exam 2 review
DESCRIPTION
Exam 2 Review. Chapter 5 Data Resource Management Database Terminology Types of Relationships Comparison to File Systems Labs Introduction to Databases Wagemart Scheduling (DSS) Supply Chain Mgmt. & RFID Fund Trading Lab (DSS). Student Presentations & Related Reading (see website) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exam 2 Review
Topics
Chapter 5 Data Resource Management Database Terminology Types of Relationships Comparison to File Systems
Labs Introduction to Databases Wagemart Scheduling (DSS) Supply Chain Mgmt. & RFID Fund Trading Lab (DSS)
Student Presentations &Related Reading (see website) DBMS CRM ERP SCM EIS DSS GIS
Expert System will be on the final but not this exam
First, understand the big picture.
Historical Perspective
Information Systems were initially designed to meet the needs of traditional functional areas of business
Accounting
Finance
Human Resources
Production or Operations
Marketing
CRM System
Modern View
Enterprise Systems are so valuable and superior, Functional System are rarely developed anymore
An Enterprise System can replace several Functional Systems
AccountingSystem
FinanceSystem
HR System
Production or Operations (PCS)
MarketingSystem
Oracle Siebel
Modern IS Systems
The big software developers (Oracle for example), now sell Enterprise Systems (cross-functional), not functional systems. i.e., they don’t sell a marketing System, but they do sell a
CRM system. Why?
Used byAccounting
FinanceSystem
HR System
Essential for Operations
Used by Marketing
CRM System
Accounting System
In the Real World
You might use more than one Enterprise System. Example, if you work in Accounting, you might use 2 different
Enterprise Systems and one functional system.
AccountingFinance Human
Resources
Production
Marketing
ERP System
CRM System
Accounting System
Why this course matters
Accountant’s without a back-ground in MIS might not understand the roles these three systems play and why all three are necessary.
AccountingFinance Human
Resources
Production
Marketing
ERP System
CRM System
Accounting System
Key Principle
These system exist because of common goals and the need to share information.
Business Processes are not isolated to one area
AccountingFinance Human
Resources
Production
Marketing
ERP System
Traditional Classification(Types of Systems)
Information Systems
Operations Support Systems
Management Support Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Process Control Systems (PCS)
Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Information Systems (EIS)
Modern View
But, Cross-Functional Systems are so complex, they do not fit into one category. Information
Systems
Operations Support Systems
Management Support Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Process Control Systems (PCS)
Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Information Systems (EIS)
CRM System
WTF?
Q: Why did we study the different types if modern systems rarely fit one specific type?
A: Some basic systems still fit perfectly into a category Example: Outlook is just an ECS.
A: Some enterprise system lack a certain characteristic. Example: A poorly design CRM may not have any
DSS characteristics.
In the Real World
Does this mean an ERP system replaces all these other systems?
Information Systems
Operations Support Systems
Management Support Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Process Control Systems (PCS)
Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Information Systems (EIS)
ERP System
In the Real World It means that an ERP system has some of the
characteristics of all these types of systems. But, you still might need a basic TPS to handle your point
of sale operations and ECS to collaborate.
Information Systems
Operations Support Systems
Management Support Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Process Control Systems (PCS)
Enterprise Collaboration Systems (ECS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Executive Information Systems (EIS)
Peoplesoft
Outlook
Cash Register System (POS)
Second, make sure you understand databases
Almost all information systems have an underlying database
Basic Information System ArchitectureForms
Reports
Charts
Applications
Algorithms
User Interface
Queries
DBMS
Information Systems that transform Data into something more useful…
Database:Tables RelationshipsMetadata
User
Logical vs. Physical
Forms
Reports
Charts
Applications
Algorithms
User Interface
Queries
DBMS
Information Systems
Database
User
Physical Access Layerhow to actually fetch the data from a hard disk or server
Logical Access Layerhow to access the DBMS
Why Databases are so great… Database Management System (DBMS)
does all the nitty-gritty work. Information Systems just have to deal with
Logical (high-level) Access.
Physical Access Layerhow to actually fetch the data from a hard disk or server
Logical Access Layerhow to access the DBMS
DBMS
Before Databases
Marketing Application
These Information Systems are custom built based on the data (documents, files, spreadsheets)
Customer Data Docs
Inventory Management System (TPS)
Financial Calculator Tool
SpecialInventory Data File
Financial Spreadsheets
SalesTeam
Warehouse Manager
VP of Finance
Functional Systems built with DBMS
Marketing System
DBMS
These Information Systems are now Database Applications
Customer Data
Inventory Management System (TPS)
Finance System
Inventory Data
Financial Data
SalesTeam
Warehouse Manager
VP of Finance
Enterprise Systems built with DBMS
CRM System
DBMS
These Information Systems are now Database Applications
Customer Data
Inventory Management System (TPS)
