Evolution of the IOT network New paradigms

Patrick Wetterwald, IOT Standards and Architecturepwetterw@cisco.com

December 2014

ETSI M2M workshop

2© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

“The Internet of Things is the intelligent connectivity of physical devices driving massive gains in efficiency, business growth, and quality of life.”

What Is the Internet of Things?

3© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Converging Digital Disruptions

The Nexus of Forces

IoT = $1.9 Trillion in 2020

The 3rd Platform

$462 Billion in 2013 (22% of total

ICT spending)

The Industrial Internet

$10 Trillion to $15 Trillion Over

Next 20 Years

Create a Unique Inflection Point

4© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

7.26.8 7.6

IoT Is Here Now – and Growing!

Rapid Adoption Rate of Digital Infrastructure:5X Faster Than Electricity and Telephony

50 Billion“Smart Objects”

5050

20102010 20152015 20202020

00

4040

3030

2020

1010

BIL

LIO

NS

OF

DEV

ICES

25

12.5Inflection

Point

TIMELINE

Source: Cisco IBSG, 2011

World Population

5© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What Industries Are We Focused On?

REAL TIME SCALE BIG DATA/ANALYTICS SECURITY

Manufacturing Energy-UtilityMining Oil and Gas Transportation City Defense SP/M2M

6© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

The Data Aggregation Challenge

1.1 BillionData points generated by sensors daily500 Gigabytes

Data generated by an offshore oil rig weekly

1000 GigabytesData generated by an oil refinery daily10,000 Gigabytes

Data generated by a jet engine  every 30 minutes

2.5 Billion GigabytesData generated worldwide daily

90% of the world’s dataHas been created in the last 2 years!

Distributed IntelligenceDo you mean Fog Computing ?

8© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Data Centre/Cloud

Endpoints

Traditional Computing ArchitectureTerminal-Mainframe, Client-Server, Web

Core NetworkCore Network

9© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Source: Cisco Advanced Research & Engineering

10© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Data Centre/Cloud

Smart ObjectsSmart Objects

IoT and Fog Computing ArchitectureData Points, Variety & Velocity, Security, Resiliency, Latency

Fog NetworkFog Network

Core NetworkCore Network

Tens of Millions to BillionsEmbedded Systems & Sensors

Low power, low bandwidth

Tens of Thousands to MillionsMulti-Service Edge

2G/3G/LTE/WiFi/RF Mesh/PLCTSN: Time Sensitive Networks

6TiSCH

ThousandsBackhaul

IP/MPLS, Sec., QoS, Multicast

HundredsData Centre/Cloud

Hosting IoT Analytics

Sensing

Control

Correlation

Millsecond /seconds response

Transactional response times

KB-GB

GB-TB

TB-PB

Infinite

11© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Analytics Between Fog and Cloud

FogSensors Cloud

Storage

Realtime Data

Control/Actuation

Transient 

milliSec/Seconds

Visualisation

_--_-_--_- Analytics

Seconds/Minutes

Semi-Permanent Months/Years

Minutes/Days/Weeks

Filter to process data locallyRemaining pass to cloud

Response

_--_-_--_- Business IntelligencDashboardsKPIs

_--_-_--_-_--_-_--_-Control

Loop

12© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Allows customer apps to execute on Cisco industrial network devices Fosters innovation, agility and efficiency in operational technologies (OT)

IOx integrates Cisco IoS™ with Linux (for customer apps)

Iox: Networking and intelligent platform

Need determinism?

