exam preparation for catalunya

BATXILERGOA BACHARELAT

O

BACH

ILL

ERATO BATXILLERAT Key2nd edition

4

Exam preparation for Catalunya

4843157 Key 2e Exam practice bookletindd 14843157 Key 2e Exam practice bookletindd 1 11052021 134111052021 1341

1Great Clarendon Street Oxford ox2 6dp United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universityrsquos objective of excellence in research scholarship and education by publishing worldwide Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

copy Oxford University Press 2021

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

First published in 2021 2025 2024 2023 2022 202110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

No unauthorized photocopying

All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press or as expressly permitted by law by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department Oxford University Press at the address above

You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer

Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work

isbn 978 0 19 484315 7

Printed in Spain

This book is printed on paper from certified and well-managed sources

acknowledgements

Back cover photograph Oxford University Press buildingDavid Fisher

Reading practice Listening practice and Exam practice pages by Paul Kelly and Liz Hammond


3

Exam practice

Contents

Contents

Reading practicePage 4

1 The science behind taking risks

2 Looking for light in the sky

3 Ada Lovelace the first computer programmer

4 Curious sporting competitions

5 How to waste less food

6 Assessing the problem of wrongful convictions

7 Recipes for natural cosmetics

8 A new approach to learning

Listening practice2

1 A conversation about shopping

2 A presentation about athletes

3 A debate about space

4 An interview about hikikomori

5 Eight situations

6 An interview about food banks

7 A presentation about steampunks

8 A debate about protesting

Exam practicePage 16

1 How to be happy

2 The future of mankind

3 How real do we want our films to be

4 The challenges of intergenerational workplaces

5 The science of applause

6 Cargotecture

7 Making society better through lasting changes

8 The negative effects of all-inclusive holidays

9 Selling a lifestyle

10 How PE became part of the curriculum

11 Does science fiction really talk about the future

12 The positive effects of technology

Writing worksheetsPage 40

1 A summary

2 A narrative

3 A problem-solution essay

4 An opinion essay

5 A review of a show

6 A formal email

7 A report

8 A for and against essay


4 Reading practice

Reading 1

Read the magazine article Choose A B C or D in each question below Only one choice is correct

1 What do Buzz Aldrin and Conrad Anker have in commonA They both take big risksB They have both been into outer spaceC They both climb dangerous mountainsD They have both come close to losing their lives

on an expedition

2 In his research Professor Zald studied hellipA 34 menB more men than womenC 17 men and 17 womenD mainly women

3 The participants in Professor Zaldrsquos study had to hellipA answer questions about risk-taking whilst having

a brain scanB do something exciting and then talk about itC take a pill containing the chemical dopamineD have a brain scan whilst doing something

exciting

4 How is dopamine linked with risk-takingA It discourages people from taking risksB It makes people feel good when they take a riskC It is produced in the same quantity by everybody

when they take a riskD It can be taken to reduce fear of risk-taking

5 Which type of people are most likely to take risksA menB adultsC teenagersD everybody equally

6 What might cause teenagers to take risksA They donrsquot produce enough dopamineB They want to be different from their parentsC They want people to worry about themD They want their friends to be impressed

Astronaut Buzz Aldrin and mountaineer Conrad Anker are big risk-takers But what does it mean to lsquotake a riskrsquo Aldrin said that lsquorisk means putting your life your mission hellip in jeopardyrsquo and in doing so we risk losing everything Anker said that lsquorisk is the price of explorationrsquo ndash itrsquos something risk-takers do knowing that they lsquomight not come backrsquo

While the risks taken by Aldrin and Anker are extreme forms of risk-taking for most people taking a risk means participating in activities such as dangerous sports like sky-diving or deep-sea diving For adolescents it can mean staying out past a curfew not doing your homework or styling your hair in unusual ways These activities and actions make people feel good in some way

The question is though why does it feel so good to take a risk Research carried out by psychology Professor David Zald of Vanderbilt University studied the behaviour of 34 people (equal numbers of men and women) Professor Zald and his research team asked participants questions based on characteristics such as decision-making doing things spontaneously breaking rules and looking for new experiences These characteristics are linked with risk-taking The scientists then used brain scans to examine levels of the chemical dopamine in the brain while the participants carried out an exciting activity

The research showed that dopamine plays an important role in risk-taking Risk-takers produced more dopamine during exciting activities than people who donrsquot usually take risks This release of dopamine gives risk-takers a bigger lsquothrillrsquo and leads them to continue doing risky or exciting activities so that they can maintain this feeling Professor Zald explained that levels of dopamine increase when we receive any kind of reward and this makes us feel good Rewards can be anything from food to recognition among peers

This helps to explain why on average teenagers are more likely to take part in risky activities than older people Not only do teenagers produce more dopamine than adults but they are also more influenced by what their peers think about them As a result they are more likely to consider the rewards which come when participating in risky activities than a possible negative outcome ndash something most worried parents fail to recognize

The science behind taking risks


5Reading practice

Reading 2

Reading practice

Reading 2

Read the blog Choose A B C or D in each question below Only one choice is correct

1 The aurora borealis will be particularly impressive hellipA tonight onlyB tomorrow night onlyC over the next 48 hoursD for around two months

2 Since 2007 on which nights has the Imagine Peace Tower been lit upA on the anniversary of John Lennonrsquos birthB on the anniversary of John Lennonrsquos deathC from 9 October to 8 DecemberD every night

3 Where can you see the words lsquoImagine peacersquoA in the skyB on the walls of the Imagine Peace TowerC at the port of ReykjavikD on a stone well

4 The boat tours are ideal for people who hellipA would like an interesting commentaryB arenrsquot feeling braveC are already very knowledgeable about the lightsD prefer to watch the lights in silence

5 The Groacutetta lighthouse hellipA is in Reykjavik city centreB provides guided toursC is too far to reach on foot from ReykjavikD is west of Reykjavik

6 What is the advantage of heading out of the city to see the Northern LightsA There are more guided tours availableB You will be able to see the lights betterC There is a more fun atmosphere in the

countrysideD Itrsquos not as cold as Reykjavik

On 9 October in Latest news Attractions by Sesselja

There are two reasons why tonightrsquos going to be a spectacular night here in Reykjavik but donrsquot take just my word for it The Geophysical Institutersquos aurora forecast is a much more reliable source The experts have predicted that over the next 48 hours aurora borealis activity is going to be very high If you happen to be visiting the area yoursquoll be treated to an impressive show of the aurora ndash or the Northern Lights as theyrsquore better known

Thatrsquos the first reason The second reason is that tonightrsquos the night that the Imagine Peace Tower will be lit up in memory of John Lennon Since 2007 the tower has shone every year from Lennonrsquos birthday on 9 October to 8 December the day on which he was shot in 1980 The light from the tower on Videy Island shines up into the sky from a white stone well which has lsquoImagine peacersquo written on it in 24 languages If yoursquore down by the port in Reykjavik yoursquoll be able to see the lighted tower and the aurora simultaneously

For those looking for a bit of adventure you could make the most of the night by arranging to see the Northern Lights on board a tour boat Check out the Northern Lights boat tour for leaving times Sailing into the Northern Lights is a once-in-a-lifetime experience for those brave enough to go out on the waves at night Taking a boat trip has the added bonus of getting a commentary from an experienced and knowledgeable tour guide who can tell you many fascinating facts about the Northern Lights

If you donrsquot like guided tours and you feel like a walk along the coast head out of the city centre and make for the Groacutetta lighthouse Itrsquos in Seltjarnanes which is to the west of Reykjavik Remember the further away you are from the light pollution of the city the better you will see the Northern Lights Itrsquos pretty exposed there so take my advice and wrap up well You donrsquot want the cold spoiling your fun

Looking for light in the sky


6 Reading practice

Reading 3

Read the online article Choose A B C or D in each question below Only one choice is correct

1 Why is the writer critical of most history booksA They are all written by menB They focus mainly on menrsquos achievementsC They donrsquot cover obscure factsD They are not interesting to girls

2 What did Ada Lovelace doA She invented the modern computerB She designed the earliest type of computerC She taught mathematics to inventor Charles

BabbageD She invented computer programming

3 What trend does the article describe in the numbers of girls studying technological subjectsA More and more girls are studying

technological subjects at school and university

B More girls are studying technological A-levels but not continuing those subjects at university

C Numbers of girls studying technological subjects are declining both at A-level and university level

D Girls are generally more interested in studying computing than science

4 What does the company Little Miss Geek doA Provide IT GCSE classes at weekendsB Help more girls pass their IT examsC Encourage more girls to study computingD Improve schoolsrsquo technology teaching

methods

5 Which of these is not an aim of the Little Miss Geek companyA to inspire women to study scienceB to inspire women to be just like Ada

LovelaceC to show that technology is funD to make people change their opinions

6 What does the lsquoHER in Herorsquo campaign ask schools to teachA Technological developments made by

women in previous decadesB How blind children can use the internetC Why science and technology are importantD How technological skills are more important

than reading and writing

Ada Lovelace the first computer programmer15 October Ada Lovelace DayThe internet is a great place Not many of us will have woken up this morning and said lsquoAh itrsquos Ada Lovelace Day todayrsquo but thatrsquos the beauty of the internet you log on to catch up with the latest gossip on Facebook and end up finding out the most obscure facts But hang on a minute lsquoAda whorsquo I hear you shout and lsquoWhy does she have her own dayrsquoWell when most people are asked to name some of the most important people in the history of computing and IT theyrsquoll mention Bill Gates Mark Zuckerberg Tim Berners-Lee etc who are all influential all talented but also all male Thatrsquos because the history books normally present important men so in a way itrsquos his story As a result few realize that the men above owe it all to Ada Lovelace the first computer programmerAda the Countess of Lovelace (1815ndash1852) was a brilliant mathematician She was one of the first people to see the designs for Charles Babbagersquos Analytical Engine ndash the precursor to the modern computer Amazed by the idea of the machine she suggested that it could be programmed to use a system of codes to handle letters numbers and symbols In other words she came up with the idea of a computer programmeDespite the fact that computer programming started with a woman it is surprising just how few women choose technological subjects at school and universities The numbers speak for themselvesbull In 1985 37 of science and technology degrees in the UK

were awarded to women by 2008 that number had dropped to 18

bull In 2004 12 of computing A-level students were girls by 2011 only 8 were

But Little Miss Geek is a company that wants to change all that by setting up after-school technology clubs and workshops aimed specifically at girls who think IT isnrsquot for them Schools which take part have seen a 52 rise in girls taking computing GCSESo what does Ada Lovelace have to do with Little Miss Geek Well its main aim is to inspire girls and women to become pioneers in the world of science and technology just like Ada As well as showing young girls that science and technology are fun and creative through their workshops the company also wants to change peoplersquos views about these lsquomale subjectsrsquo by running a campaign called lsquoHER in HerorsquoSchools are asked to celebrate Ada Lovelace Day by informing students about women who have also made great advances in technology in the past Women like Chieko Asakawa who made the internet accessible to blind users by allowing them to speak and listen instead of reading and writing and Stephanie Kwolek who developed the material used in bulletproof vests But most of all they want schools to help them find the technology HERoes of tomorrow And that can only be a step in the right direction


