EXAM III REVIEW1)EXAM III Wednesday May 9th-

Noon- 1:30pm This Room

2) Material not posted last lecture- You are not responsible for!However, extra credit questions relating to the materialmay be on the final

3)Homework/Quizzes- 10 Total – Can miss one without penaltyTo receive one more additional homework credit- Submit Answers to Exam Study Guide Questions (Located at End of Each Unit III Homework Assignment) by

Exam Day

4) Office Hours: This Week: Tues and Thurs 10:30am-12:30pm

Mon and Tues 10:30am-12:30pm

5) Grades due Noon Friday the 11th - To Review EXAM III – Email me for appointment or check website for times. I am happy to meet with students this summer (or even in the fall) at a mutually convenient time.

1. M-CDK Activity is required for the Metaphase to Anaphase Transition to Occur during Mitosis.

TRUE

G2 PROPHASE PROMETAPHASE

Centrosomes(with centriole pairs) Chromatin

(duplicated)

Aster

CentromereFragmentsof nuclearenvelope

Kinetochore

Nucleolus Nuclearenvelope

Plasma membrane

Kinetochore microtubule

Nonkinetochoremicrotubules

What are centrosomes composed of???

2. Duplication of DNA and Centrioles occurs during S phase.

TRUE

3. Activation of initiator caspases can only occur as a result of cytochrome C release from the mitochondria inner membrane space.

FALSEExtrinsic Pathway- Signaling through Death Receptors:

Ligand Bound Death ReceptorsAdaptor Protein AssociationInitiator Caspase Recruitment and ActivationEffector Caspases Activated

Don’t worry about details of Extrinsic Pathway

4. Assembly of newly synthesized collagen fibrils occurs inside the Golgi prior to secretion

FALSE

Fibrils and FibersOnly Assemble After Secretion

5. The Basal Lamina is a specialized form of connective tissue underlying an epithelium.

FALSE

What are the key components of the Basal Lamina??

6. Neural Crest Cells Escape from Neural Epithelium by Downregulating N-Cadherin Expression

TRUE

7. The assembly of cohesions and condensins onto sister chromatids is dependent upon M-CDK activity

FALSE

S-phase Prophase

8. Nucleotide hydrolysis plays a similar role in actin polymerization and tubulin polymerization

True

9. ATP hydrolysis of Actin Monomers drives Skeletal Muscle Contraction.

FALSE

Know the structural and regulatory proteins of sarcomere!

10. The Heads of Kinesin and Myosin II motors can associate with their respective filaments independent of nucleotide.

TRUE

11. Microtubules in the cell form a structural framework for all of the following except:

A) Holding internal organelles such as ER in place

B) Moving materials from one place to another in the cell

C) Strengthening the Plasma Membrane

D) Movement of Sister Chromatids during M-phase

E) None of the Above

CWhich filaments are involved in strengthening the PM??

12. A particular cell has half as much DNA as some of the other cells in a mitotically active Tissue. The cell in question is most likely in:

A) G1

B) G2

C) Prophase

D) Metaphase

E) Anaphase

A

13. The drug cytocholasin B blocks the function of Actin. Which of the following aspects of the cell cycle would be most disrupted by cytocholasin B?

A) Spindle Formation

B) Spindle Attachment to Kinetochores

C) DNA synthesis

D) Cell elongation during anaphase

E) Cleavage Furrow FormationE

14. Which of the following cell cycle defects would cause cells to arrest in early G1?

A) A mutation in a cell surface mitogen receptor that made it active even in the absence of its mitogen ligand

B) A mutation that destroyed the kinase activity of S-CDK complex

C) A mutation that removed the phosphorylation sites of Rb protein.

D) A mutation that prevents RAS from hydrolyzing GTP. E) None of the Above

C

15. Which of the following can be associated with an adherens junctions, but not desmosomes and hemidesmosomes?

A) Cadherins

B) Integrins

C) Myosin

D) Intermediate filaments

E) Microtubules

C

16. Proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix of animal tissues:

A) Provide Tensile Strength

B) Are linked to microtubules through the plasma membrane

C) Are polysaccharides composed of glucose subunits

D) Provide resistance to compression

E) None of the Above D

17. Any blastomere removed from an 8 cell mammalian embryo can develop into a normal late stage embryo. This finding supports the idea that:

A) Only the fertilized egg is totipotent.B) Mammalian cleavage is rotational.C) Cell divisions producing the earliest

blastomeres do not result in asymmetrical distribution of cytoplasmic determinants.

D) Zygotic Transcription in the mammal begins prior to the 8 cell stage.

E) None of the Above C

18. An Oncogene:

A) Can be activated as a result of a single point mutation in a proto-oncogene.

B) Can be activated by overexpression of a proto-oncogene

C) Can encode proteins that are not directly involved in regulating cell-cycle progression

D) A and B

E) A, B and C E

19. Which of these characteristics of cancer cells grown in vitro would likely most directly arise from an alteration in Cell-ECM interactions?

A) Reduced Requirement for Growth Factors

B) Loss of Anchorage Dependence

C) Immortilization

D) Contact Inhibition

E) None of the Above B

Homework 19 and 20

1. What is MOMPS ? Why is it a critical feature of the Intrinsic Pathway of Apoptosis.

Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization

2. How does the Bcl-2 family of proteins function to regulate Apoptosis?

Bcl-2 Family – Regulate whether MOMPs Occurs

1) Anti-Apoptotic Factors - Death Inhibitors

A) Function to Inhibit MOMPs

2) Pro-Apoptotic Factors- Death Activators A) Bind and Inhibit Death Inhibitors

B) Directly cause MOMP to Stimulate Release of Cytochrome C ( BAX AND BAK)

3. What is a Caspase?

Cysteine Proteases that Cleave at Aspartic Acid Residues

What are the two types of caspases and what are their functions?

Initiators- Cleave Effectors to set off cascade Effector (Executioner)- Cleave targets and other

Effectors

How is the activity of caspases regulated by the cell?

Proteolytic Cleavage

4. What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor? Does the first cell that gives rise to a tumor need to exhibit all the

characteristics of the tumor? Why or why not?

-Malignant Tumors invade surrounding tissues and can metastasize (spread via blood or lymphatic system)to other parts of the body

5. What specific properties of cancer cells allow them to metastasize?

• Less Adhesive- not regulated as strictly by cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions

• Secrete Proteases that Cleave ECM

• Secrete Angiogenic Factors- Promote formation of blood vessels- for oxygen, nutrients, and facilitate metastasis

6. What are Cadherins? How do they function in cell adhesion? What types of cell junctions are

they specifically involved?

1) Responsible for Ca2+ Dependent Cell-Cell Adhesion in Vertebrates

2) Typically A Single Pass Transmembrane Glycoprotein

7. What are key differences in how epithelial and connective tissues are organized and maintained?

(Role of ECM, cell-cell junctions)