evolution theories lamarack vs darwin. jean- baptist lamarck (1744-1829) acquired traits- traits...
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Evolution Theories
•Lamarack vs Darwin
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Jean- Baptist Lamarck (1744-1829)
Acquired traits- traits that a organism obtains during its life are passed to offspring (ex: long neck of giraffe)
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1.Tendency towards perfection (change because you want to)
2.Use and disuse (structures change if used, disappear if not used)
3.Inherit acquired traits(changes in lifetime passed on to kids)
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Lamarck: How did the fiddler crab get a large claw?
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Lamarck:
1. Crab has a small claw• feels a larger claw would be more
“perfect” (predators, mates)2. Crab uses claw• makes it larger• acquires a new trait in his lifetime3. Crab has babies• all offspring have large claws
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Lamarck:
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Charles Darwin(1809-1882)
Natural Selection: Variations among individuals increases survival and are selected based on environment–Adaptations increase fitness
• N
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DARWIN∞NATURAL SELECTIONHis theory was influenced by:1. 5-year Voyage on the Beagle
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DARWIN2. Galapagos Islands
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DARWIN
3. Charles Lyell’s geology book--earth is millions of years old andis constantly changingEX: ocean fossils on mountain tops
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DARWIN4.Artificial Selection-pigeon breeds-dog breeds
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DARWIN5. Thomas Malthus’ essay on
human overpopulation--too many humans = not enough resources--”weak” will die --“strong” will survive
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On the Origin of Species
• Darwin’s book published in 1859• Proposes Natural Selection as the way species form• Controversial……religion
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DARWINHow crabs got big claws
1.Some crabs have slightly bigger claws, others have slightly smaller claws (from mutations)
2.The bigger the claw, the more food crabs get
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DARWIN3. Big-claw crabs have lots of big-claw
offspring4. Small-claw crabs have few or no
offspring5. Over time, small-claw crabs
become extinct, since big-claw crabs get more food and mates….and therefore more offspring
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DARWIN∞NATURAL SELECTION:4 parts1. Natural Variation--individuals in a population vary
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DARWIN∞NATURAL SELECTION:4 partsCompare your hand size to your
table partners….this is natural variation
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DARWIN
Because of this variety:∞ some are very well-adapted
(w.a.) to their environments (fast, strong, camouflage..)
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DARWIN
Because of this variety:∞ --others are not w.a.
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DARWINNATURAL SELECTION:4 parts2. Inheritance
--parents pass traits to kids--through genes--kids look like parents
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NATURAL SELECTION:4 parts3. Overproduction of offspring-too many offspring are produced—
there is competition
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NATURAL SELECTION:4 parts4. Reproductive Advantage-traits that increase reproductive
success will be more common in the next generation
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4. Reproductive Advantage-w.a. survive better than not w.a.-w.a. have more w.a. offspring -not w.a. have few or no offspring--“survival of the fittest”
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4. Reproductive AdvantageOver time, this results in changes in
the characteristics of a species∞-w.a. species form∞-not w.a. species disappear
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DARWIN”descent with modification”
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DARWIN
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DARWIN