7Reading practice

Reading 4


1 Who is the text aimed atA People who have never tried an extreme or

unusual sportB People who have done some extreme sports

but want to try something newC People who want to travel the worldD People who are interested in trying bungee

jumping and water skiing

2 Which city did chessboxing originate inA BerlinB CalcuttaC AmsterdamD London

3 How is chessboxing playedA There are four rounds of chess and then four

rounds of boxingB There are always eleven rounds in totalC A boxing match is followed by a game of

chessD Players alternate between four minutes of

chess and four minutes of boxing

4 What do underwater hockey players wearA just swimsuitsB scuba diving equipmentC swimsuits and snorkelling gearD the same equipment as normal hockey

players

5 What sorts of people can play underwater hockeyA good swimmersB all sorts of peopleC people with diving experienceD only very fit people

6 What is known about wife carryingA It originated in FinlandB It was definitely invented by thievesC The person carrying the lightest woman

winsD Itrsquos not usually played competitively

Bizarre activities from around the globeLooking to broaden your horizons while keeping fit and active Do run-of-the-mill activities like waterskiing and bungee jumping make you yawn If yoursquore searching for something new and different wersquove put together a list of fresh sporting ideas that you can sign up for in various countries

Chessboxing Berlin Calcutta London amp Los AngelesFollowing a dramatic first match between Luis the Lawyer and Iepe the Joker in Amsterdam on 14 November 2003 chessboxing has become a popular pastime in several of the worldrsquos most visited spots So how do chess and boxing go together A typical match is played in a boxing ring and consists of alternating four-minute rounds starting with chess followed by boxing A total of eleven rounds can be played in the match ndash unless victory is achieved sooner by checkmate and a knock-outChessboxing is not for the faint-hearted The sport is the ultimate challenge for both mind and body Should you decide to compete you will need to prove that you are both a competent boxer and chess player In a fight you must be good at both games An ability to tolerate extreme physical and mental strain is essential Interested Look online for information about the latest events around the globe

Underwater hockey UK Australia New Zealand amp South AfricaIf team sports are more your style but the glaring eyes of all those spectators cheering you on puts you off don your mask snorkel flippers and swimsuit and dive in for a game of underwater hockey As its name suggests the sport is basically hockey but it is played on the bottom of a swimming pool rather than a pitch Its origins lie in Southsea England in the 1950s when Alan Blake came up with the idea for the game which was originally called OctopushThe game is played by pushing the puck towards the goal posts at opposite ends of the pool floor using a small stick Play lasts for 30 minutes with a three-minute break at half time The big bonus with underwater hockey is that it appeals to people of all age groups and fitness levels You do not even have to be a very good swimmer to play

Wife carrying Finland amp USAThis has got to be one of the weirdest sports of all time There are various ideas about how this sport started Some say the idea came from thieves who used to train themselves for carrying heavy bags of loot by doing dummy runs with their wives over their shoulders As a competitive sport wife carrying started in 1992 in Sonkajaumlrvi Finland Competitors face a tough obstacle course carrying women either on their backs or hanging upside down and back to front from their necks The winner is the fastest to complete the course and wins his partnerrsquos weight in beer Cheers

CURIOUS SPORTING COMPETITIONS


8 Reading practice

Reading 5


1 What is true about foodA More than 17 gets thrown awayB 17 of people throw it away regularlyC There is a plentiful supply so we donrsquot need to

take actionD Very little food ends up in landfill sites

2 Which type of fruit does the article suggest might taste bestA fruit thatrsquos in perfect conditionB oddly-shaped or slightly damaged fruitC fruit that has been kept in the fridgeD fruit that is a bit old

3 What does the article say about pasta sauceA Itrsquos useful for using up things at the back of

your cupboardB It can be made into soup the next dayC It can be made from a leftover casseroleD It keeps for a long time in the fridge

4 How can people avoid wasting foodA By only going shopping once a weekB By wrapping everything in plastic to make it

last longerC By not buying things that go off quicklyD By only buying the things they need for that

week

5 How does the article suggest some businesses waste moneyA Owners and managers donrsquot train their staff

to use and store food efficientlyB They buy in more food than they can sellC They give too much food away to soup

kitchensD They pay to send food to landfill instead of

recycling it

6 What do the recovery companies do with old cooking oilA Use it to make food for animalsB Use it to generate electricityC Make compost out of itD Incinerate it

HOW TO WASTE LESS FOODHOW TO WASTE LESS FOODTake control of your wasteThe statistics speak for themselves over 17 of all food ends up in the bin In the UK an environmental catastrophe is taking place as landfill sites overflow with food wersquove thrown away The time has come to take serious action Here are some tips for those ready to become a waste watcher

How to waste less household use Donrsquot throw away food that hasnrsquot gone off Slightly bruised or

funny-shaped fruit and vegetables may not be an attractive sight but often theyrsquore tastier than perfect-looking ones Apples are the food that people throw away most Even if you prefer to eat fresh apples use up older ones by making a pie In doing so you can finish off any old eggs butter and flour lying at the back of your fridge or food cupboard

Use up leftovers in clever and tasty ways Yesterdayrsquos vegetable casserole can be reused to make a pasta sauce or soup Old bread and bread rolls can be chopped and baked to make croutons Just pour a little oil over them first

Prepare food properly for the fridge Make sure food that doesnrsquot stay fresh for long like lettuce goes in the coldest part of the fridge These days itrsquos common to wrap everything in plastic but parsley thyme and spring onions keep surprisingly fresh wrapped in newspaper

Plan your meals well Make a weekly menu and buy only the ingredients necessary to make the meals on your list without buying excessive quantities This will reduce waste but may also help you regulate your eating lose weight and reduce the size of your waist too

Food waste pyramid commercial useRestaurant owners grocers and supermarket managers have significant roles to play The food waste pyramid shows ideas for the best ways to reduce food waste Here are its main points

Source reduction This means reducing the amount of waste food that is generated Food orders must reflect real demand and not how much they would like to sell Given the amount of food thrown in the bin businesses would actually make more money by buying in less

Feed hungry people Restaurants and shops can donate unused food to food banks and soup kitchens instead of dumping it They certainly wonrsquot lose money by feeding those who canrsquot feed themselves

Feed animals If leftover food isnrsquot fit for human consumption it could be redistributed to become scraps for animals

Industrial uses Waste oils from frying pans donrsquot need to be thrown away There are recovery companies who collect old oil filter out impurities and use it to generate electricity for domestic use

Composting Sometimes however itrsquos got to be thrown away Dumping organic foodstuffs on a compost heap means theyrsquoll positively affect the environment

Landfill or incineration The last option is of course proper disposal If more companies worked according to the waste hierarchy though much less waste would end up in landfill sites and incinerators


9Reading practice

Reading 6


1 The Innocence Project was founded in hellipA a law courtB a police stationC a universityD a prison

2 What had happened in 25 of cases where the sentence was later changedA A confession later proved to be untrueB DNA testing proved the defendant

innocentC New witnesses had come forwardD Witnesses were proven to have been

mistaken

3 Which of the following is not mentioned as a problem with scientific evidenceA Testing is often not done correctlyB The results are presented wrongly in

courtC Scientific evidence is relied upon in

court too oftenD The evidence is often later proven to be

wrong

4 What have 300 people done so far thanks to the Innocence ProjectA Successfully proved their innocence

after being convictedB Been found innocent at their original

trialC Applied to have their case re-examinedD Managed to change the conviction of a

friend or relative

5 Who was Betty Anne WatersA a woman wrongly convicted of murderB a relative of an innocent prisonerC a campaigner working with the

Innocence ProjectD the neighbour of a murder victim

6 Which of the following are Scheck and Neufeld not hoping to achieveA free innocent people from prisonB suggest changes to legal systemsC stop wrongful convictionsD reform the prison system

We have all heard the phrase lsquoinnocent until proven guiltyrsquo When suspects are accused of a crime we should treat them as innocent until we know for sure they are guilty of the crime Theoretically everyone should have a fair trial and judges and juries are asked to keep an open mind about all the evidence that is presented to them But what happens when innocent people are convicted by mistake

In 1992 Barry Scheck and Peter Neufeld set up the Innocence Project at Yeshiva Universityrsquos School of Law to address this issue The projectrsquos chief aim was and is to help prisoners who have been convicted of a crime by mistake to get their sentences changed DNA testing which was not widely available in the past can often now be used to prove a convicted personrsquos innocence

Apart from taking on the cases of people who claim that they are innocent the Project also aims to inform the general public about the justice system and its weaknesses For example they clearly explain the causes of wrongful convictions According to the Innocence Project 75 of prisoners who have had their sentences changed following DNA testing had been convicted due to being misidentified by witnesses Others were convicted on the grounds of scientific evidence which was later proven to be incorrect All too often scientific tests are not carried out properly or their results are misrepresented in court Furthermore 25 of cases where the sentences were changed involved false confessions by the defendant The reasons why suspects admit to crimes they have not committed can include not fully understanding the charges or sometimes even pleading guilty thinking that they can later prove their innocence

