evolution of day surgery & the vision for esac...british association of day surgery little...
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![Page 1: Evolution of Day Surgery & the Vision for ESAC...British Association of Day Surgery Little progress British Medical Journal in 1948: “Any surgeon who allows a patient to leave hospital](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022040320/5e4f5e1461ec855148028216/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evolution of Day
Surgery & the Vision
for ESAC
Professor Doug McWhinnie, BADS
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Evolution of Day Surgery in the UK:
A Vision for Surgical AmbulatoryEmergency Care
Doug McWhinniePast-President BADSPresident-Elect IAAS10 April 2019
Consultant General and Vascular SurgeonMilton Keynes University Hospital NHSFT
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Historical Timeline
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Father of Modern Day Surgery
• 1899-1908 reported on 8988 ops
• performed at the Sick Children’sHospital & Dispensary, Glasgow
BMJ 2:753, 1909
James H. Nicoll(1864–1921)
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Ralph Waters
(1883–1979)
1919: The Down-Town Anesthesia
Clinic, Sioux City, USA
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
USA: First Hospital Based Day Surgery Units
Opened in
1951: Grand Rapids, Michigan
1952: Los Angeles
Fiscal benefits drove the progress of ambulatory surgery
in the USA and Australia, in 50s, 60s and 70s
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Little progress
British Medical Journal in 1948:
“Any surgeon who allows a patient to leave hospital within 14 days of an abdominal
operation (this would include hernia repair) would be in a difficult position
should complications occur”.
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Case Inguinal Hernia 1955
458 Consecutive Day Case Inguinal Hernia RepairsFarquharson EL, Lancet
1955;ii:517-9Eric L Farquharson
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Early UK Day Surgery
Late 1970s – early 1980s
– Pioneering enthusiasts
– Local developments
– No coordinated approach
– Medical & nursing establishment apathetic
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Royal College of Surgeons
Published 1985
– revised 1992
Considered 50% elective
surgery as day case
achievable
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
1989South MimmsServices
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Audit CommissionBasket of Procedures 1990
Inguinal Hernia Repair
Excision Breast Lump
Anal Fissure Excision
Varicose Vein Surgery
Cystoscopy
Circumcision
Excision of Dupuytren’s Contracture
Carpal Tunnel Decompression
Arthroscopy
Excision of Ganglion
Cataract Extraction
Squint Correction
Myringotomy
Sub Mucus Resection
Reduction of Nasal Fractures
Bat Ear Correction
D&C
Laparoscopy+/- Sterilisation
Termination of Pregnancy
Orchidopexy
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Audit Commission’s Basket of Procedures 2001
Cataract Extraction
Excision Breast Lump
Carpal Tunnel Decompression
Bat Ears
R/O Metalwork
Bunion Operations
Laparoscopy
Tonsillectomy
TURBT
Squint Correction
Orchidopexy
Anal Fissure
D&C / Hysteroscopy
Nasal Fractures
Myringotomy
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Excision of Ganglion
Hernia Repair
Varicose Veins
Dupuytren’s Contracture
Haemorrhoidectomy
Circumcision
Arthroscopy
SMR
Termination of pregnancy
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Government Initiatives
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
75% Of Elective Surgery To Be Performed On A Day Case
Basis
White Paper, 2000
Alan Milburn 1999-2003
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Why 75%
1967 - 40% Ministry of Health
1985 - 50% Royal College of Surgeons
1994 - 60% NHS Executive
2001 - 75% NHS Plan
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Alan MilburnNHS Plan (2002)
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Surgery Definition
“Day surgery is the admission of selected patients to hospital for a planned surgical procedure, returning home on the same day.
