evolution unit grade:«grade» subject: biology date: «date»
TRANSCRIPT
Evolution Unit
Grade: «grade»
Subject: Biology
Date: «date»
1 Which of the following could cause changes in populations of organisms over time?
A The evironment
B Geographic separation
C Human choices
D All of these
2 Which of the following explains why selection can cause populations of organisms to change?
A It teaches organisms how to survive better in their environments.
B It allows some organisms to survive and produce offspring while others do not.
C It causes changes in organisms to help them in their everyday lives.
D It chooses certain organisms with good traits over other organisms with bad traits.
3 In each generation, the wings of experimetnal fruit flies were clipped short for fifty generations. The fifty-first generation emerged with normal-length wings. This observation would tend to disprove the idea that evolution is based on
A inheritance of natural variations
B inheritance of acquired characteristics
C natural selection
D survival of the fittest
4 Charles Darwin's observations that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands ahve many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches
A have the ability to interbreed
B acquired traits through use and disuse
C all eat the same type of food
D descended from a common ancestor
5 When a farmer breeds only his or her best livestock, the process involved is
A natural selection
B artificial selection
C artificial variation
D survival of the fittest
6 When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin's concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
A Acquired characteristics
B Reproductive isolation
C Survival of the fittest
D Descent with modification
7 Which statement about the members of a population that live long enough to reproduce is consistent with the theory of natural selection?
A They transmit characteristics acquired by use and disuse to their offspring.
B They tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the population.
C They are the ones that are best adapted to survive in their environment.
D They will perpetuate unfavorable changes in the species.
8 The ability of an organisms to survive and reproduce in its sepecific environment is
A diversity
B fitness
C adaptation
D evolution
9 According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
A characteristics their parents acquired by use and disuse
B characteristics that plant and animal breeders value
C the greatest number of offspring
D variations best suited to the environment
10 An adaptation is an inherited characteristic that can be
A physical or behavioral
B physical or geographical
C acquired during the organism's lifetime
D the result of artificial selection
11 The presence of a hind limb node in dolphin embryos is an example of a
A fossil
B vestigial structure
C homologous structure
D analogous structure
12 Modern sea star larvae resemble some primitive vertebrate larvae. This similarity may suggest that primitive vertebrates
A share a common ancestor with sea stars
B evolved from sea stars
C evoloved before sea stars
D belong to the same species as sea stars
13 Charles Darwin's theory of evolution explain all of the following EXCEPT
A how species become extinct
B how inherited traits are passed from parent to offspring
C how species change over time
D how evolution takes place in the natural world
14 The genes that are responsible for body planning are called
A proteins
B hox genes
C histones
D hemoglobin
15 Which statement is in agreement with Darwin's theory of evolution?
A More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
B The organisms that are the fittest can possibly survive.
C The number of offspring is nto related to fitness.
D Acquired characteristics that are inherited are the cause of evolution.
16 Which phrase best defines evolution by natural selection?
A An adaptation of a species to its environment
B a sudden replacement of one population by another
C changes in a species as it becomes more perfect
D a process of change in species over time
17 Which of the following statements describe what all members of a population share?
A They are temporarily isolated from each other.
B They are geographically isolated from each other.
C They are members of the same species.
D They have identical genes.
18 All of the genes of all members of a particular population make up the population's
A relative frequency
B phenotype
C genotype
D gene pool
19 Which statement below about gene pools is typically true?
A They contain two or more alleles for each inheritable trait.
B They contain only dominant alleles.
C They belong to two or more interbreeding species.
D The relative frequencies of the alleles never change.
20
A
B
C
D
Natural selection acts directly on
alleles.
genes.
phenotypes.
mutations.
21
A
B
C
D
In a fox population, the allele frequency of a gene for red fur changes from 20 percent to 30 percent. What can you say about that population of foxes?
The population is expanding.
The population is evolving.
The population is decreasing.
The population is not evolving.
22
A
B
C
D
Sexual reproduction among members of a population results in
different types of alleles in the gene pool.
changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.
no changes in the allele frequencies in the gene pool.
an absence of genetic variation in the population.
23
A
B
C
D
A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a
recombination.
polygenic trait.
single-gene trait.
mutation.
24
A
B
C
D
Three sources of genetic variation are
genotypes, phenotypes, and polygenic traits.
sexual reproduction, lateral gene transfer, and mutations.
single-gene traits, polygenic traits, and adaptation.
directional selection, disruptive selection, and stabilizing selection.