So how successful is the Project The Innocence Project run at Yeshiva University has so far led to over 300 people proving that they didnrsquot commit the crime they were convicted of Proving your innocence from the inside of a prison cell can be a long and difficult process however The film Conviction The Incredible True Story of Betty Anne Waters shows the tremendous struggle those fighting for freedom face Betty Anne fought for years to prove that her brother Kenny Waters was not guilty of murdering a neighbour In her first letter to the Innocence Project she explains how her familyrsquos bad reputation in the town where they lived led to her brother becoming the most likely suspect lsquofor this horrific crimersquo With the help of the Innocence Project Betty Anne managed to get Kennyrsquos conviction changed ndash eighteen years after his original sentence

The work done by the Innocence Project has shown that there are problems in legal and justice systems Scheck and Neufeld hope not only to free innocent people but to fix systems that allow wrongful convictions to take place Consequently they have also gone to great lengths to propose reforms to the legal system that are necessary to ensure innocent people are not sent to prison in the future

Assessing the problem of wrongful convictions

DNA testing brings

new light to old cases


10 Reading practice

Reading 7


1 What does the writer believe about fashion and cosmeticsA Being fashionable requires a lot of moneyB Many commercially-made cosmetics use

nasty chemicalsC Making your own products can be more

expensive than buying commercial onesD More research is needed into ingredients

for homemade products

2 Which description of the oatmeal cleansing scrub is trueA It feels rough on the skinB It has a very smooth textureC It wonrsquot irritate your skin however you

use itD Itrsquos designed to be used on your feet

3 Both the chocolate soap and the citrus lip gloss recipes require you to hellipA pour water over somethingB pour the mixture into a bottleC heat up and melt somethingD shake something

4 Which of the following is true about the homemade deodorantA It is made using cold waterB All of the suggested aromas are equally

suitable for men and womenC Spicy aromas are less effective than sweet

onesD Rosemary makes a good scent for some

women

5 What is the main ingredient of the citrus lip glossA beeswaxB almond oilC honeyD an essential oil

6 Which of the products described should you only use once a weekA oatmeal cleansing scrubB chocolate soapC deodorantD citrus lip gloss

Recipes for natural cosmeticsBecause yoursquore worth itBeauty and fashion neednrsquot mean spending lots of money From luxurious cosmetics and toiletries to accessories and clothes wersquove done all the research for you to make your own products Simply gather the ingredients and materials necessary and get making Fashion and beauty just became fun and creative

Cosmetics and toiletriesBody lotions and creams are among the most important items in any beauty routine However not only can commercially made products cost the earth but they often contain nasty chemicals Use these recipes to create natural homemade cosmetics insteadOatmeal cleansing scrub The rough texture of this scrub will clean your skin by removing all dead skin cells Make this part of your weekly beauty routine for super smooth and glowing skin You need a tablespoon of oatmeal a teaspoon of honey and a teaspoon of freshly squeezed lemon juice Mix the ingredients carefully so that the oatmeal sticks together Then gently spread the scrub all over your face Donrsquot rub too hard or you might irritate your skin Wash it off with lots of water Use any scrub left over to give yourself a pedicure Spread gently over your feet to remove hard skin Wash offChocolate soap This delicious soap can be used as part of your daily routine and will give you a rich chocolatey aroma You need 350 g of natural soap flakes 150 ml of water 25 g of cocoa powder and five or six drops of chocolate essential oil In a saucepan heat up the soap flakes and water until the soap melts Add the cocoa powder and essential oil Stir and when itrsquos mixed well pour into moulds and leave to hardenDeodorant Smelling good is also important but commercial perfumes and deodorants are linked to some very serious health scares Be like a celebrity and make your own signature scent For the deodorant you need 10 ml of apple vinegar 100 ml of boiling water and two teaspoons of herbs or spices whichever ones have your favourite smells Whole fresh rosemary lavender and rose petals work well for women who like sweet-smelling aromas Ginger coriander cinnamon and nutmeg are good for men who like a spicy deodorant Eucalyptus lemon and lime make good unisex fragrances Carefully pour the water over your herbs or spices Leave for five minutes and strain Pour the vinegar into a small glass spray bottle add the perfumed water and shake gently to mixCitrus lip gloss Lips are kept looking good and in top condition with this easy-to-make gloss You need 7 to 8 teaspoons of almond oil 2 teaspoons of beeswax 1 vitamin E capsule 1 teaspoon of honey and 5 drops of your favourite essential oil Mix the almond oil and beeswax over a medium heat until they melt Break open the vitamin E capsule and squeeze it into the oil and wax mixture Add the other ingredients and mix well When the mixture has cooled a little spoon it into small metal containers Apply with a brush for beautiful lipsRemember beauty products like make-up and fashionable clothes can only make you look good if you take care of yourself and your skin properly

NEXT Accessories and clothes


11Reading practice

Reading 8

Read the article Choose A B C or D in each question below Only one choice is correct

1 Steinerrsquos approach to learning is different because he felt that hellipA learning and human development are

unrelatedB learners should follow the learning processC everyone should be taught in the same wayD people learn at their own speed in their

own way

2 Why was Steinerrsquos first school connected to a cigarette factoryA Steiner owned the factory with Emil MoltB Steiner presented his beliefs to the factory

workersC Steiner had previously worked at the

factoryD Steiner applied for a job at the factoryrsquos

original school

3 When was the first UK Waldorf school openedA 1861B 1919C 1922D 1925

4 What is developed by children at primary schools following Steinerrsquos ideasA their ability to copy othersB their abilities in the arts and social

interactionC their ability to learn things by heartD their ability to understand science

5 The goal of secondary education at Waldorf schools is to hellipA encourage creative playB develop an understanding of ideasC create people with a sense of responsibilityD encourage students to be active politically

6 What behaviour is seen less often amongst pupils or ex-pupils of Waldorf schoolsA bullyingB successfully graduating from universityC being socially activeD showing self-confidence

A NEW APPROACH TO LEARNINGRudolf Steiner (1861ndash1925) was a philosopher and architect born in what is now Croatia Steiner developed a holistic approach to learning which is still used today in Steiner (or Waldorf) schools worldwide

Steiner believed learning was the key to human development He felt the learning process should follow the learnerrsquos needs and not be the same for everyone That is why he felt teachers must watch learners carefully to know when they were ready to learn something and to notice how they learn A comprehensive understanding of the different stages of human development were necessary as part of this process according to Steiner In 1919 Steiner was invited by Emil Molt to give talks to factory workers at the Waldorf Astoria cigarette factory in Stuttgart Germany Steiner established his first school for the children of these factory workers which is why schools using his approach today are called Waldorf schools In 1922 he was invited by Professor Millicent Mackenzie to Oxford where he presented his ideas on education at a conference Following this visit the first Waldorf school in the UK was set up the same yearSteiner had very clear views about child development He identified three distinct developmental stages ages 0ndash67 67ndash14 and 14+ Waldorf schools worldwide follow these stages closely and encourage different skills at each stageThe kindergarten stage (0ndash67) aims to show young children that the world is good By providing creative hands-on activities and encouraging creative play children are able to learn from experience and by copying others At this stage Steiner believed that introducing theory and formal teaching was harmful to young developing mindsThe primary stage (67ndash14) aims to show children that the world is beautiful Students at this level are encouraged to develop their artistic expression and social skills Here the emphasis is on creation and analysis Unlike traditional education Steiner believed that children should develop an understanding of ideas rather than learning by heartThe secondary stage (14+) aims to show adolescents that the world is true The development of critical understanding and a sense of idealism are important at this stage Through combining academic practical and artistic activities Steiner hoped that the secondary stage would produce free and morally responsible individualsRecent studies have shown that children who are educated at Waldorf schools have a deeper understanding of science than other young people What is more it has been claimed that levels of bullying are much lower among students at Waldorf schools Studies in Australia have also shown that graduates of Waldorf schools are more likely to be active socially and politically and display greater self-confidence than graduates of conventional schoolsBefore his death in 1925 Steiner saw a total of six Waldorf schools established The schools in Stuttgart and Kingrsquos Langley as well as in Hamburg Essen The Hague and London were all built in his lifetime By 2014 there were over 1000 schools in 60 countries


12 Listening practice

Listening 1 Listening 2

A conversation about shopping

T01 Choose the best answer according to the recording Only one answer is correct

1 What does Mark say about shoppingA He enjoys itB Most boys like itC Girls like it a lotD He likes it more than Amy does

2 Before having a break they hellipA went to a traditional clothes shopB bought some music CDsC went to a discoD were in a clothes shop

3 Why does Amy talk about a shoprsquos name A To demonstrate that they try to attract a certain

type of customerB To talk about the characters in a Charles Dickens

novelC To show that a name alone makes people buyD To show that it is a shop for people looking for

modern clothes

4 Dombey and Sons sells men and womenrsquos clothing hellipA in different shopsB on different floorsC in a section at a department store D on the same floor

5 Shop managers think that women hellipA always shop aloneB donrsquot like shopping as much as people thinkC often help men to buy clothesD like to shop with their mothers

6 Mark thinks that the explanations that Amy gives hellipA show that his view of men shoppers is rightB show that his view of men shoppers is wrongC show that his view of women shoppers is wrongD show that his view of women shoppers is right

7 Why does Amy know so much about shops A She works in a shop during her holidaysB Her parents own a clothes shopC She did a project on shopsD She frequently goes shopping

8 Department stores use different floor surfaces hellipA so that they can control the speed shoppers

move atB so shoppersrsquo feet donrsquot get tired so easilyC to make the store more attractiveD to move clothes around more easily

A presentation about athletes


1 What has increased dramatically all over the worldA The number of different sports that people doB The number of people doing sportC The number of sports coachesD The number of sport training opportunities for

children

2 Why do countries encourage young people to do sportA To improve the countryrsquos reputation for a

particular sportB To have a healthier populationC Because sport can improve academic resultsD To avoid young people wasting their time

