evolution of ?
DESCRIPTION
?TRANSCRIPT
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EVOLUTIONOF THE PHILIPPINE FLAG
THE BONIFACIO FLAGThis flag was first used at the Cry of Pugadlawin
which took place on August 23, 1986. Seven days later, the same emblem was
used in the Battle of Pinaglabanan in San Juan del Monte.
THE KATIPUNAN FLAGS
Had several versions of the flag used by different chapters during its secret meetings.
LLANERA'S FLAGThe flag used by Marciano Llanera in San Isisdro, Nueva Ecija
was sometimes called "Bungo ng Llanera". (Llanera's skull). According to stories Llanera derived his design from Katipunan initiation rite using black hat, white triangle and letters Z, Ll, B.
PIO DEL PILAR'S FLAGFirst used on July 11, 1985 and stood witness to many battles. Also called the Bandila ng Magtagumpay. (Victorious Flag).
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GREGORIO DEL PILAR'S FLAGThe first among the Katipunan flags to use three colors: red, blue, and black. According to del Pilar the design
was patterned after the Cuban flag, then in revolt against Spanish.
MAGDIWANG FLAGThis was Emilio Aguinaldo's flag up to the time
the Pack of Biyak na Bato was signed. The Katipuneros of Cavite used this flag.
INDEPENDENCE DAY FLAGDuring his exile in Hongkong, Emilio Aguinaldo requested
Marcela Agoncillo to sew this flag. She was assisted by her daughter Lorenza and Delfina Herbosa de Natividad in the task.
This flag was first hoisted during the proclamation of Philippine Independence at Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1964.
Its last public displaw was the death of Emilio Aguinaldo in 1964.
THE PRESENT FLAGManuel Luis Quezon issued Executive Order on March 25, 1936
to set the standard size and colors.
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NATIONAL MOTTO"Maka-Diyos, Maka-Tao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa" ("For God, People, Nature, and Country")
PHILIPPINES' NATIONAL FLAG
The national flag of the Philippines(Tagalog: Pambansang Watawat ng Pilipinas)
is a horizontal flag bicolor with equal bands of royal blue and scarlet red,and with a white equilateral triangle at the hoist;in the center of the triangle is a golden yellow sun
with eight primary rays, each containing three individual rays,which represent the country's provinces;
and at each vertex of the triangle is a five-pointed golden yellow star,each of which, represent the country's 3 main islands,
Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.This flag can indicate a state of war if it is displayed with the red side on top.
NATIONAL ANTHEM OF THE PHILIPPINES-
LUPANG HINIRANG Composed by Julian Felipe on June 12, 1898
Bayang magiliw, perlas ng silanganan.Alab ng puso, sa dibdib mo'y buhay.
Lupang hinirang, duyan ka ng magitingSa manlulupig, di ka pasisiil.
Sa dagat at bundok, sa simoy atsa langit mong bughaw,
may dilag ang tula at awitsa paglayang minamahal.
Ang kislap ng watawat mo'ytagumpay na nagniningning.
Ang bituin at araw niyakailan pa may di magdidilim.
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Lupa ng araw, ng lualhati't pagsinta,buhay ay langit sa piling mo.
Aming ligaya na pag may mang-aapi,ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo
NATIONAL HERODR. JOSE P. RIZAL
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonzo Realonda (June 19, 1861 – December 30, 1896, Bagumbayan),
NATIONAL COSTUMES
BARONG TAGALOG AND BARO'T SAYA
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NATIONAL DANCE
CARIÑOSA
Cariñosa (Spanish pronunciation: [ka ɾ i ˈɲ osa] ,meaning the loving or affectionate one)is a Philippine dance of Hispanic origin
from the Maria Clara suite of Philippine folk dances,where the fan or handkerchief plays an instrumental
role as it places the couple in romance scenario.
NATIONAL MARTIAL ART AND SPORT
ARNIS
Eskrima (also known as Arnis and in the West sometimes as Kali) is the umbrella term for the traditional martial arts
of the Philippines, which emphasize weapon-based fighting with sticks, knives and other bladed weapons, and various improvised weapons.
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NATIONAL SPORTSIPA
Sipa (lit. kick or to kick) is the Philippines' traditional native sport which predates Spanish rule.
The game is related to Sepak Takraw. Similar games include Footbag net, Footvolley, Bossaball and Jianzi.