25
A
B
C
D
The genetic recombination that occurs as part of sexual reproduction
changes the gene pool’s allele frequencies.
does not change the gene pool’s allele frequencies.
keeps the phenotypes consistent.
is caused by radiation or chemicals.
26
A
B
C
D
A single-gene trait that has two alleles and that shows a simple dominant-recessive pattern will result in
one phenotype.
two phenotypes.
four phenotypes.
millions of phenotypes.
27
A
B
C
D
An example of a single-gene trait is
sickle cell anemia in humans.
fur color in cats.
length of snails.
beak size in the Galápagos finches.
28
A
B
C
D
The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends upon
the number of genes that control the trait.
which form of the trait is dominant.
the allele frequencies of the various alleles.
the relationship of allele frequencies to Mendelian ratios.
29
A
B
C
D
The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is most often illustrated as
a scatter plot.
a bell-shaped curve.
a pie chart.
a histogram.
30
A
B
C
D
A polygenic trait can have
many possible genotypes, but few possible phenotypes.
many possible genotypes, producing many possible phenotypes.
fewer phenotypes than most single-gene traits.
fewer genotypes than most single-gene traits.
31
A
B
C
D
Figure 17–1
One end of Figure 17–1 shows an increase in average beak size for a population of birds. When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness, the result is
directional selection.
stabilizing selection.
disruptive selection.
genetic drift.
32
A
B
C
D
Figure 17–2
Figure 17–2 shows highest fitness toward the center of the curve. When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness, the result is
not predictable.
disruptive selection.
directional selection.
stabilizing selection.
33
A
B
C
D
Figure 17–3
Figure 17–3 shows smaller and larger beaks in a population of finches. One group of birds has a short, parrotlike beak and another group has a long, narrow beak. What process has probably occurred?
directional selection
disruptive selection
stabilizing selection
genetic drift
34
A
B
C
D
If a mutation introduces a new skin color in a lizard population, which factor might determine whether the frequency of the new allele will increase?
how many other alleles are present
whether the mutation makes some lizards more fit for their environment than other lizards
how many phenotypes the population has
whether the mutation was caused by nature or by human intervention
35
A
B
C
D
In genetic drift, the allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of
mutations.
chance.
natural selection.
genetic equilibrium.
36
A
B
C
D
Genetic drift tends to occur in populations that
are very large.
are small.
are formed from new species.
have unchanging allele frequencies.
37
A
B
C
D
The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is called
the Hardy-Weinberg principle.
the founder effect.
directional selection.
stabilizing selection.
38
A
B
C
D
The situation in which allele frequencies in the gene pool of a population remain constant is called
evolution.
genetic drift.
genetic equilibrium.
natural selection.
39
A
B
C
D
One of the conditions required to maintain genetic equilibrium is
natural selection.
mutations.
nonrandom mating.
no immigration or emigration.
40
A
B
C
D
The genetic equilibrium of a population can be disturbed by each of the following EXCEPT
nonrandom mating.
immigration or emigration.
a large population size.
mutations.
Evolution Unit
Grade: «grade»
Subject: Biology
Date: «date»
1
A
B
C
D
The allele frequencies of a population are more likely to be disturbed if
the population size is increased.
no immigration or emigration occurs.
mating is not random.
the mutation rate decreases.
2
A
B
C
D
Which factor would most likely disrupt genetic equilibrium in a large population?
the production of large numbers of offspring
mating that is not random
the absence of emigration and immigration
the absence of mutations
3
A
B
C
D
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called
temporal isolation.
geographic isolation.
behavioral isolation.
genetic equilibrium.
4
A
B
C
D
A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species is
reproduction at different times.
geographic barriers.
different mating behaviors.
reproductive isolation.
5
A
B
C
D
Which of the following statements defines the members of a species?
They are temporally isolated from each other.
They are geographically isolated from each other.
They mate and produce offspring.
They have identical genes.
6
A
B
C
D
What situation might develop in a population having some plants whose flowers open at midday and other plants whose flowers open late in the day?
behavioral isolation
geographic isolation
temporal isolation
genetic drift
7
A
B
C
D
The geographic isolation of two populations of a species tends to increase differences between their gene pools because it
prevents interbreeding between the populations.
prevents interbreeding within each population.
causes temporal isolation of the two populations.
increases differences in courtship behavior.