3 What isnrsquot different about Ona and David A their nationalityB their sportsC their experiencesD their coaches

4 When Ona started doing synchronized swimming hellipA Spain was the world championB Spain wanted to create a strong teamC nobody took the sport seriouslyD her club was not successful

5 In what way was Ona different from the other girls at Sant CugatA She trained harder than the othersB She trained in the eveningsC She could see her family frequentlyD She didnrsquot train at the weekends

6 What inspired David to try runningA competing in decathlonsB training at St PatrickrsquosC his fatherrsquos Olympic medalD watching races at the Olympics

7 What was Davidrsquos life at the training camp likeA variedB repetitiveC funD luxurious

8 The lecturer concludes by looking at hellipA the competitions that Ona and David have wonB the differences between Ona and Davidrsquos sporting

careersC Ona and Davidrsquos sporting possibilities in the futureD the similarities between Ona and Davidrsquos sporting

careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice


A debate about space


1 Andrew Turner expressed his views hellipA in a bookB in a university lectureC on the radioD in a newspaper

2 What was the response to Andrew Turnerrsquos viewsA almost everybody agreedB almost nobody agreedC some people disagreedD people ignored them

3 Professor Howarth uses the example of Abbas Ibn Firnas to show that hellipA it takes time to develop a new technologyB space travel has fascinated people for centuriesC most space scientists are unknownD all nations are interested in space travel

4 What does Professor Howarth suggest about Abbas Ibn Firnasrsquo experimentA He died as a resultB It failedC It was a successD It is a myth

5 Andrew Turner says that hellipA Abbas Ibn Firnas was years ahead of his timeB air travel is not a useful form of transportC air travel damages the environmentD air travel is essential for the worldrsquos economy

6 What examples does Professor Howarth give of the benefits from space travel A telephonesB electronic devicesC aeroplane engines D televisions

7 Professor Howarth believes that space exploration will hellipA become reality quicker than people thinkB give people the opportunity to visit distant planetsC become as common as travelling by planesD help to improve life on Earth

8 What did American president Dwight Eisenhower sayA America had to lead the space raceB Space rockets took money away from the poorC The space race would help to feed and clothe

peopleD Space travel would give America greater military

power

An interview about hikikomori


1 Who are called hikikomoriA Some Japanese familiesB The rich JapaneseC All Japanese teenagersD Some young Japanese men

2 What wonrsquot you see in Japanese cities as much as yoursquoll see in other citiesA property that has been damaged intentionallyB advertisements in the streetC people with unnatural hair colourD young people in fashionable clothes

3 What were the first signs that the hikikomori phenomenon had startedA Increase in young people buying computersB Hikikomori blogs appeared on the internetC Young men didnrsquot want to use the new technologiesD Some young people stopped attending classes

4 What do Japanese people do when they have a problemA keep quiet about itB discuss it with their friendsC talk to their relatives about itD look for expert advice

5 What have Japanese parents tended to do if a child becomes a hikikomoriA speak to his teachersB try to force him to leave his bedroomC accept the situationD try and find him a wife

6 What are the Japanese doing nowA ignoring the situation B discussing the situationC blaming modern technologyD blaming their children

7 Where do most hikikomori come from A families with problems with the policeB families that expect their children to do well

academicallyC families that own businessesD families that arenrsquot interested in their childrenrsquos

education

8 What is one of the problems with the Japanese system A It doesnrsquot have many rulesB There arenrsquot enough university placesC Itrsquos impossible to do something differentD You canrsquot go to university at eighteen


14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations

T05 enspYou will hear people talking in eight different situations Choose the best answer according to the recording Only one answer is correct

1 You hear a coach talking to her team Why is she talking to themA to congratulate them on winning the tournamentB to ask them to be quietC to encourage them to carry on trainingD to criticize them for not working hard enough

2 You hear two people talking in a gym Who are theyA two membersB a member and a receptionistC a member and an instructorD a receptionist and an instructor

3 You hear a woman talking to her son Where are theyA at home B at a coach stationC in a football stadium D in a restaurant

4 You hear a cyclist being interviewed How does he feel about the race he took part inA It was a huge achievement for himB It was a disappointing experienceC It wasnrsquot an important race for himD He felt lonely training for it

5 You hear a man talking on the radio What is he doingA presenting a weather forecastB giving a sports commentaryC describing forthcoming programmesD reading a news bulletin

6 You hear a doctor speaking to a patient How does the doctor react to the manrsquos sporting activityA Shersquos pleased with the improvement hersquos madeB Shersquos shocked by his choice of activityC Shersquos surprised that he hasnrsquot lost more weightD She encourages him to carry on

7 You hear a game show presenter talking to some contestants What does the final game involveA racing cars B snakesC jellyfish D an obstacle course

8 You hear a man and a woman talking What do they agree aboutA The injury is very seriousB The manrsquos wound doesnrsquot need stitchesC The man needs medical treatmentD There isnrsquot a doctorrsquos surgery nearby

An interview about food banks

T06 enspChoose the best answer according to the recording Only one answer is correct

1 Rises in the cost of living have resulted in people hellipA losing their jobsB having lower salariesC having to choose if theyrsquoll eat or keep warmD refusing to pay their energy bills

2 Why was Amy Bridges arrestedA She didnrsquot pay her rentB She stole food to eatC She stole from her employerD She stole from a food bank

3 What is true about AmyA She hasnrsquot had food for three daysB She didnrsquot get to thank the police officerC She still gets help from the food bankD She helps people who canrsquot afford to eat

4 At the moment there are hellip poor people in the UKA 13000000B 30000000C 1000000 to 5000000D 63000000

5 What target has the Trussell Trust set itself for the futureA to persuade more people to volunteerB to create a network of food banksC to open food banks in all UK townsD to stop the spread of food poverty

6 The number of Trussell Trust food banks rose from 80 to 400 between hellipA 2010 and 2012B 2011 and 2012C 2011 and 2013D 2012 and 2013

7 Who is able to give vouchers to hungry peopleA volunteers at the food banksB doctors and social workersC dietitians and doctorsD dietitians doctors and social workers

8 At which stage in the process do people receive foodA step twoB step threeC step fourD step five

Listening 6


15Listening practice


A presentation about steampunks


1 When did the steampunk trend beginA before 1980B between 1980 and 1999C around the end of the 1990sD in 2012

2 Who are Veronique Chevalier and Thomas WillefordA the inventors of steampunkB steampunk clothing designersC editors of the steampunk magazineD steampunks whorsquove won awards for their

appearance

3 Steampunk fashion hellipA is a blend of old-fashioned and futuristic stylesB is governed by very strict rulesC does not usually include make-upD consists mainly of sci-fi costumes

4 What is true about the clothing that steampunk women wearA Their outfits are based on what Victorian men

woreB They wear ties and shirtsC They often wear long dressesD They wear corsets hidden under their dresses

5 Which accessories are worn or carried by both male and female steampunksA top hats and gogglesB walking sticksC parasolsD leather gloves

6 The colours of steampunksrsquo clothes are hellipA always very darkB usually purple and redC usually white or multi-coloured D often dark but sometimes pale

7 Why are metals commonly featured in steampunk outfitsA to imitate the appearance of gothsB to make steampunks look like inventorsC to make the costumes more futuristicD to add a romantic feel to the costumes

8 What is true about steampunk gatheringsA They only occur in the UKB They are held in many countriesC The Mad Hatterrsquos Tea Party is held in LondonD The famous event in Lincoln lasts for a week

A debate about protesting


1 Francis Peterson used to be hellipA a police officer B a studentC a radio reporter D an activist

2 Francis says that most protests are hellipA too violent B unexcitingC very noisy D identical

3 What does Francis not sayA He wants to join a group of political activistsB He would rather protests were non-violentC The police donrsquot usually need to use aggressionD In general sit-ins are uneventful

4 In July 2001 Genoa was the location for the hellip G8 summitA seventh B twentiethC twenty-second D twenty-seventh

5 When he died Carlo Giuliani was protesting about hellipA local politicians in GenoaB police violenceC the presence of world leaders in GenoaD powerful people living in his city

6 Derek mentions petrol bombs as an example of hellipA a way to get more attention than using humourB effective ways of protestingC how drama can be used in protestsD a less effective way to protest

7 Derek says the huge heads worn by protesters were hellipA funny B scaryC offensive D disastrous

8 According to Francis dramatic protests hellipA are never humorousB are sometimes frighteningC are not effectiveD are not necessary

9 Francis believes hellip scare peopleA Scream masks and heads of powerful peopleB Scream masks and Guy Fawkes masksC heads of powerful people and Guy Fawkes masksD Scream masks Guy Fawkes masks and heads of

powerful people

10 Derek believes that masked protesters hellipA are cowardsB have become very popularC want to make people reactD are not serious protesters


16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1

Many of us dream of winning the lottery We imagine that if we could buy an expensive house a yacht designer clothes and all the latest gadgets we would surely be happier However there have been many surveys into the nature of happiness and one key conclusion seems to be that spending money on life experiences instead of material items makes humans happier Most of us will not win the lottery but we can still ask ourselves how many experiences we should try to fit in and just when we should try to achieve these

Psychologists sometimes classify people according to which period of their lives they focus on People who live lsquoin the momentrsquo focus on the present time and on finding fun and excitement in their lives through new or enjoyable experiences This type of people is described by psychologists as having a lsquohedonistic time perspectiversquo This contrasts with people who focus on the past and those who spend their lives planning for or worrying about the future Hedonistic types seem to be extremely happy But why is that the case and should we all try to do it

On the whole psychological studies have shown that people who live in the moment feel positive emotions more frequently than those who focus on the past These emotions such as joy love amusement and compassion

have important physical benefits too The more you experience a range of positive emotions the more of a chemical called serotonin you have in your brain cells Serotonin helps regulate sleep and assists memory and learning Serotonin levels can also be boosted by doing aerobic exercise and getting exposure to sunlight ndash the sort of things you are likely to experience if you take up a new sport or outdoor activity

