ewi workshop for technology roadmaps technology roadmap... · technology roadmap why technology...

1

Environment & Water Industry Development Council (EWI)

Building Singapore as the Global Hydrohub

EWI Workshop for Technology Roadmaps Dec 07



Technology Roadmap

Why Technology Roadmaps

• Drive and direct targeted R&D areas (directed R&D)

• Develop R&D capabilities

• Develop local water technologies

First 2 Roadmaps to roll-out:

- Bio-processes Technologies (BT)

- Chemical & Redox Technologies (CRT)

2



Technology Scanning

Identified Technologies / Capabilities for Singapore-based entities to develop

Identify Drivers: Commercial potential Knowledge of market

Detailed Technology Roadmaps

Technology Roadmap

Academia Inputs



Technology Roadmap - Bioprocess

Technologies

3



Why Biological Processes?

•• Most frequently encountered process in Most frequently encountered process in large wastewater treatment facilitylarge wastewater treatment facility

•• Largest component of a wastewater Largest component of a wastewater treatment facilitytreatment facility

•• Broad range of applications:Broad range of applications:–– Preliminary treatment for water reclamationPreliminary treatment for water reclamation

–– Energy recoveryEnergy recovery

•• Opportunities for change:Opportunities for change:–– ““LowLow”” energy systemsenergy systems

–– BiBioconversion for energy recoveryoconversion for energy recovery

–– BioBio--resource recoveryresource recovery

–– Sludge MinimizationSludge Minimization



•• Targets:Targets:

–– Reduce energy costs Reduce energy costs

–– Reduce sludge disposal costsReduce sludge disposal costs

•• Proposed Technologies:Proposed Technologies:

–– OsmoticOsmotic--Membrane BioreactorsMembrane Bioreactors

–– Cyclic Cyclic MBRsMBRs

–– Deflocculated ProcessesDeflocculated Processes

–– Low Substrate Anaerobic ProcessesLow Substrate Anaerobic Processes

Overview of Bioprocess Roadmap Overview of Bioprocess Roadmap

4



•• Integration of forward osmosis membrane (FO) separation into Integration of forward osmosis membrane (FO) separation into

activated sludge processesactivated sludge processes

•• BiomassBiomass--effluent separation is achieved by the natural osmosis effluent separation is achieved by the natural osmosis

processprocess

Potential BenefitsPotential Benefits::

•• Reduced energy requirementsReduced energy requirements

•• FO as additional barrier against emerging contaminants, such as FO as additional barrier against emerging contaminants, such as

POPsPOPs, , PPCPsPPCPs etc.etc.

•• FO draw solution used directly for downstream RO process, and FO draw solution used directly for downstream RO process, and

can presumably create less operation and maintenance issues for can presumably create less operation and maintenance issues for

the ROthe RO

1. Osmotic1. Osmotic--Membrane Bioreactors Membrane Bioreactors



OsmoticOsmotic--Membrane Bioreactors: Current StatusMembrane Bioreactors: Current Status

Demonstration plant:

Engineering & piloting:

Process enhancement:

Process Development:

- Aeration- Energy balance- Membrane integrity

- Reactor design- Membrane module design- O&M protocols

- Biological Nutrient Removal- Effluent Quality- Biomass yield

- Biomass development- Membrane development

Year 6

Year 5

Year 4

Year 3

Year 2

Year 1

Areas of Research:Areas of Research:

1.1. Effect of draw solution investigated by Effect of draw solution investigated by

a group in Yale University, and in a group in Yale University, and in

NUSNUS

2.2. Osmotic MBR pilot unit is jointly tested Osmotic MBR pilot unit is jointly tested

by PUB and KIWA using domestic by PUB and KIWA using domestic

wastewater. Key challenges identified:wastewater. Key challenges identified:

•• Membrane material Membrane material

•• Draw solutionDraw solution

3.3. Application of FO membrane directly Application of FO membrane directly

submerged into activated sludge is submerged into activated sludge is

limitedlimited

5



Research Requirements:Research Requirements:

1.1. FO Membrane DevelopmentFO Membrane Development

•• FO membrane characteristics (e.g. membrane thickness)FO membrane characteristics (e.g. membrane thickness)

•• FO membrane module designFO membrane module design

2.2. Draw SolutionDraw Solution

•• Nature of draw soluteNature of draw solute

•• PostPost--treatment for separating purified watertreatment for separating purified water

