evolution- laila bangwar & lujane pagganwala
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evolution
BIOLOGY PRESENTATIONDONE BY: LAILA BANGWAR &
LUJANE PAGGANWALA
![Page 2: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Evolution
“Defined as a process of Cumulative change in the Heritable characteristics of a population.”
![Page 3: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Evidence for evolution by Fossil records
• There are several ways of proving evolution through the process of natural selection.
• Fossil records are one of the ways.
![Page 5: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Artificial Selection
• Another way to prove evolution is by artificial selection.
• What is artificial selection?
![Page 7: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Homologous anatomical structures
• Homologous anatomical structures is another way that evolution is proven
• What is Homologous anatomical structures?
![Page 9: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Over-production of offspring
• Many times populations over produce offspring, more then what the environment can handle or support.
• Some organisms which do so are:-Plants-Mushrooms-Fish
![Page 11: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Why the environment cannot support the over production of off springs
• The environment cannot support all the offspring due to lack of availability of water and other nutrients in order for the offspring to survive.
![Page 13: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Consequences of over-production
• The result of overproduction causes a competition between the organisms in order to survive. Also known as the struggle of survival.
• It could be explained as survival of the fittest, as Charles Darwin himself referred it, though it is much more complicated then just that.
![Page 14: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Variation
• Some members of a species show variation.• Usually those who sexually reproduce, show
more variation
![Page 15: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Natural selection
• Charles Darwin’s most famous theory.• What is natural selection?• Steps involved in evolution by natural selection:-overproduction of offspring-Variation in offspring, both harmful and beneficial-environmentally adapted genetic characteristics-Passing on of favorable genetic characteristics-All this accumulates to result in evolution.
![Page 17: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Examples of evolution-in response to environmental change
• Evolution usually is a time consuming process, but sometimes natural selection may take place quicker, in months or decades, instead of a million years.
• Two examples of natural selection could be:- Antibiotic resistance in bacteria- Pesticide resistance in rats
![Page 18: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
• Antibiotics are basically medications which kill bacteria.
• In certain conditions, some bacteria may become resistant to the antibiotic.
• This takes place due to two reasons which are:-Mutations-Plasmid transfer
![Page 19: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Pesticide resistance in rats
• Pesticides are those chemicals which are used to kill organisms that are pests such as rats.
• Just like how bacteria become resistant to some antibiotics, pests (in this case, rats) become resistant to pesticides, in some conditions.
![Page 21: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Evolution
![Page 23: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Bibliography
• Charles Darwin & Evolution. (n.d.). Charles Darwin & Evolution. Retrieved August 14, 2014, from http://darwin200.christs.cam.ac.uk/pages/index.php?page_id=d3
• Introduction to Evolution. (n.d.). Vimeo. Retrieved August 17, 2014, from http://vimeo.com/19451460
• Ward, W., & Damon, A. (2007). Pearson baccalaureate: higher level (plus standard level options) : biology developed specifically for the ib diploma. Harlow, [England: Pearson Education.
![Page 24: Evolution- Laila Bangwar & Lujane Pagganwala](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062406/55cc794ebb61eb2b3d8b4747/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THE END.