Because they often enjoy new experiences people who try to live in the moment are often better at dealing with changes and new challenges This is usually a result of not having a fixed way of doing things and therefore being more flexible when circumstances do not go as planned Another big benefit is that in choosing to take on new experiences people will often be more sociable Having fun with friends and meeting new people are likely to lead to the serotonin-producing positive emotions mentioned above and recent tests have shown that extroverts (people who are more outgoing) tend to be happier than more introverted people

There are however disadvantages to living in the moment focusing on pleasure and filling your life with new experiences It seems that people with a hedonistic time perspective may be very good at planning activities to fill their time but they are not so

organized when it comes to saving money Financial security is also one of the biggest contributors to overall happiness Therefore while focusing on enjoying the present is useful it needs to be balanced with planning how much you spend so that you are not left with little to live on in the future

Perhaps the best solution would be to combine a present- and future-focused attitude This would enable you to think carefully about all the things you want to achieve and then save money to realize these goals Increasingly people are writing lsquobucket listsrsquo of experiences that they want to have in their lifetime and then making these happen with careful planning This way people can compromise by planning adventure and excitement while working towards raising the funds to cover the costs And in the event that your dreams do not actually come true research has shown that just thinking about the things you want to do will make you feel better

hedonistic ndash hedonistaperspective ndash perspectivacompassion ndash compassioacute

How to be happy


17Exam practice

Read the text and choose the correct answers

1 Many surveys into happiness have found that hellipA any kind of spending makes you happierB spending money on doing things makes you

happierC spending money on material goods makes you

happierD winning the lottery makes you happier

2 People who have a hedonistic time perspective hellipA focus on fun things they did in the pastB spend time worrying about the futureC arenrsquot usually very happyD focus on having fun in the present moment

3 People who live in the moment hellipA feel positive emotions more often than some

other peopleB are far healthier than everybody elseC find it easier to fall in love than other peopleD are less emotional than other people

4 High levels of serotonin hellipA make you sleep better and remember moreB can only be achieved by taking regular exerciseC will encourage you to take up a new sportD can be damaged by prolonged exposure to

sunlight

5 Itrsquos easier to cope with new challenges if you hellipA focus on solutions yoursquove tried in the pastB always tackle everything in the same way C have a flexible attitude to problem-solvingD have made your plans well in advance

6 According to the article being more sociable hellipA is not connected to taking on new experiencesB is only beneficial to extrovertsC is likely to make you feel goodD will make extroverts more outgoing

7 One of the largest contributors to happiness is hellipA being able to save moneyB being well organizedC spending very little moneyD having enough money to feel secure

8 People who write lsquobucket listsrsquo of experiences they dream of hellipA often end up without enough money to live onB need to save money carefully in order to realize

themC donrsquot usually manage to make their dreams

come trueD make themselves miserable by dreaming of

things they canrsquot have

Choose one of the tasks Write 100ndash150 words

1 Write about an experience that you have had which you feel changed your life for the better

2 Write an essay with the title lsquoPeople can learn as much outside a classroom as they can inside onersquo Discuss

Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2

The future of mankind

Throughout the ages people have wondered about the future of mankind Whether the predictions have been by scientists trying to determine how we will best survive in a new and challenging environment or by artists and writers imagining new worlds the need to map out what is to come seems to be a key part of being human Some of these ideas will stay science fiction but some very interesting predictions have come true

In December 1900 an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins wrote an article for the Ladiesrsquo Home Journal magazine which predicted what life would be like in the year 2000 These predictions were based on interviews with important American scientists and academics Watkinsrsquo article accurately predicted mobile telephones the popularity of pre-prepared meals and television Sadly some of his predictions did not come true He believed that mosquitoes would have been exterminated by humans and that all cars in city centres would have been replaced by underground or raised railways Although not entirely correct even these predictions hold some truth Humans can manipulate the lives of other creatures in many ways and cars are banned from many urban areas What is interesting is how accurate or close we can be at guessing what will happen in the future

So what about predictions being made now Around the world there is a growing number of futurologists

who analyze data to work out how we will live 100 years from now There is much debate about what life is going to be like but there are some key themes emerging in the predictions Many of these focus on population growth and the environment because unfortunately rather than being positive and exciting our future currently looks rather worrying with too many people in the world and increasing damage to the natural world which supports us

It has been estimated that the global population will be around 10 billion by 2115 compared with just over 79 billion today That is an increase of almost half in about 100 years As we will need to feed this vast number of people using the same amount of land that we have today futurologists are predicting that we will need to farm the oceans to meet demand This will not mean just farming for fish ndash there will be an increase in farming algae a range of simple types of seaweed They will be used as a source of biofuels and possibly also to feed other animals in the food production chain It has been suggested that genetically modified saltwater algae could be used to create fresh water from the oceans This would prevent the lsquowater warsrsquo that some scientists have predicted will happen in the next century when natural sources of fresh water can no longer sustain the human population

What about the environment There are already signs that climate

change will affect weather patterns and make conditions less predictable Many scientists in the US support a programme which explores methods of engineering the Earthrsquos climate and using technology to protect against the worst effects of climate change Some weather control technology already exists ndash for example we can make it rain by spraying electrically-charged particles into clouds ndash but in the future we may be able to cool the environment by spraying sun-reflecting particles into the atmosphere Scientists are also investigating ways to lsquoiron outrsquo tornadoes or blow storms away from land In the longer term some people have even predicted that Mars will be engineered to become habitable Whatever happens where we live will be a very different place from what it is today

debate ndash debatvast ndash enormeparticles ndash partiacutecules


19Exam practice


1 Predictions about the future hellipA have only been made in the last few hundred

yearsB are always based on scienceC have been made by creative and scientific

mindsD are used in science fiction but rarely come true

2 John Elfreth Watkinsrsquo predictions about the future were hellipA based on popular ideas from science fictionB almost completely wrongC inspired by a magazine articleD the result of research and discussions

3 Watkins was wrong about hellipA the way humans communicate whilst on

the moveB the disappearance of a type of insectC a new way in which we prepare our foodD a popular way we receive news and

entertainment in our homes

4 Current predictions hellipA are generally positive about the futureB tend to focus on two key areasC all agree on what the future will be likeD focus on exciting new inventions

5 In the next 100 years or so the world population hellipA will doubleB will halveC will reach 7 billionD will increase by almost 50

6 What will algae not be used for in futureA protecting fish farmsB creating a type of fuelC providing more fresh waterD contributing to food production

7 The article mentions US scientists who support the use of technology to hellipA make world weather patterns more predictableB reduce the impact of climate changeC reverse climate change altogetherD prevent wars in the future

8 We are already able to hellipA prevent storms from coming inlandB prevent extreme weather occurrencesC affect where and when rainfall occursD cool the planet by altering the atmosphere


1 Write a review of a book or film set in the future Say why you think its vision of the future is likely or unlikely

2 Write your predictions of what life will be like 100 years from now Give reasons for your predictions

Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3

You may think that the ability to make and watch films in three dimensions or 3D is a modern development But in fact 3D films have been around for a long time ndash the first film where the audience wore 3D glasses was shown in 1922 It was 30 years later that the lsquogolden erarsquo of 3D film-making began when big studios started to put money into projects using the technology The aim of these studios was to try to draw audiences away from the ever more popular televisions and back to the cinema During this period many films were advertised as having powerful effects on the audiences ndash it was suggested that 3D films would leave audiences shocked and amazed but much of this was just an attempt to gain more publicity in a competitive world Interest in 3D films gradually decreased

In recent years 3D cinema has returned to our screens along with 4D films shown in special 4D cinemas which have additional effects to give a total sensory experience This return has created a lot of debate over the cost and the quality of the experience Critics think that 3D gives cinemas an excuse to increase ticket prices and that the scenes designed to display the effect are predictable and often unnecessary But some supporters feel that 3D could save the film industry which is currently suffering tremendous competition from the online download market

Many people prefer to watch a film in the comfort of their own homes at a time of their choosing and with the option of stopping for breaks whenever they want Could 3D technology rescue the cinema industry by injecting a new and greater level of excitement Its supporters believe that modern 3D technology makes going to the cinema a more realistic and personal experience But is this true

Some recent research by Dr Brendan Rooney of University College Dublin has shown that 3D cinema could have physical and psychological effects on the viewer Scientists carried out experiments in which viewers were asked to watch eight short film clips while alone in a cinema The scientists chose frightening or disgusting clips so that people would be more likely to have an emotional response The viewers were divided into two groups ndash one group watched the clips in 2D and the other in the 3D format During the viewing researchers monitored the viewersrsquo heart rates and perspiration

After watching the clips the 3D audience said that they found the scenes more realistic compared to the 2D group They also had higher heart rates than the 2D group Scientists believe that this occurred because their brains told them that what they were seeing was real They felt upset or scared because of the images so their hearts beat faster This is different

to reactions to a 2D film because what people see then is less realistic so viewers can remind themselves that it is not real ndash their brains help keep them calm Interestingly however the viewers of the 3D clips did not say that they enjoyed the clips more than the 2D group Maybe this is because frightening or disgusting scenes are not really lsquoenjoyablersquo in which case more research is needed to see how 3D compares with 2D when more pleasant images are viewed and whether it is the technology used or the subject matter that influences a filmrsquos success

Although research into the effects of 3D cinema is at a very early stage it is making people think about how these effects may be used by film studios in the future It also makes us ask ourselves how real we want our films to be Perhaps in the future films will come with a health warning something that happened with those lsquoshockingrsquo 3D films in the past

display ndash mostrarmonitor ndash controlaroccur ndash passar

How real do we want our films to be


21Exam practice

Reading Writing


1 3D film-making first began hellipA about 30 years agoB in the 1920sC in the 1930sD in the 1950s

2 During the 1950s hellipA cinema was more popular than televisionB film studios didnrsquot want to invest in 3D filmsC cinema advertising beganD televisions were extremely popular

3 Modern 3D films are often criticized because hellipA they cost too much to makeB they are of poor picture qualityC they are too expensive to seeD they are unpleasant to watch