•• Recovery of draw soluteRecovery of draw solute

3.3. Process EnhancementProcess Enhancement

•• Biological nutrient removalBiological nutrient removal

•• Sludge minimizationSludge minimization

OsmoticOsmotic--Membrane Bioreactors Membrane Bioreactors



2. Cyclic 2. Cyclic MBRsMBRs

•• MBRsMBRs operated in sequential batch modeoperated in sequential batch mode

•• Biomass is exposed to cyclic aerobic, anoxic and Biomass is exposed to cyclic aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditionsanaerobic conditions

Potential Benefits:Potential Benefits:

•• Advantages associated with Advantages associated with MBRsMBRs, i.e. consistent and , i.e. consistent and low SS effluent quality, high organic loading rate etc.low SS effluent quality, high organic loading rate etc.


6



2. Cyclic 2. Cyclic MBRsMBRs: Current Status: Current Status

Year 6

Year 5

Year 4

Year 3

Year 2

Year 1

Demonstration plant:- System integration in water reclamation


- Side-stream - Immersed - Aeration


- Biological Nutrient Removal- Effluent Quality - Biomass yield


- Granulation- Bulking Control- Foaming control- Membrane fouling control

Related Areas:Related Areas:

Submerged membranes have been Submerged membranes have been

integrated into the aerobic tanks of a integrated into the aerobic tanks of a

multimulti--stage anaerobic, anoxic and stage anaerobic, anoxic and

aerobic BNR processes at both pilot aerobic BNR processes at both pilot

and fulland full--scale levels.scale levels.


A few benchA few bench--scale studies of scale studies of

submerged membrane submerged membrane SBRsSBRs for for

BNR have been reported.BNR have been reported.




1.1. Process DevelopmentProcess Development

•• Suspended Suspended vsvs granulated biomassgranulated biomass

•• Biological process controlBiological process control

•• Membrane foulingMembrane fouling



•• Nutrient recoveryNutrient recovery

Piloting and Demonstration Requirements:Piloting and Demonstration Requirements:

1.1. Main treatment Main treatment vsvs sideside--stream treatmentstream treatment

2.2. System integration in water reclamationSystem integration in water reclamation

Cyclic Cyclic MBRsMBRs

7



3. Deflocculated Processes 3. Deflocculated Processes

•• Activated sludge process deliberately operated to Activated sludge process deliberately operated to

maintain biomass in dispersed form, or near bulking maintain biomass in dispersed form, or near bulking

conditions.conditions.


•• Reduced dissolved oxygen requirementsReduced dissolved oxygen requirements



Deflocculated Processes: Current StatusDeflocculated Processes: Current Status

Year 6

Year 5

Year 4

Year 3

Year 2

Year 1

Demonstration plant

- New plant case- Retrofit case


- Reactor design- PC&A - O&M protocols- Retrofit protocols


- Biological Nutrient Removal- Effluent Quality - Biomass yield- Process control & automation (PC&A)


- Filamentous control- DO Control- Liquid-solids disengagement- Sludge dewatering


Pilot plant systems deliberately Pilot plant systems deliberately

operated to promote near filamentous operated to promote near filamentous

bulking conditionsbulking conditions


•• Studies in deflocculated activated Studies in deflocculated activated

sludge are focused on sludge are focused on reflocculationreflocculation..

•• Little research is aimed at using Little research is aimed at using

dispersed dispersed flocsflocs..

8





•• SolidsSolids--liquid separationliquid separation

•• Sludge dewateringSludge dewatering



•• Effluent qualityEffluent quality

•• Process control and automationProcess control and automation



1.1. Reactor DesignReactor Design

2.2. Process control and automationProcess control and automation

3.3. Retrofitting protocolsRetrofitting protocols

Deflocculated Systems Deflocculated Systems



4. Low Substrate Anaerobic Processes 4. Low Substrate Anaerobic Processes

•• A possible environmentally sustainable technology for A possible environmentally sustainable technology for wastewater treatmentwastewater treatment

•• Novel anaerobic processes that can be applied to the Novel anaerobic processes that can be applied to the treatment of lowtreatment of low--strength wastewaters like domestic strength wastewaters like domestic wastewaterwastewater


•• Net energy producing processNet energy producing process

•• Sludge minimizationSludge minimization

•• Achieve biodegradation of organic compounds that are Achieve biodegradation of organic compounds that are recalcitrant aerobically, e.g. halogenated and phenyl recalcitrant aerobically, e.g. halogenated and phenyl compounds compounds

9



Low Substrate Anaerobic Processes: Low Substrate Anaerobic Processes:

Current Status Current Status

Year 6

Year 5

Year 4

Year 3

Year 2

Year 1

Demonstration plant:

- Energy balance


- Reactor design- O&M protocols


- Effluent Quality - Gas quality & yield


- Granulation- Biofilm- Cyclic processing


BenchBench--scale studies of anaerobic scale studies of anaerobic MBRsMBRs

for domestic wastewater treatment.for domestic wastewater treatment.