© 2010 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 14

Control Loops Require Determinism

Cisco Deterministic Ethernet Scales from

Small to Large Networks with Safety and Security

Control Loops Require Determinism

Cisco Deterministic Ethernet Scales from

Small to Large Networks with Safety and Security

15© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Industrial Intelligence Requires Evolution

DETERMINISM

“Non-Deterministic”

Information

Input/Output

Motion

Closed-Loop Control,

“More Deterministic” “Very Deterministic” “Strictly Deterministic”

UNMANAGED10Mb/s, Half-Duplex,

slow convergence

MANAGED10/100Mbs, 802.11 a/b/g, QoS,

RSTP Fast Convergence (s), IGMP, Full-Duplex, Wireless Mesh

REAL TIMEGb/s, IEEE 1588 PTP, 802.11n,

Low-latency, CleanAir, Very Fast Convergence (ms)

DETERMINISTIC ETHERNET10 Gb/s, Low Jitter, Precise Scheduling,

Loss-less Convergence, Multi-path switching

IND

US

TRIA

L A

PP

LIC

ATI

ON

S

Wireless

Wired

Future

Safety-CriticalRelevant Innovations to Standard Networks

16© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Industrial is going through same transition

Traditional Converged Ethernet

17© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Deterministic Ethernet

Low Latency & Packet Jitter Measured in microseconds

Control traffic immune from impact of other traffic

Guaranteed delivery & resiliency

Time Synchronization Measured in nanoseconds

Characteristics for Real time applications

Multiple Deliveries

Automation & ControlRate Constrained

Best Effort

18© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DeterministicWi-Fi or Ethernet

Future Industrial Architecture with unified wireless (6TiSCH)

Enterprise

Plant Control Network

19© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Wind Turbines• Safety certified control system (integrated approach to

networking and control)• Reduced total cost of ownership for end user from higher

availability of system

Space• Spacecraft backbone Network, redundant fail-

operational network• Enabled robust network where maintenance is not an

option

Automotive (from 2016)

• Automotive in-vehicle network for control • High performance, cost-effective, weight reducing from

integrating safety and non-safety traffic on one network

Aerospace and Defence

• Avionics Backbone network, simple redundant mechanisms that fulfill fail operational requirements

• Enabling highest performance

Oil and Gas• Process control system• Expanded existing control system with determinism• Cost-effective to operate, simple to upgrade and maintain

Intelligent Networks?Learning networks

21© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

What is a Learning Networks ?

Why learning ? The network is truly adaptive thanks to advanced analytics

Why a paradigm shift ? Move from Trial-and-Error model to a proactive approach using models built using advanced

analytics

Analytics

x(l )in, j

ddx

f (l )j x

( l )j ,ix

( l1)out ,i

i1

nj

Advanced networking

PCE Scheduler

PCE Selector

Request(s) Arrival

Pre‐processing pipeline

Es ma on of the EPR Queue Selec on Process

Request cancelled if EPR>k*MTR

High Priority

Low

Priority

High Priority

Low

Prio

rity

Reroute

Reop

mizaon

Preemp on 0

Preemp on 7

Decreasing bw requirement size

Op onal packing (correlated requests)

Dynamic priority increase based on EPR and wai ng

me

Cisco’s Learning Networks

22© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Learning Networks Enable Scale

PREDICTIVE PERFORMANCE

ANALYSISANOMALY

DETECTION ADAPTIVESECURITY

IoT ENVIRONMENT LEARNING NETWORK

DATA

OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE

HIDDEN

Sensors, cameras, cars, wearable sensors, traffic lights, computers, smart meters

OBSERVED PARAMETERS

MODEL

LEARNADJUST

Dat

acen

ter

and

clou

dC

ore

Net

wor

k

Fiel

d A

rea

Net

wor

k

Embe

dded

sys

tem

s

Private Network

Controller

Cisco’s Learning Network: Lightweight/complex Embedded Analytics at the edge

of the network

Learning

Multi-service Mesh Network

Router

Cisco’s Learning Network Architecture

Hierarchical analytics

Internet/VPNService Providers

Learning

Learning

Distributed architecture

The network builds analytical models, allowing for reactive networking

Application Centric Controller dynamically interacts with the network

x(l )in, j

ddx

f (l )j x

( l )j ,ix

( l1)out ,i

i1

nj

Learning

24© 2013-2014 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Thanks You