NATIONAL ANIMAL
CARABAO (KALABAW)
The carabao (Filipino: kalabaw; Malay: kerbau) or Bubalus bubalis carabanesis is a domesticated subspecies of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
NATIONAL FLOWER
SAMPAGUITA
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Jasminum sambac is a species of jasmine native The flowers are also used for perfumes and for making tea. It is known as the Arabian jasmine in English. It is the national flower of the Philippines, where it is known as Sampaguita. It is also one
of the three national flowers of Indonesia.
NATIONAL BIRD
PHILIPPINE EAGLE
The Philippine Eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi), also knownas the Monkey-eating Eagle,
is an eagle of the family Accipitridae.
NATIONAL LEAFANAHAW
Livistona rotundifolia is a round-leaf fountain palm
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found in Southeast Asia. It is a member of the genus Livistona.It is also called Footstool palm (English) and Anáhaw(Filipino).
It is the unofficial national leaf of the Philippines.
NATIONAL TREE
NARRA
Pterocarpus is a pantropical genus of trees in the family Fabaceae, most of which yield valuable timber traded as padauk (or padouk);
other common names aremukwa or narra. The scientific name is Latinized Ancient Greek
and means "wing fruit", referring to the unusual shape of the seed pods in this genus.
NATIONAL FISH
MILK FISH (BANGUS)
Milkfish have a generally symmetrical and streamlined appearance, with a sizable forked caudal fin. They can grow to 1.70 m
(5 ft 7 in) but are most often about 1 metre (39 in) in length. They have no teeth and generally feed on algae and invertebrates.
NATIONAL FRUIT
MANGO (MANGGA)
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The mango is a fleshy stone fruit belonging to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous tropical fruiting trees in the flowering plant family Anacardiaceae. The mango is native to India
from where it spread all over the world. It is also the most cultivated fruit of the tropical world. While other Mangifera species (e.g. horse mango, M. foetida)
are also grown on a more localized basis, Mangifera indica – the common mango or Indian mango – is the only mango tree commonly cultivated in many tropical
and subtropical regions, and its fruit is distributed essentially worldwide.
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Philippine National Heroes
Dr. Jose P. Rizal(1861-1896)
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The Philippines' national hero. Born in Calamba
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, Laguna, on June 19, 1861. Published his master
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piece Noli Me Tangere in Berlin(Germany) in 1
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887 and his second novel El Filibusterismo in
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Ghent(Belgium) in 1891. His two novels stirre
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d the conscience of his people. He contribute
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d various literary works to La Solidaridad. F
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or his leadership in the reform movement and
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for his incendiary novels, Rizal was arrested
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and later killed by musketry in Bagumbayan,
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Manila, on December 30, 1896. His execution was
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the last straw for other Filipinos who call
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ed for a bloody revolution against Spain.
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Andres Bonifacio(1863-18
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97)He founded the secret society, Katipunan, o
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n July 7, 1892, to fight Spain. He was also pre
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sident of the Tagalog republic from August 2
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4, 1896 to May 10, 1897. Born in Tondo, Manila, o
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n November 30, 1863. He grew up in the slums a
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nd never knew the benefits of a prosperous l
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ife. He married Gregoria de Jesus in 1892. He
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was killed on May 10, 1897, near Mount Buntis,
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Maragondon, Cavite.
Gen
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eral Gregorio del Pilar(1875-1899)Hero of Tira
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d Pass. Born on November 14, 1875, in Bulacan, B
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ulacan. Died on December 2, 1899, in the battle
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of Tirad Pass, to enable Aguinaldo to escape
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from the Americans. One of the youngest and
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bravest generals ever produced by the Philip
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pines.
General Emilio Agui
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naldo(1899-1964)He officially proclaimed the
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Philippine independence in Malolos, Bulacan,
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on January 23, 1899, with him as the first pre
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sident. It was the first republic in Asia. Bor
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n in Kawit, Cavite, on March 22, 1869. Died at t
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he Veterans Memorial Hospital, Quezon City, on
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February 6, 1964.
Apolinar
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io Mabini(1864-1903)Sublime paralytic and th
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e brain of the revolution. Born in Talaga, Tan
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auan, Batangas, on June 22, 1864. He joined La L
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iga Filipina in 1892 and Aguinaldo's revolut
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ionary government from June 1898 to May 1899
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. He was captured by the American forces in D
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ecember 1899 and deported to Guam in January
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1901. He died in Manila on May 13, 1903.
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Father Mariano Gomez
(1799-
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1872)
GOMBURZA
Three in
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tellectuals who crusaded for
Father Jose Bur
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gos reform. Father Jose Burgos Killed
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(1837-1872) by garrote in Bagumbayan, Manila
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on February 17, 1872, for allegedly
instigat
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ing the Cavite mutiny.