4 One reason that downloading films at home is popular is that hellipA the sound and visual quality are better than

at the cinemaB viewers can choose when they start and stop the filmC it is a more personal experienceD the films available are more exciting

5 The viewers in the experiments hellipA watched the films aloneB watched the films in groupsC chose the clips they wanted to watchD all watched different films

6 During the experiment the people who watched the 3D films hellipA had higher heart rates than the people who

watched in 2DB were calmer than the people who watched in 2DC were aware that the scenes were not realD had lower heart rates than the people who watched

in 2D

7 What was the conclusion of the researchA Viewers find 3D films more enjoyable than 2D filmsB Viewers find 3D films more realistic than 2D filmsC The subject matter of the film is irrelevant to

viewersrsquo enjoyment D Viewers donrsquot enjoy frightening films in 2D or 3D

8 The writer concludes that hellipA more films will be made in 3D in futureB viewers want films to be as realistic as possibleC films in the future will be bad for our healthD we must be aware of the effects of 3D films in

future


1 Write a biography of an actor actress or character from a film you have watched

2 Write an informal email to a friend recommending the last film you saw Ask your friend questions about their recent film experiences


22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4

In recent years the retirement age in many countries has changed because people are living longer What is more some employees are now choosing to stay on at work after the normal retirement age As a consequence employers are working out how to deal with a workforce where there may be four generations and an age gap of more than 50 years between the oldest and youngest employees Varying ages often mean varying attitudes raising lots of questions about how companies can get the most from workers who think about work differently

According to research there are four main generations in the workforce ndash Traditionalists who were born before or during World War II Baby Boomers who were born during the lsquobaby boomrsquo (when birth rates were very high) between 1946 and 1964 Generation X who were born between 1965 and 1980 and Generation Y who were born after 1980 Because of economic and social differences in the eras they grew up in they often differ in the number of companies that they have worked for their loyalty to a company their understanding of technology and how they view the balance between work and life

Currently many Baby Boomers who form the majority of leaders and managers are retiring and are rapidly being replaced by Generation X who have a very different understanding of the work environment and management techniques Generation

Y is the fastest-growing section of the workforce In fact in a few years these lsquomillennialsrsquo (who started working since the millennium) will account for almost 50 of all employees These workers are more technologically aware than other employees and have the most flexible approach to work ndash often working long hours away from the office Many of their attitudes come from a better understanding of digital media ndash millennials are more used to being able to access information when and where they want and therefore never feel lsquodisconnectedrsquo They are also more used to a merging of home and work life as gadgets such as phones and laptops enable them to access both at the same time

Having employees from different generations does not need to be a problem but it is something that companies need to be aware of Working in an intergenerational environment with people of all age groups can be extremely useful as the different perspectives and needs of each generation can add to the success of a business If employers understand these differences and ensure that employees share ideas with one another good working relationships should bring rewards The technology company Cisco Systems is one of the leaders in this field and has seen positive results in employeesrsquo attitudes Senior staff can even record their knowledge and insights on video so that even after they have left the

company younger staff can still benefit from their experience Another area that managers need to be particularly aware of is the way they give their employees feedback and training The different generations have very different needs and attitudes when it comes to evaluating and developing their workplace performance

Increasing globalization has meant that companies need to be more understanding of cultural differences at work Now with more intergenerational workplaces the focus has to be on understanding differences due to age These differences bring more opportunities for social learning where employees from different generations collaborate on tasks to teach one another skills Another positive approach is to have mentoring systems where older employees provide guidance and ideas to younger generations This kind of approach allows organizations to build a more united workforce and deal with the challenges of relationships at work

consequence ndash consequumlegravenciaaccess ndash accedir acollaborate ndash colmiddotlaborar

The challenges of intergenerational workplaces


23Exam practice

Reading Writing


1 Workforces have changed a lot recently because hellipA many people are retiringB workers are getting youngerC there are more generations working togetherD people are staying at the same company for

longer

2 Which two generations include people who were born during the 1960sA Traditionalists and Baby BoomersB Baby Boomers and Generation XC Traditionalists and Generation XD Generation X and Generation Y

3 Which generation is currently beginning to take over the majority of management positionsA TraditionalistsB Baby BoomersC Generation XD Generation Y

4 In a few years Generation Y will account for hellipA the smallest part of the workforceB over half of the workforceC just under half of the workforceD the majority of technical staff

5 Generation Y workers hellipA often live a long way from their workB like to have fixed regular working hoursC feel uncomfortable away from their officeD are used to combining work with the rest

of their life

6 Intergenerational workforces hellipA can make a company more successfulB always cause difficultiesC cost a lot of moneyD are no different from other workforces

7 How does the article suggest employees can learn from colleagues who have already left the companyA watch videos their ex-colleagues recorded before

they leftB invite their ex-colleagues to return to give training

sessionsC read training notes their ex-colleagues left for

themD ask their ex-colleagues to mentor them

8 What area should intergenerational workplace employers be particularly careful withA paying all staff equallyB ensuring staff work enough hoursC allowing older staff to retireD giving feedback on work performance


1 Write an informal email to a friend asking about their part-time job and recent experiences Include information about your recent experiences too

2 Write a discussion essay with the title lsquoThanks to social networking in todayrsquos society it is easy to have lots of relationships with people but not really know anyonersquo Discuss


24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5

The science of applause

The music stops There is a short pause then suddenly the sound of clapping fills the room Applause seems to be a simple appreciative response to what we have heard ndash our way of saying lsquothank yoursquo or lsquoyour performance was very goodrsquo However recent research has shown that the quality of a performance is not the main factor behind the amount of applause an audience gives Instead scientists at the University of Uppsala have revealed that clapping is contagious ndash it spreads from one person to another And how long the clapping lasts is also influenced by how others in the audience behave

Researchers studied videos of undergraduates as they watched presentations The students were told that as the presentations were free they should show their appreciation when they ended The films of the audience showed that it took only one or two people to clap before the applause spread And it only needed one or two to stop for the applause to die out Researchers observed that the starting or stopping reaction was caused by the overall volume of sound in the room rather than what the person next to someone was doing This crowd reaction and other similar behaviour is often referred to as lsquosocial contagionrsquo

Social contagion is a way of describing how people change their behaviour in response to others New behaviour within a group usually emerges first in a few people before

quickly spreading to everybody else By studying the way actions like clapping start and stop scientists hope to better explain similar behaviour in other areas Their studies could provide more information on how trends go in and out of fashion how ideas spread on the internet and why new technologies are adopted or dropped In our modern era where we are able to communicate with people despite not being in the same room or even the same country we have developed ways of lsquoonline clappingrsquo On social networking sites we show our appreciation by lsquolikingrsquo and lsquosharingrsquo This shows others that we are enthusiastic about something and they in turn lsquolikersquo and lsquosharersquo and so the enthusiasm spreads just like clapping in a room For social networking sites and the businesses that use them for advertising these studies will have important consequences

Clapping is affected by other things too There are few things in life more embarrassing than realizing that you are the only person making a noise in a crowded room but that does often occur when people clap in the lsquowrongrsquo situation Classical music concerts are one place where this behaviour is sometimes displayed as clapping here has special lsquorulesrsquo For audience members and performers clapping at the end of a performance is welcomed but the timing of this applause is important For more serious or sad pieces of music a few

moments of silence at the end form part of the performance so audiences should pause to allow these moments of silence before clapping And of course clapping in the middle of a performance in other words between the sections or lsquomovementsrsquo is thought to be poor behaviour

However music historians have discovered that these lsquorulesrsquo of clapping behaviour only began at the start of the twentieth century In earlier times including when the music was actually written audiences clapped when they wanted to They also had refreshments or even a different performance between the movements of a piece of music They would often talk during performances too whereas our society dictates that we must sit in silence in order to show our respect for the music and the performers So social contagion it seems can change greatly over time

die out ndash apagar-seemerge ndash aparegraveixer


25Exam practice

Reading Writing


1 The amount of applause after a performance depends mainly on hellipA the quality of the performanceB the length of the performanceC how many people are in the audienceD how long other people clap for

2 What is true about clapping behaviourA People are encouraged to clap by the volume of

sound in the roomB Many people need to start clapping at the same time

for applause to spreadC People always stop clapping at the same timeD People follow what the person next to them does

3 lsquoSocial contagionrsquo is hellipA the way diseases spread among peopleB the way peoplersquos behaviour imitates othersrsquo behaviourC the study of the way human behaviour has changed

over timeD more fashionable now than in the past

4 The way in which peoplersquos appreciation of something spreads online is hellipA very similar to the way people clap in a roomB nothing like clapping behaviourC different from country to countryD causing problems for online advertisers

5 How are classical music concerts different from other types of performance A Audiences donrsquot applaud at the end of the

performanceB Audiences never applaud after sad musicC There are certain rules about when you should

applaudD The timing of the applause doesnrsquot matter

6 What should modern classical music audiences do between sections of musicA remain silentB remain silent for a moment then clapC try not to make any movementsD get up and move around

7 The lsquorulesrsquo about clapping have hellipA stayed the same for hundreds of yearsB died out since they were written centuries agoC become less fixed in modern timesD become more fixed in modern times

8 During classical music concerts in past centuries hellipA audiences sat in silence throughout the concertB there was other entertainment during a concertC you werenrsquot allowed to eat or drink anythingD audiences didnrsquot respect the musicians


1 You have read about a language exchange programme online Write an informal email explaining who you are and what you want to get from the programme

2 Write a discussion essay with the title lsquoWe are who we are because of the people around usrsquo Discuss


26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6

Almost half of the worldrsquos population currently lives in urban areas and that figure is set to rise to 60 by 2030 Almost all (95) of that increase will occur in the sprawling cities of the developing world which are already struggling to provide enough affordable housing On top of this there is a need for more sustainable ways for us to live Constructing buildings from traditional materials such as concrete and glass has a negative effect on the environment and is becoming increasingly expensive One possible design solution to this crisis in housing might be the growth of lsquocargotecturersquo