ERP System
Inventory Data
Financial Data
SalesTeam
Warehouse Manager
VP of Finance
Databases But, databases are not just a bunch of tables
A database also includes relationships between the different tables
CustomersCID FName LName Address
508 Eric Breimer ...
509 Andrew Zych ...
510 Greg Smith ...
ProductsPID Description Cost
199 Viagra $45.99
200 Tooth Paste $2.58
201 Hair Gel $5.99
OrdersOID CID PID Quantity
001 508 199 500,000
002 508 201 2
003 510 201 1
Types of Relationships
One to One
ThingA ThingB
Relationship
Man Woman
Married
Types of Relationships
One to Many
Faculty
Student
Student
Student
Advises
Get Advisement
Types of Relationships
Many to Many
course has a student
student takes course
Course
Student
Student
StudentCourse
Student
Supply Chain Management Systems Remember Lindsey and Deanna’s
presentation.
Process of SCM:
SCM systems assist with flow of Raw materials Producing products Providing service Delivering the product to the end consumer.
Goals of an SCM system:
Speed Efficiency Reduce Cost Improve Supply chain cycle times (to get a
company’s products from concept to market)
Five Basic Components:
1. Plan
2. Source
3. Make
4. Deliver
5. Return
Third, review student presentations
See the website…
Also, the website tells you the corresponding reading.
Know the supply chain…
This wasn’t adequately covered in any of the presentations.
What if there aren’t enough bikes in Finished Inventory?
What if you don’t have enough bike parts?
SCM Example
Supply Chain Systems are so complicated that its sometimes hard to see simple solutions.
Simple Solution: The guy who orders parts queries the Finished Inventory Database and the Orders Database.
In the older system, he only looked at the Parts database to see if they should re-order parts.
SCM Fundamentals
Implementing and then using an SCM can re-engineer a company. This could improve the company’s operations
significantly Leads to Strategic Advantage
However, notice that an SCM system if very Operational Its used everyday to support the core business
process. ERP systems are very different…
ERP Systems
So how are they different than SCM Systems? The key is the word “Planning” Planning is a forward thinking process
Planning for next year… Supply Chain management
Planning for your next order Implementing and using an ERP can re-engineer a
company in even more strategic ways. SCM system are more focused on ….?
ERP Example
Remember the presentation by…
Shalagh, Tara, and Kristen
One ERP System:Peoplesoft Peoplesoft by ORACLE Helps Companies with: Customer Relationship Management Financial Management Supply Chain Management Project Management Asset Lifecyle Management Sales and Other Application
ERP ADVANTAGES Complete orders faster Fewer errors Security features to protect against outside
crime Better customer service Improved efficiency and productivity Easier to share data across departments Complete revenue cycle faster
Do you get it?
What’s more likely…
An ERP system has a CRM and SCM built into it.
A SCM system has an ERP and CRM built into it.
Here is another distinction
SCM system help deliver products to customers faster…
CRM systems can also help with this…
But, CRM system are more focused on things like Customer Service Improving Sales Marketing Support
Remember Ken & Nicole’s presentation… Sales - Marketing
Marketing & Customer Service Customer service could
be an operational devision.
Training - HR
CRM and Human Resources
Professional Development
Performance Management
Human Resource Development & Compensation
Players Within a CRM
Customer Advocates & Experience Designers
Performance Managers & Marketing Analysts
Customer & Employee Surveyors & Analysts
Input
Database with: Customer’s interactions with the organization Support information Requests Complaints Interviews Survey responses
DSS
Julie, Lizzy, and Mike’s presentation is a must see…
Why Use a DSS?
Linear Programming
Regression Analysis
Decision Trees
Forecasting
Analytical Modeling
Type of Modeling
Example
What-if analysis If we raised our advertising budget by 15% of our employees, what would happen to sales?
Sensitivity analysis
Continuously raise our advertising budget by 1% to monitor its relationship to sales
Goal-seeking analysis
Increase our advertising budget until sales reach $10 million
Optimization analysis
What number of advertisements maximizes our overall profit?
In the real world…
Most Management Information Systems are now so interactive that….
Every MIS is really a DSS.
Interactivity and Data Modeling are the key ingredients that distinguish a DSS from an MIS.
Where do GIS’s fit in?
There are a new kind of DSS that integrates geographic data with regular table-based data. Maps + Spatial Data + Tables
See the presentation by Jill, Will, and Stacey…
Things to look at: Raster vs. Vector
EIS: The top of the pyramid
A picture is worth a thousand words:
An Executive
EIS
MIS DSSCRM
MISMIS TPS
SCM
PCS
External Data
EIS
see Larissa &Ciara’s slides for more details…