Application of UASB for domestic Application of UASB for domestic

wastewater treatmentwastewater treatment


Integrated anaerobicIntegrated anaerobic--aerobic process for aerobic process for

domestic wastewater treatmentdomestic wastewater treatment





•• Suspended Suspended vsvs granulated granulated vsvs biofilmsbiofilms



•• Effluent qualityEffluent quality

•• Gas quality and yieldGas quality and yield


1.1. Reactor designReactor design

2.2. Energy balanceEnergy balance

Low Substrate Anaerobic Processes Low Substrate Anaerobic Processes

10



Targets: Energy and Sludge minimization -Reduce energy costs

-Reduce sludge management costs

Targets: Energy and Sludge minimization Targets: Energy and Sludge minimization --Reduce energy costs Reduce energy costs

--Reduce sludge management costsReduce sludge management costs

Cyclic MBRCyclic MBRCyclic MBRCyclic MBR



THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Contact person:

Pang Chee Meng

[email protected]

11



Technology Roadmap Technology Roadmap Technology Roadmap Technology Roadmap –––– Chemical Chemical Chemical Chemical RedoxRedoxRedoxRedox



Why Chemical Redox Technologies?

•• Potential in water & wastewater, air, wastes (sludge, soil)Potential in water & wastewater, air, wastes (sludge, soil)

•• Increasing numbers of emerging and trace contaminants Increasing numbers of emerging and trace contaminants

•• Ability to degrade recalcitrant/nonAbility to degrade recalcitrant/non--biodegradable contaminants. biodegradable contaminants.

•• Actively researched Actively researched –– opportunity for knowledge transferopportunity for knowledge transfer

•• Potentially many emerging technologies in this categoryPotentially many emerging technologies in this category

•• Benefits to adjacent clusters: electronics (UPW), chemicals, Benefits to adjacent clusters: electronics (UPW), chemicals, photovoltaic clean energy, pharmaceuticalphotovoltaic clean energy, pharmaceutical

12



Overview of Chemical Redox Roadmap

Targets:Targets:••Improve water qualityImprove water quality

••Improve treatment efficiencyImprove treatment efficiency

••Treatment technique for specific waste streamTreatment technique for specific waste stream

••Reduce chemical usage in treatment processesReduce chemical usage in treatment processes

••Reduce residuesReduce residues

Proposed TechnologiesProposed Technologies1. TiO1. TiO22 Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)

2.2. Silver DisinfectionSilver Disinfection

3.3. Sulfate Radicals Advanced Oxidation ProcessSulfate Radicals Advanced Oxidation Process



1.1. TiOTiO22 Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)

•• Production of oxidative hydroxyl radicals in the Production of oxidative hydroxyl radicals in the presence of TiOpresence of TiO22 and energy of light, UV < 380nm. and energy of light, UV < 380nm.

Potential Benefits:Potential Benefits:•• Possibility of simultaneous disinfection, oxidative and Possibility of simultaneous disinfection, oxidative and

reductive reactionsreductive reactions

•• Complete mineralization of recalcitrant/nonComplete mineralization of recalcitrant/non--biodegradable biodegradable organics: COorganics: CO22 and waterand water

•• Minimal/no waste disposal problemMinimal/no waste disposal problem

•• Oxidation of pollutants at low/trace level (ppb)Oxidation of pollutants at low/trace level (ppb)

•• Draw on solar technology to reduce operating costDraw on solar technology to reduce operating cost

13



TiOTiO22 Photocatalytic Oxidation: Current StatusPhotocatalytic Oxidation: Current Status