Cargotecture is the growing practice of reusing steel shipping containers as housing units The containers are rectangular and taller than a person so they can be used as compact modular housing ndash all fitting together like a large collection of Lego blocks These containers are extremely strong and converting them into a home uses around 5 of the energy required to reuse the steel in other ways It is estimated that there are around 18 million cargo containers currently in use but sometimes they arrive in a port containing cargo then are not used again because that port is not exporting as much as it imports Two million of these containers are stacked up empty but cargotecture provides a way of giving them a second life

One of the leading companies in cargotecture is Amsterdam-based Tempo-housing The company was formed more than ten years ago to

create affordable housing solutions for students The Netherlands has a high population density and student accommodation in the city was extremely difficult to find By 2004 the company was fitting out 40 container homes per week From this beginning Tempo-housing moved into designing low-cost worker accommodation cafeacutes supermarkets an office building and even the prototype of a mobile miniature hospital

Now many other cities are looking at shipping container housing for students Universities in Berlin have recently approved plans for additional units to be built Many of the units will be the standard size but some double and triple units will be available for shared living These larger combined units have also proved popular as temporary lsquopop-uprsquo shops and art galleries in Europe and New Zealand In Britain an affordable hotel of 300 rooms opened in 2008 the first in Europe to be built from cargo containers The containers were converted for accommodation in China and then quickly assembled on the UK site But containers are also being used for private accommodation all round the world thanks to enterprising architects with imagination and creative flair With large windows and doors and built on many floors linked by staircases the origins of these properties are almost unrecognizable

Cargotecture projects around the world save builders a great deal of energy and materials ndash they claim

savings of between 20 to 50 per cent ndash compared to traditional building methods Worldwide 800 million people live in slums ndash that is they live in basic accommodation without clean running water and bathroom facilities ndash but container homes with fully-fitted bathrooms and kitchens can be provided at a fraction of the cost of traditionally built buildings But as well as this another great benefit is that containers can be easily transported and then assembled in just three weeks This means that the units are especially useful as temporary housing after disasters In fact many of the earliest examples of cargotecture can be found in areas where earthquakes have destroyed conventional homes and as they are resistant to earthquakes hurricanes and tornadoes container homes make a safe choice for people living in vulnerable areas of the world

sprawling ndash que creixen desordenadament

modular ndash modularprototype ndash prototipmobile ndash mogravebilstandard ndash estagravendard

Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing


1 What is true about the worldrsquos populationA Today around 50 of people live in towns and citiesB By 2030 the number of people living in urban areas

will have decreasedC By 2030 the number of people living in urban areas

will have doubledD By 2030 95 of people will live in towns and cities

2 Developing nations face problems because hellipA most of their population lives in rural areasB traditional materials arenrsquot strong enough for

housingC there is a shortage of concrete and glassD there is a shortage of inexpensive housing

3 Converting shipping containers into housing uses hellipA the same amount of energy as recycling the steelB 5 less energy than recycling the steelC a lot less energy than recycling the steelD more energy than recycling the steel

4 Cargo containers are available for housing because hellipA shipping companies donrsquot use them any moreB they get abandoned in some portsC they are too old to be used in shipping againD they are the wrong shape for modern ships to

transport

5 A housing company in the Netherlands first used cargo containers for hellipA accommodation for studentsB private housing in AmsterdamC cafeacutes and supermarketsD offices and homes for office staff

6 What have double and triple container units been used forA students living aloneB students living in groupsC large hospitalsD permanent shops and galleries

7 A 300-room hotel made of cargo containers hellipA was converted and constructed in ChinaB was produced entirely in the UKC took a long time to put togetherD was designed for travellers on a budget

8 What is true about container homes A They are vulnerable to earthquakes and hurricanesB They are difficult to transport but easy to assembleC They are suitable for victims of natural disastersD They donrsquot always have running water and

bathrooms


1 Write a discussion essay with the title lsquoDeveloping countries would benefit more from having access to cheap technology than money from charitiesrsquo Discuss

2 Write a description of an invention that you think has improved our lives Include reasons for your choice


28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7

Donating to charity is something that most people do at some point in their lives It may be that we feel a sense of social responsibility or donating could be a way of lsquopaying backrsquo a service or organization that has supported us in times of need Most of us feel that if we had more money we would donate to more causes Certainly there are many multi-millionaires who often write large cheques to meet community needs such as providing education or preventing hunger But there are a growing number of philanthropists who want to give a lot but only if the results of giving are worth it

This approach to donating which has the goal of lsquotransformational changersquo is practised by people like Laura and John Arnold The couple have a fortune of over $4 billion which they plan to give away to charity and indeed they are already amongst the highest charitable givers in America But they only want to give large amounts to charities that can prove the work they do will make society better through lasting changes To do this the Arnolds use an unsentimental approach to giving ndash relatively small initial donations are given to test the chances of success before further larger sums are donated The idea uses a strategy similar to one that has been successful in certain kinds of banking which is not surprising given that John Arnoldrsquos past includes a

successful spell in the finance industry where he made large profits from his investments He understands that all investments carry some level of risk but he is able to take risks that governments or private corporations are unwilling to take and then invest further if the project is successful

One key area that the Arnolds are interested in funding is research into obesity They are paying for a $26 million study that uses technology to look at the effects of food on our bodies The hope is that the results of this study can be used to tackle the obesity crisis that is facing the US and affecting healthcare Rather than giving money to improve existing facilities the Arnoldsrsquo approach looks at long-term solutions To them $26 million is a relatively small amount but they believe that patience in waiting for results is important Their approach means that while the Arnolds may eventually give larger amounts to charities those donations will depend on whether their initial investment will have an effect far into the future

However there is a lot of work being done at the moment which does have short-term benefits for those in need In their local city of Houston Texas the Arnolds have funded a food bank that sorts and packages food to distribute to the many families in need The food bank receives goods donated by

supermarkets and local farms But even the decision to donate to this cause was based on data which showed that many people who received food from the food bank also had other problems with health and money The Arnolds looked at the information about who was using the food bank services and decided that as well as promoting efficiency in distributing food they could also work through the food bank to tackle broader problems Now the food bank is considering offering not only food but job training advice on financial skills and testing for diabetes Writing a cheque to improve things for a short time was not enough for the Arnolds they knew there had to be a way to get long-term change from the act of giving

philanthropists ndash filantropstransformational ndash transformacionalobesity ndash obesitattackle ndash abordarbroader ndash meacutes amplis

Making society better through lasting changes


29Exam practice

Reading Writing


1 According to the article the majority of people hellipA never feel they have enough money to give to charityB give to charity at least once in their lifetimeC donate to charity in case they need its help in the

futureD think multi-millionaires should give more to charity

2 Laura and John Arnold hellipA give more money to charity than anyone else in

AmericaB give $4 billion to charity every yearC only give to charities that have helped themD want to support projects with long-term benefits

3 What is true about John ArnoldA He lost a lot of money in the finance industryB He is willing to take small risksC He tries to persuade governments to invest in

projectsD He doesnrsquot give any money until a project is already

successful

4 The Arnolds are funding a study into obesity because hellipA the problem has reached crisis point in the USB it is a problem that has affected them personallyC the US Department of Health asked for their helpD they only want to support projects involving new

technology

5 The Arnoldsrsquo attitude to charitable projects is that hellipA after their initial donation projects must support

themselvesB they will donate more money later if projects are

successfulC projects should show immediate resultsD they can only donate to each charity once

6 The food bank in Texas hellipA sells food cheaply to customersB grows food on its own farmC supplies local supermarketsD gives out food to poor families

7 The Arnolds realized that the food bank hellipA could help with other areas as well as foodB should stop dealing with food and work in other

areas insteadC was helping the wrong peopleD staff needed help with training and finances

8 They donated to the food bank because hellipA it was a local charityB it was connected to their interest in obesityC it could have broad long-term effects as well as

immediate benefitsD it didnrsquot require a large donation


1 Write an opinion essay with the title lsquoCharity work should not be needed today people should look after themselvesrsquo

2 Write about an experience you have had where you helped someone or did something for charity Describe what you did and how it made you feel


30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8

The idea of the all-inclusive holiday was first introduced in the 1950s by Belgian sportsman Gerard Blitz who founded the Club Mediterraneacutee or Club Med holiday company From its small beginnings as a collection of army tents on a Spanish beach the concept has grown into a huge industry For millions of holidaymakers worldwide the ease of paying a tour operator in advance for everything you will need has proved extremely popular Although the initial cost of the holiday might be higher than a self-catering or half-board holiday tourists know they will avoid any nasty surprises when they add up how much they have spent on eating out and the overall cost will undoubtedly be lower And as sports and activities are also already paid for tourists can enjoy resort facilities without carrying any money

However there are obvious drawbacks to this financially successful idea Resorts that have so many desirable facilities available mean that tourists have very little reason to go anywhere else in the country they are visiting In turn this has a negative effect on local restaurants shops transport and tour guides and may mean reduced income from entry fees to natural or cultural heritage sites Tour companies often owned by large overseas businesses make profits while local communities get little in return In fact research done in Turkey found that only ten per cent of the money spent

on all-inclusive holidays found its way into the local economy and in Majorca local businesses organized a day of protest against all-inclusive holidays

It is not only the lack of spending that affects these holiday destinations Holidaymakers and the resorts that they stay in use significantly more energy and water than local people Also the amount of waste generated by the businesses means that the environmental impact is considerable In the past concerns about the effects of such tourism led governments to consider banning all-inclusive resorts Such an approach was tested in the Gambia in the late 1990s but it had a huge impact on the overall economy as tourist numbers for all kinds of travel decreased Moreover all-inclusive holidays damage the cultural exchange between locals and tourists ndash tourists learn nothing about the country they are visiting and locals resent the tourist industry for harming their livelihoods and in some cases even preventing them from accessing their local beaches

In the last few years mainly due to the global economic crisis all-inclusive holidays have become an increasingly popular way for people with a limited budget to enjoy a break in the sun It could be argued that the companies who run all-inclusive resorts are providing a good service for cash-strapped families and the infrastructure to deal with growing

tourist numbers In doing this they take the pressure off local governments and services and reduce any negative impacts of tourism by keeping the tourists all in one place But what can be done to deal with some of the more difficult issues that all-inclusive holidays raise