8
A
B
C
D
Although they often live in the same habitat, the American toad breeds earlier in the spring than the Fowler’s toad does. What can be inferred from this information?
The two species do not interbreed because of geographic isolation.
The two species do not interbreed because of temporal isolation.
The two species interbreed throughout the spring season.
The American toad will cause the extinction of the Fowler’s toad.
9
A
B
C
D
The Galápagos finch species are an excellent example of
speciation.
genetic equilibrium.
stabilizing selection.
selection on single-gene traits.
10
A
B
C
D
Species Y and Z have very different proteins and genes. What is most likely true about these two species? Species Y
is older than Species Z.
is younger than Species Z.
evolved for a long time separately from Species Z.
shares a relatively recent common ancestor with Species Z.
11
A
B
C
D
What do Hox genes control?
gene duplication
mutations
patterns of embryological development
molecular clocks
12
A
B
C
D
The fossil record shows
that most organisms that ever lived on Earth are now extinct.
that only bones and teeth can become fossilized.
that fossils formed under many different conditions.
a complete record of every organism that ever existed on Earth.
13
A
B
C
D
Fossils usually provide paleontologists with information about each of the following EXCEPT an organism’s
structure.
environment.
way of life.
DNA.
14
A
B
C
D
The length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay is its
half-life.
relative date.
radioactive date.
period.
15
A
B
C
D
To compare the relative ages of rocks, scientists sometimes use an easily recognized and widespread fossil type called
a carbon fossil.
a radioactive fossil.
an index fossil.
a sedimentary fossil.
16
A
B
C
D
Figure 19–1
Look at Figure 19–1. Which of the following theories explains why the edges of Africa and South America fit together like two pieces of a puzzle?
endosymbiosis
macroevolution
plate tectonics
punctuated equilibrium
17
A
B
C
D
Paleontologists identify a new species of fossil on two different continents. What geological process would most likely responsible for this fossil being found in both places?
mountain building
continental drift
volcanic eruption
ocean and wind currents
18
A
B
C
D
In the past, mass extinctions encouraged the rapid evolution of surviving species
by changing developmental genes.
by making new habitats available to them.
because they killed all organisms that had coevolved.
because they spared all organisms that had evolved convergently.
19
A
B
C
D
Gradualism is a pattern of evolution in which
a single species evolves into several closely related species.
several distantly related species develop similarities.
a species evolves at a slow, steady pace.
a species has periods of little evolution interrupted by periods of rapid evolution.
20
A
B
C
D
A species at equilibrium migrates into a new environment and soon begins a period of rapid evolution. The type of evolution that occurred is most likely
adaptive radiation.
genetic mutation.
coevolution.
convergent evolution.
21
A
B
C
D
A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change is called
convergent evolution.
coevolution.
adaptive radiation.
punctuated equilibrium.
22
A
B
C
D
A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone
adaptive radiation.
coevolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
mass extinction.
23
A
B
C
D
Mass extinction would most likely result from which of the following events?
a disease kills off a single species of predator within an ecosystem
a wildfire burns a national park
global temperatures drop several degrees after several massive volcanic eruptions
a massive earthquake strikes North America
24
A
B
C
D
The process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other over time is called
convergent evolution.
adaptive radiation.
coevolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
25
A
B
C
D
Which of the following adaptations is most likely the result of coevolution?
a short strong beak in a bird that eats seeds
a crop in a migratory bird that eats seeds
a narrow beak in a bird that eats insects
a curved beak in a bird that eats from a single species of flower
26
A
B
C
D
Figure 19–2
In Figure 19–2, flowers and pollinating insects are examples of
convergent evolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
coevolution.
adaptive radiation.
27
A
B
C
D
A plant evolves a high level of poison that enables it to defend itself against insects. Soon an insect that prefers to eat this plant evolves an enzyme that breaks down the poison. This is an example of
convergent evolution.
punctuated equilibrium.
coevolution.
adaptive radiation.
28
A
B
C
D
Sexual reproduction contributes to genetic diversity by allowing
a single parent to pass along a complete set of unmixed genes to offspring.
unmixed genes from two parents to be passed to offspring.
genes from two parents to be mixed and remixed before being passed to offspring.
genes from a single parent to be mixed and remixed before being passed to offspring.