Fat
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her Jacinto Zamora
(1835-1872)
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Emilio Jacinto
(1875-1899)
Brai
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n of the Katipunan. Born in Trozo, Manila, on D
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ecember 15, 1875. He joined the Katipunan in 1
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894 and became Bonifacio's trusted friend an
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d advicer. He wrote the Kartilya ng Katipunan
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, theprimer of the Katipunan which embodied t
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he teachings of the organization. He founded
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and edited the Katipunan newspaper; Kalayaan,
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whose first issue came out in January 1896. D
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ied on April 16, 1899. He was one of the heroic
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figures in the Phillipine history.
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General Antonio Luna
(1866-1899)
T
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he greates general of the revolution. Younger
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brother of juan Luna, the famous painter. Edit
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or o La Independencia, whose first issue came
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out on September 3, 1898. Born in Binon, Manil
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a, on October 29, 1866. He was one of the propa
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gandists in Spain who were working for pilit
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icalreforms in the Philippines. He contribute
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d articles to La Solidaridad. He assassinated
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in Cabanatuan City, on June 5, 2899.
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Melchora Aquino(1812-1919)B etter
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known as Tandang Sora. Born in Banlat, Kalooka
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n City, on January 6, 1812. She helped the Kati
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puneros under the leadership of Andres Bonif
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acio by providing them food, shelter, and othe
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r material goods. She is recognized as the Gra
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nd Woman of the revolution and the Mother of
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Balintawak. She died on March 12, 1919.
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Graciano Lopez-Jaena(1856-1896)Fou
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nder and first editor of the newspaper La So
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lidaridad, which became the vehicle of expres
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sion for Filipino propaganda in Spain. Togeth
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er wtih Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. Del Pilar, he
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undertook propaganda campaigns in Spain. Born
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in Jaro, Iloilo, on December 18, 1856. He died
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on January 20, 1896, in Barcelona, Spain.
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Panday Pira(1483-1576)First Fili
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pino cannon-maker. He forged the cannons whic
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h Rajah Sulayman used in defending the Musli
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m Kingdom of Manila against the Spanish inva
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ders. Born in one of the islands in Southern
![Page 106: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Philippines in 1483. He died in 1576.
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Mariano Ponce(1863-1918)Researc
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her, historian, bibliographer, propagandist, dip
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lomat, physician, folklorist, and an outstandin
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g reformist. Born in Baliwag, Bulacan, on March
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23, 1863. While in Spain, he joined the propag
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anda movement and became one of the initiato
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rs of La Solidaridad, later becoming its mana
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ging editor. Died in HongKong on May 23, 1918.
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Gregoria de Jesus(1875-19
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43)One of the brave and patriotic women who
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played a heroic role in the Philippine revol
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ution. Born in Kalookan City, on May 9, 1875. Wi
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fe of Andres Bonifacio and Lakambini of the K
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atipunan. She actually fought alongside her h
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usband during the revolution, aside from bein
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g the custodian of the Katipunan documents. S
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he organized the Katipunan's Women Chapter. S
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he died on March 15, 1943.
Fern
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ando Ma. Guerrero(1873-1890)Musician, journali
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st, politician, and lawyer. Considered the grea
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test lyric poet in Spanish. Born in Ermita, Ma
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nila, on May 30, 1873. When the revolution brok
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e out, General Antonio Luna invited him to joi
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n the editorial staff of La Independencia, the
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organ of the revolution. Thus, he fought for
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the Filipino cause with his pen. Died in Mani
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la June 12, 1929.
Felipe Ago
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ncillo(1859-1941)Outstanding diplomat of the
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Philippine revolution. Born in Taal, Batangas
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, on May 26, 1859. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo appoint
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ed him as Minister Plenipotentiary to the pe
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ace conference in Washington and Paris. Died
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on September 29, 1941, at the Manila Doctor's
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Hospital.
Juan Luna(1857-1899
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)A genius of the brush and a patriot of the
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highest order. Creator of the world-famous pa
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inting, SPOLARIUM, which was awarded the gold
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medal in the Exposicion Nacional de Bellas Art
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es in Madrid in 1884. It is also known as the
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greatest painting of all times. Born in Badoc
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, Ilocos, Norte, on October 23, 1857. He was clos
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ely associated with the Reform Movement, toge
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ther with Rizal, Lopez-Jaena, Ponce, etc. He die
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d in Hongkong on December 7, 1899.