PUB Pilot testing (engineeringPUB Pilot testing (engineering

prospectprospect ) ) -- Reduction in

membrane fouling with the use of

TiO2

Active area of researchActive area of research- Modifications of TiO2

- Effectiveness of TiO2 oxidation on emerging

organic compounds

- Solar Incorporation

Limited Limited industrial wastewaterindustrial wastewater

treatment applications:treatment applications:1. SOLARDETOX® - Solar/TiO2/Fe

(pesticides)



•• Research Requirements:Research Requirements:

1. Improve quantum efficiency, solar incorporation1. Improve quantum efficiency, solar incorporation

TiOTiO22 Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)

2 Reduction of mass transfer resistances in immobilized Reduction of mass transfer resistances in immobilized

systemsystem

3. Hybrid system3. Hybrid system

HH22OO22, O, O33, ultrasound, biological processes, , ultrasound, biological processes,

membranemembrane

1 + 11 + 11 + 11 + 1 + 1+ 1+ 1+ 1

4. Inconsistency in complex effluent compositions, possibility Inconsistency in complex effluent compositions, possibility

of higher toxicity intermediatesof higher toxicity intermediates

5. Opportunity of PCO in enhancement of municipal wastewater Opportunity of PCO in enhancement of municipal wastewater

treatment??treatment??

14



•• Silver is known for its disinfection Silver is known for its disinfection

properties, originating from the use of properties, originating from the use of

coppercopper--silver ionization (CSI) silver ionization (CSI)

•• Powerful effects against bacteria / virus Powerful effects against bacteria / virus


•• Minimize production of disinfectionMinimize production of disinfection--byby--

products: products: THMsTHMs, chloroform etc, chloroform etc

•• Silver ions possess Silver ions possess residual disinfection residual disinfection

effect effect

2.2. Silver Disinfection Silver Disinfection



Silver Disinfection: Current StatusSilver Disinfection: Current Status

•• Commercial water treatment Commercial water treatment

applications:applications:

-- NanoparticlesNanoparticles SilverSolSilverSolTMTM (cooling (cooling

water system, algaecide)water system, algaecide)

-- NanosilverNanosilver activated carbon filter activated carbon filter ––

small scale residential usage small scale residential usage

15



•• Research RequirementsResearch Requirements

1. 1. Process DevelopmentProcess Development

–– Effectiveness on emerging pathogensEffectiveness on emerging pathogens

–– Applicability in drinking water production??Applicability in drinking water production??

–– Disinfection control and optimizationDisinfection control and optimization


-- Synergistic effect of combined technologiesSynergistic effect of combined technologies

3. 3. Piloting and Demonstration Requirements:Piloting and Demonstration Requirements:

-- System designSystem design

-- Operation & maintenance issues Operation & maintenance issues

Silver DisinfectionSilver Disinfection



3. Sulphate radicals (SR)

•• Sulphate radicals ( ) possess high oxidation power, Sulphate radicals ( ) possess high oxidation power,

equivalent to hydroxyl radicalsequivalent to hydroxyl radicals

•• More stable than hydroxyl radicalsMore stable than hydroxyl radicals

•• Emerging water treatment technologyEmerging water treatment technology

−•

4SO

Oxidants

Fluorine Sulphate

Radical

Hydroxyl

Radical

Ozone Hydrogen

Peroxide

Chlorine

Oxidation

Power, V

3.0 2.5 - 3.1 2.8 2.1 1.8 1.4 2.8

16



Methods to produce Methods to produce SRsSRs

1.1. Direct UV irradiation of Direct UV irradiation of peroxymonosulphateperoxymonosulphate or or monopersulphatemonopersulphate

2.2. Coupling of Coupling of peroxymonosulphateperoxymonosulphate and and monopersulphatemonopersulphate with transition with transition metal (cobalt, silver, iron)metal (cobalt, silver, iron)

Sulphate Radicals (Sulphate Radicals (SRsSRs): Current Status): Current Status




- Understanding of SRUnderstanding of SR--AOP oxidation mechanismsAOP oxidation mechanisms

-- Investigate ways to catalyze formation of Investigate ways to catalyze formation of SRsSRs

-- Explore its applicability in water treatment domainExplore its applicability in water treatment domain

-- Solar enhancement???Solar enhancement???

-- Disinfection properties???Disinfection properties???

Sulphate Radicals (Sulphate Radicals (SRsSRs))

17





THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Contact person:

Jodie Chin

[email protected]

ewi workshop for technology roadmaps technology roadmap... · technology roadmap why technology...

Documents