costs and increase the flexibility
Evolution in the LNG receiving facilities
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• First projects:
• Gulf of Mexico (Energy Bridge - Excelerate with Exmar)
• Bay of Massachusetts (Neptune SRV: Engie with Hoegh LNG, Excelerate Energy Bridge)
• Mooring of the ship done using offshore buoy (APL system). Proven
technology in the oil industry
• No LNG unloading in open sea; the vessel goes back to the loading port
to be reloaded
Off shore Terminal – Initial concept
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Put these regas vessels alongside a jetty to answer to peak demand (temporary solution to cover additional winter demand, bridge solution, ..)
Installation of a gas send-out line near the LNG manifold
First application: Teeside GasPort (started operation 2007, decommissioned in 2015)
Ready to start operation within 18 month from site selection, using an existing jetty
Same concept applied afterwards in Argentina (Bahia Blanca, Escobar)
Concept evolution
From offshore to nearshore
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Linked to uncertainty of future demand, FSRU may offer a flexible terminaling solution as applied in Brazil(possibility to relocate the FSRU)
Concept evolutionFrom offshore to nearshore – Usage as (semi)permanent facility
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Concept evolution – FSRU as permanent
terminaling solution (Uruguay LNG)
BOOT for 15 years for the infrastructure and20 years for the FSRU
Project offshore (~3 km) with breakwater
Project requirement of large storage capacity. Initial concept: 1 FSRU of 170,000 m3 + 1 FSUProposed solution: FSRU Max of 262,000 m3 storage capacity
Unloading via a jetty; possibility to reload medium size LNG vessel
Secondary jetty for small scale LNG
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2 options for FSRU: converted vessel or new build
Majority of FSRU are new build
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Several possible technologies:
Internal or External Turret Mooring System (Buoy)Type depends of water depth, ship equipment, …
Spread mooring
Jetty, connected or not to the shore
Selection between these different options depends on site condition and FSRU characteristics
FSRU Mooring Technologies
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FSRU: LNG Transfer
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Close loop (heat coming from steam produced on board) or Open loop (using sea water for heat input)or mixed vaporization system
With our without an intermediate fluid (propane, glycol, …)
Selection depends on environmental constrains and sea conditions (temperature, turbidity, …)
Majority of the new FSRU are equipped with open loop, complementary with some heaters to cover low sea water temperature
FSRU: Vaporization system
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Contract duration For existing ships (3 to … 10 years)
For new build: 20 + 5 years (without dry docking for 20 years)
Pricing Capex part: between 95,000 and 130,000 USD/day
(depending of vessel type, contract duration and market conditions; could be even lower in some conditions)
Opex part: between 20,000 and 25,000 USD/day (without fuel consumption)
Fuel consumption could vary from 50T/d up to around 200T/d depending of propulsion type and vaporization type
FSRU: Pricing elements
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Around 45% of regas projects worldwide are FSRU projects
For terminal up to 5 Mtpa and a storage capacity of 170,000 m3, FSRU solution can be up to 30 to 40% cheaper
Concept is even envisaged for liquefaction projects
FSRU: Comparison with onshore solutions
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Large part of the costs (and nearly independent of the send-out) are the costs associated with the unloading and the storage facilities
Optimization to get between reduced transportation costs (increasing the size of the vessels) and costs of the receiving facilities (jetty and tank linked to the size of the supply vessel)
New tendency: development of satellite plants (small scale LNG facilities). Small scale LNG may also be used for stranded assets
An other way to reduce the costs:
Reduce the size of the facilities
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Small scale LNG represents today a market of 20 mtpa (in addition of the 300 mtpa for large facilities) with more than 100 facilities; with an additional 10 mtpa by 2020.
Most growth in China
Used to deliver gas to remote area (not connected to the transportation grid) or when gas is used as transportation fuel (ECA area – Scandinavian countries)
Small scale LNG
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Typical small scale LNG chain
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LNG market is evolving fast:
From virtual pipeline to spot trade
From large to small facilities
From long term to short term contract
Recent evolution:
Floating facilities
Small scale
Conclusion
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Questions
Thanks