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Rafael Palma(1874-1939)Orator, stat
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esman, scholar, educator, and writer. Born in To
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ndo, Manila, on October 24, 1874. He was involve
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d in the propaganda campaign against the Spa
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niards. He cofounded with Gen. Antonio Luna th
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e revolutionary newspaper, La Independencia. L
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ater, he also founded El Nuevo Dia, Cebu's firs
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t daily. Died in Manila on May 24, 1939.
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Marcelo H. Del Pilar(1850-1896)Pol
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itical analyst of the Filipino colony in Spai
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n. Born in Kupang, Bulacan, Bulacan, on August 3
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0, 1850. In 1882, he founded the nationalistic
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newspaper, Diariong Tagalog. In December 1889,
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he became the editor of La Solidaridad and b
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ecame the moving spirit behind the propagand
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a movement. Died on July 4, 1896.
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Pedro Paterno(1858-1911)Statesman
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, poet, writer, and peacemaker. Born in Manila o
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n February 27, 1858. He was the negotiator/med
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iator of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. He helped
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prepare the Malolos constitution. Died on Apr
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il 26, 1911.
Leona Florentin
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o(1849-1884)First poetess of the Philippines
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. Born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on April 19, 1849. He
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r poems were given international recognition
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at the Exposicion in Madrid in 1887 and in P
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aris in 1889. Died on October 4, 1884.
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Isabelo delos Reyes(1864-1938)La
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st of the propagandists. Gifted son of Leona
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Florentino, first poetess of the Philippines.
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Born in Vigan, Ilocos Sur, on July 7, 1864. He a
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roused the hostility of the friars and gover
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nment officials when he openly criticized th
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e evils of the Spanish rule and he advocated
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reforms. He was the founder of the first Phi
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lippine labor union, as well as the first inde
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pendent Filipino Catholic church. Died on Oct
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ober 9, 1938.
Artemio Ricarte(1
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866-1945)The unconquerable hero of the revol
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ution. Born in Batac, Ilocos Norte, on October
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20, 1866. Known as Viborra, he was a gentle pub
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lic school teacher who became a dashing revol
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utionary general. Died in the jungles of Sier
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ra Madre on July 31, 1945.
J
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ose Palma(1876-1903)Poet and soldier. Born in
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Tondo, Manila, on June 3, 1876. Younger brother
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of Dr. Rafael Palma. He was a staff member of
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La Independencia. He wrote Filipinas, a patrio
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tic poem in Spanish, which became the lyrics
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of the Philippine National Anthem. Died in Man
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ila, on February 12, 1903.
Rajah
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Lakandola( -1575)One of the most illustriou
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s ancient Filipinos. Chief of Tondo, when Lega
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zpi came to Manila in 1571. He became a Christ
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ian and took the name of Carlos, after the ki
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ng of Spain. He made the blood compact with G
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oiti. He fought alongside the Spaniards again
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st the Chinese pirate, Limahong. Died in 1575.
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Rajah Soliman( -1571)The la
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st rajah of Manila, noted for his daring and
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bravery. Nephew of Rajah Lakandola. Of all of t
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he early rulers of Manila, he was feared most
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by the Spaniards. He was killed on June 3, 15
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71, in the Battle of Bangkusay.
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Leonor Rivera(1867-1893)Cousin and
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fiancee of Jose Rizal. She was the Maria Cla
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ra in Rizal's Noli Me Tangere.
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Marcela Mariño Agoncillo(1859-1946
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)Maker of the first Philippine flag. Born in
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Taal, Batangas, on June 24, 1859. Married to Fel
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ipe Agoncillo. She labored to make the Filipi
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no flag in Hong Kong with the help of Delfin
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a Herbosa de Natividad, a niece of Rizal. Died
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on May 30, 1946 in Taal, Batangas.
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Galicano Apacible
One of the foun
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ders of La Solidaridad.
Jos
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e Ma. Panganiban(1863-1890)Avenger of Filipin
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o honor. Born in Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on
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February 1, 1863. A good friend and co-worker
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of Rizal. He was Bicolandia's greatest contri
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bution to the historic campaign for reforms,
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more popularly called the Propaganda Movemen
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t. He wrote articles for La Solidaridad, under
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the pen names Jomapa and J.M.P. Died in Barc
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elona, Spain, on August 19, 1890.
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Diego Silang(1730-1763)He led the revolt of
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the Ilocanos in opposition to the tribute an
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d abuses of the Spanish officials. Born in Ar
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ingay, La Union, on December 16, 1730. The revol
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t started in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. He was killed
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by Miguel Vicos, a Spanish mestizo who bore gr
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ievances against Diego Silang.