Day Surgery:Operational Guide. DoH,
London,2002
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Government Initiatives
NHS Modernisation Agency
– 2002–5
– Clinical Champions
– BADS Collaboration
– Benchmarking exercise with other Trusts
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
10 High Impact Changes
NHS Modernisation Agency, 2004
John Reid 2003-5
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Service Improvement and Delivery
Top High Impact factor:
Treat day surgery (rather than in-patient surgery) as
the norm for elective surgery
NHS Modernisation
Agency, 2004
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
To support improvement in systemic productivity and efficiency
Patricia Hewitt 2005-7
2006
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Productivity IndicatorsSeptember 2006
Clinical productivity
Finance
Prescribing
Procurement
Workforce
www.productivity.nhs.uk
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
A focus for the greatest productivity and efficiency gains
Reduce avoidable emergency admissionsReduce unnecessary outpatient appointments, follow-
ups & DNA’sAvoid unnecessary proceduresImprove day case performanceReduce wasted bed daysImprove the accuracy of clinical codingReduce variation in length of stayImprove staff productivityActively manage staff and recruitment costs
NHS Institute for Innovation & Improvement, 2006
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
“Delivering a fair,
personalised,
effective and safer
NHS”
Lord Darzi , 2007
Alan Johnson 2007-9
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
2009
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
2009 DoH Enhanced Recovery Programme
Pre OperativeOptimise health Preassessment
Patient information
Patient expectation Discharge Planning
Intra OperativeMinimally invasive Regional anaesthesia
Goal directed fluid therapy
Post OperativePlanned mobilisation Regular analgesia
Avoid opiates Minimal drains
DischargePlanned Patient Information Follow up if required
Andy Burnham 2009-10
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Quality Ambulatory Principles
Pre-assessment
Optimised Health
Patient information
Discharge Planning
Minimally invasive
Regional anaesthesia
Goal directed fluid therapy
Planned mobilisation
Regular analgesia
Avoid Opiates
Nurse Led Discharge
Discharge information
Follow up if required
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Enhanced Recovery Programme
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Payment by ResultsBADS/PbR Steering Group
2009
Inpatient > DC funding
No incentivisation
2010
Same tariff for DC and IP Best Practice tariff for DC laparoscopic cholecystectomy
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
The Development of ‘Best Practice’ Tariff
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Promoting Quality Day Care
Best Practice Tariff – Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
2012/13 Daycase
tariff (£)
Elective spell
tariff (£)
GA10D Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with length of stay 1 day or more without CC - 1,367
GA10E Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with length of stay 0 days without CC 1,662 1,367
Planned as day caseDischarged day of surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery
Impact of Best Practice Tariff
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
2007 2008 2009
%Lap
Choleas
Day Case
2010
Best practice tariff
Howard, et al. J One-day Surg 21: 4, 2011
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Liberating the NHS 2010
Information Revolution
Greater Choice & Control
Health and Social Care Act
Clinical Commissioning Groups
Andrew Lansley 2010-12
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
4 hour A&E Wait18 week RTT Cancer Targets
remain….but forhow long?
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
•CCG’s
•Failing Trusts
•Hospital Closure
•Trust Amalgamation
•Junior Doctors’ Strikes
•Care Quality CommissionJeremy Hunt 2012-18
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Matt Hancock 2018 -
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Lessons for Surgical Ambulatory Emergency Care
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Is day surgery better than in-patient surgery ?
Not evidence based
re clinical outcomes
but…
Day Surgery is a
process not a
procedure
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Day Surgery Definition
“Day surgery is the admission of selected patients to hospital for a planned surgical procedure, returning home on the same day.
Day Surgery:Operational Guide. DoH,
London,2002
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Out-Patient Clinic
Selection Criteria
Preassessment
Admission
Operation
Recovery
Day Case Facility
Discharge
Follow-up
Pre-assessment
Pathway
Peri-operative
care
Post-operative
care
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
• Unselected
• Unplanned
• Day or Night
Ambulatory Emergency Surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Emergency 12 hour post-operative pathwayEmergency Admission
Investigations and diagnosis
Preopassessment by anaesthetist
Discharge plan
Early Operation
No sepsis
Discharge on day of surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Ambulatory Emergency Surgery
Definition
“Ambulatory emergency surgery is the management of an emergency patient according to an ambulatory surgical pathway, avoiding overnight stay following their surgical procedure.”
International Association of Ambulatory Surgery May 2018
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
Summary
• Long history of day surgery
• Government initiatives
• Ambulatory principles can be applied to emergency surgery
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
BADS Booklets
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk
BADS Directory 5th Edition (2016)
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British Association of Day Surgery www.bads.co.uk