Taxonomy

System of classification

Carl Linnaeus

Swedish scientist 1707-1778

Developed a system of classifying animals called Binomial Nomenclature

• 2 names

Classification

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Any sayings you can think of to remember that?

King

Phillip

Came

Over

For

Great

Sex

Human Taxonomy

Animal

Chordate

Mammal

Primate

Hominid

Homo

sapien

Evolution:What’s all the fuss about?

Terms and Ideas you need to know.

Understanding Evolution

Evolution is the process of change in species over time.

A species is a distinct kind of animal…

Evidence of Evolution

Some evidence of evolution are homologies and vestigial organs

Homologies are structural likenesses between parts of different organisms.

• Examples: arm = flipper = wing.

Vestigial organs are any part of an organism that no longer serves a useful function.

• Example: human appendix

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829)

First to use the term Biology as we use it today.

Early, first, proponent of evolution.

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)Charles Darwin

English scientist advanced the theory of evolutionProposed natural selection.

Conducted his primary research on the Galapagos Islands.

What is this idea called Natural Selection?

Certain physical traits help animals survive eventually become the dominant trait

The better “fit” species lives longer and passes their helpful physical traits on to offspring

Thus the struggle for existence results in the “survival of the fittest”

WHAT IS BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION?

Change in a species over time.

What can trigger these changes?

Mutations

Random Genetic Drift

Gene Flow

Mutations

A sudden change in the make-up of the gene or chromosome that brings a new trait into existence.

Can be helpful or harmful.

Very rare to actually help a species

Random Genetic Drift

When a group passes on it’s genetic code to the next generation not all genes are passed on…

More genetic combinations than offspring...not all genes are passed on

Gene Flow

The transfer of hereditary characteristics from one breeding group to another.

Within PopulationAcross Population