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Maria Josefa Gabriela SilangAfter
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the death of Diego Silang on May 28, 1763, the
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fight was carried on by his wife, MARIA JOSE
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FA GABRIELA SILANG, and his uncle, Nicolas Car
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iño. She too lost her life for freedom's sake
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on September 30, 1763.
Lap
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u-Lapu(c. 16t
h
century)Chief of Mactan who le
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d the first successful Filipino armed resista
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nce against Spanish aggression. He fought and
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killed Magellan in a battle in Mactan, on Ap
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ril 27, 1521.
Francisco Balt
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azar(1788-1862)More popularly known as Balag
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tas, he is considered the prince of Tagalog p
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oets. Born in Panginay, Bigaa, Bulacan, on April
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2, 1788. He wrote Florante at Laura, a masterpi
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ece of local versification, upholding moral and
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social values; it served as the basic foundat
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ion of the Philippine literature. Died in Ori
![Page 261: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/261.jpg)
on, Bataan, on February 20, 1862.
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Epifanio delos Santos(1871-1928)La
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wyer, journalist, historian, philosopher, biblio
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grapher, biographer, painter, poet, musician, lit
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erary critic, antique collector, and librarian
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. Born in Malabon, Rizal, on April 7, 1871. Died o
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n April 28, 1928, in Manila.
F
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rancisco Dagohoy(c. Mid-18t
h
century)He led the
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longest revolt in Bohol against the Spaniards. The
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immediate cause of the revolt was the refusal of a
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Jesuit priest to give a Christian burial to Dagoh
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oy's brother. The Spaniards needed 85 years befo
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re they were able to suppress the rebellion. It w
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as only in 1829 that they finally succeeded in b
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ringing to end the revolt started by Dagohoy.
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Teresa Magbanua(1871-1947)The fi
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rst woman in Panay to fight in the Philippine rev
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olution. Known as the Visayan Joan of Arc. Born in
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Pototan, Iloilo, on November 4, 1871. Died in Aug
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ust 1947.
Trinidad Tecson(1848-
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1928)Mother of Biak-na-Bato. Born in San Miguel,
![Page 282: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/282.jpg)
Bulacan, on November 18, 1848. Even though women-
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members of the Katipunan were exempted from the
![Page 284: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/284.jpg)
pact, she participated inSanduguan(blood compac
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t). She fought fearlessly in 12 bloody battles of
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the revolution in Bulacan, including the famous
![Page 287: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/287.jpg)
Battle of Biak-na-Bato. Later, she became known a
![Page 288: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/288.jpg)
s The Mother of the Philippine Red Cross. Died on
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June 28, 1928.
Agueda EstebanKat
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ipunan member who later married Artemio Ricarte
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. She commuted from Cavite to Manila to buy salt
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peter, lead, and copper which where used to make
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ammunitions. She also carried secret messages ab
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out the planned offensives against the Spanish p
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osts.
Julian Felipe(1861-1941)Com
![Page 296: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/296.jpg)
poser of the Philippine National Anthem. Born in
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Cavite City on January 28, 1861. A dedicated musi
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c teacher and composer, he was appointed by Agui
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naldo as Director of the National Band of the Phil
![Page 300: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/300.jpg)
ippine Republic. Died in Manila on October 2, 194
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1.
Marina Dizon(1875-1950)Daughter
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of a Katipunan leader in Cavite, who was one of t
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he Trece Martirez, executed by the Spanish offic
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ials in 1896. Born in Trozo, Manila, on July 18, 18
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75. She joined the Katipunan in July 1893, one of
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the first women to have done so. She also kept imp
![Page 307: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/307.jpg)
ortant documents of the Katipunan. Died on Octobe
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r 25, 1950.
General Francisco Mak
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abulos(1871-1922)Leader of the revolt in Tarlac.
![Page 310: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/310.jpg)
Born in La Paz, Tarlac, on September 17, 1871. He w
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as the first patriot in Tarlac, who joined the Kat
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ipunan. General Aguinaldo appointed him as one o
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f the brigadier generals of the Central Luzon are
![Page 314: Evolution of ?](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012402/55cf98ce550346d03399c7c1/html5/thumbnails/314.jpg)
a. He established the Central Executive Committe
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e, which had a constitution called the Constitut
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ion of Makabulos. Died in La Paz, Tarlac, on April
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30, 1922.