For tour companies to really contribute to the destinations they use they need to think about adding to the local economy Many all-inclusive resorts are found in areas which have high levels of unemployment and poverty Although resorts provide considerable local employment they need to offer their employees better wages and working conditions and support local farmers by buying food and produce locally Resorts could encourage their holidaymakers to take excursions out of the resort to experience the local scenery and culture and they could even allow local craftspeople to sell their products inside the resort Only in these ways will money be shared giving everyone a fairer deal

desirable ndash desitjablesinfrastructure ndash infraestructura

The negative effects of all-inclusive holidays


31Exam practice

Reading Writing


1 Why are all-inclusive holidays popularA The cost when booking is lower than other holidaysB There is no need to spend money once yoursquore thereC They are always situated right on the beachD They offer lots of trips to local attractions

2 According to the article what often gives travellers on traditional holidays a shockA the amount theyrsquove spent in restaurantsB the cost of self-catering apartmentsC the number of tourists in the resortsD the cost of local sports facilities

3 People staying in all-inclusive resorts hellipA donrsquot usually use many of the facilitiesB usually spend lots of money in the local communityC are keen to sample local productsD donrsquot tend to contribute much to local businesses

4 What happened in MajorcaA Research showed how little money reached the local

economyB Locals protested against all-inclusive holidaysC All the tour companies were bought up by overseas

businessesD Locals refused to work for all-inclusive resorts

5 The environmental impact of all-inclusive resorts is hellipA greater than that of the local peopleB the same as that of the local peopleC less than that of the local peopleD less than it was in the late 1990s

6 How do many local people feel about all-inclusive tourism in their areaA They think it is helping the local familiesB They are grateful to tourists for boosting their economyC They donrsquot think tourists should be allowed on the

beachesD They feel that all-inclusive tourism is reducing their

incomes

7 How do all-inclusive holiday companies contribute positively to tourist areasA They donate money to poor families in the areaB They contribute to local government budgetsC They stop tourism spreading over a wider areaD They provide facilities for all to enjoy

8 One solution to the impact of all-inclusive holidays could be hellipA to employ more local peopleB to support local businesses and producersC to have more travel companies owned locallyD to reduce the number of tourists in each location


1 Write a description of a country that you would like to visit and say why it appeals to you

2 Write an opinion essay with the title lsquoTourism rarely benefits the countries tourists visitrsquo


32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9

Yoursquore thirsty and you go into a supermarket to buy a drink After walking up and down the aisles you finally find the soft drinks section In front of you there is a shelf full of cans of cola made by four different brands Which one are you going to choose As far as yoursquore concerned they all taste more or less the same Suddenly your hand reaches out instinctively for one brand For some reason you associate this particular cola with leisure chilling out being with friends and having a good time You canrsquot really explain it but you know that this is the coolest cola on the shelf Why

Although shoppers think that they make rational decisions advertisers know that they really follow their feelings As a result advertisers bombard them with images and messages that try to create an emotional link between the shopper and the brand They want consumers to see the cola on the supermarket shelf as part of a lifestyle not just a soft drink And to get their ideas across advertisers create different emotional messages for different groups of people

Teenagersrsquo increased spending power has made them a target for advertisers Hundreds of studies have been carried out on their preferences and they have come to the same conclusion teenagers above all want to be cool Popular culture shows cool people having lots of attractive friends doing fun activities going to the best

places and hanging out Adverts aimed at teenagers sell the chance to be a member of this select group and to take part in their lifestyle These adverts show groups of happy young people at a party or on the beach and the brand is presented as an essential ingredient of having a good social life The message is clear use our product and you can join the lsquoinrsquo crowd Donrsquot use it and yoursquoll be left out

The coolest people around thanks to the media are sport music and entertainment celebrities and the advertising industry pays them very well to endorse their products Advertisers look for successful people with a good public image who are going to make their brands more popular It doesnrsquot matter if the celebrities have never used the products which they are promoting advertisers just want consumers to believe that if they use them some of their heroesrsquo success and charisma will rub off on them

When celebrities and coolness donrsquot work for a product then advertisers turn to one of the most powerful of all human emotions fear Advertisers take minor problems and make them seem a lot worse Then they come up with miracle solutions TV commercials for lsquocuresrsquo for acne are a perfect example a lonely teenage boy looks at the red spots on his face in a bathroom mirror The grey decoration and low lighting all help to create a depressing situation

However after using the advertiserrsquos product he suddenly has perfect skin and is surrounded by attractive girls The success or failure of your personal life according to these advertisements depends on their products

Advertisers use our emotions to attack our insecurities and make us believe that they will be easily relieved by buying something They also want shopping to be a completely emotional experience So the next time you are in a shop or a supermarket ask yourself why your hand is reaching for a particular product Is it because itrsquos good value well-made and just what you really need Or is it because a little voice is telling you this brand will make you cool one of the in-crowd Answer this question and yoursquoll know if the advertisers have managed to get inside your head

aisle ndash passadiacuteschill out ndash relaxar-sebombard ndash bombardejarendorse ndash promocionarrub off ndash contagiar-sein-crowd ndash el grupo de moda

Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice

Choose the best answer according to the text Only one answer is possible

1 What reason is given for choosing the cola drinkA It tastes the same as the othersB Some friends recommended itC It has the best imageD Itrsquos the oldest drink

2 Advertisers want consumers to hellipA feel connected to their productsB think carefully about their productsC have an emotional link with their supermarketsD make rational decisions

3 Why have advertisers decided to target teenagersA Because teenagers are always coolB Because they have more money than beforeC Because of the studies that have been done on

teenagersD Because of their great social lives

4 Advertisements aimed at teenagers want to show them that they will hellip if they use their productA be different from everyone elseB have a great social lifeC travel a lotD be better than everyone else

5 Advertisers think celebrities will hellipA be inexpensive to use in their advertisementsB become more successful thanks to their

productsC use their productsD improve the image of their products

6 How does advertising present some problemsA It makes them seem more importantB It makes them seem less importantC It ignores themD It shows celebrities suffering from them

7 When an advertisement shows a cure for a problem it hellipA deals with the problem realisticallyB is much more depressing than in real lifeC completely changes a personrsquos lifeD involves using lots of products

8 Advertisers want you to choose what seems to be hellipA the product you really needB the most well-made productC the cheapest productD the coolest product

Choose one of the topics Write a minimum of 100 words

1 lsquoWithout advertising people wouldnrsquot buy so many productsrsquo Discuss

2 What makes a successful advertisement

Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10

How PE became part of the curriculum

You might not know the name of Johann Bernhard Basedow but he has certainly had an effect on your life and everybody elsersquos Basedow was an eighteenth-century German educational reformer who recognized the benefits of physical education and introduced daily PE classes in the schools that he was responsible for Since then school sessions dedicated to games and sport have become an integral part of the curriculum of virtually every primary and secondary school in the world Furthermore the vast majority of schools have a gym or playground and a wide range of sports equipment However in some schools in the USA the sports equipment is leaving the gyms and the playgrounds and moving into the classrooms

A study in 2006 which was carried out by the American College of Sports Medicine discovered something that Basedow might have suspected over 200 years ago it found that students who regularly take part in individual or team sports can do better at school 214 secondary school students all took up different sports activities for the study The researchers discovered that the students taking part in sports that involve a lot of aerobic exercise (exercise that makes the heart and lungs work hard) improved their schoolwork performance by at least ten per cent For this improvement to take place the students only had to train for 20 minutes three times a week Just one hourrsquos exercise could see their school grades take a considerable turn

for the betterAs a result of these findings a

number of American schools decided to adapt their timetables and their classrooms and merge PE with some academic subjects At the Naperville Central High School near Chicago it was decided that children with reading and maths problems would start the day in the gymnasium The teachers discovered that PE woke up their brains and helped the students to do much better at both subjects According to Dr Hillman of the University of Illinois it is much easier for students to solve problems after a 30-minute training session But now the students donrsquot just work out in the gym Sports equipment such as treadmills and static bicycles has been installed in the classrooms and the students can use them during lessons The teacher can boost the studentsrsquo attention with a burst of exercise when he or she feels they are losing concentration

Other schools have also decided to introduce physical activity into the classroom but without such big pieces of equipment At a school in Fort Collins California students bounce up and down on big fitness balls instead of sitting on chairs In the classrooms of a school in Missouri there arenrsquot any fitness balls or chairs to sit on High stand-up tables have replaced the traditional desks and chairs and the students stand up for the whole lesson In other schools students jump up and down while they learn maths formulas The teachers at all of these

centres have the same story to tell the students behave better are more focused on their work and get higher exam grades They unanimously agree that workouts in the classroom are an academic winner Furthermore not only do the children produce better school work but they also burn more calories an important consideration in a country where 30 of children and teenagers are overweight

For over 200 years PE has been considered an easy subject by many students and has not always been taken very seriously by some members of the educational community However as more and more research clearly shows the positive benefits that regular exercise has on our mental capacities it might not be long before the experiments carried out in a few American schools become accepted practice everywhere Johann Bernhard Basedow would surely approve

range ndash gammatake up ndash comenccedilar a fermerge ndash combinarwork out ndash fer exercicitreadmill ndash cinta de coacuterrermental capacities ndash capacitat mental


35Exam practice


1 Thanks to Johann Bernhard Basedow hellipA eighteenth-century schools could obtain sports

equipmentB PE became a school subject for most studentsC the modern school curriculum was inventedD a lot of gyms were built for schools

2 What did the 2006 study discoverA All sports activities can help students improve

academicallyB Students who trained a lot didnrsquot have enough time

to studyC Energetic sports helped students improve

academicallyD Too much sport made students too tired to study

3 Students perform better in class after hellipA an hourrsquos training a dayB doing exercise during a period of twenty weeksC spending 10 of their time at school doing sportD working out for sixty minutes a week

4 Children at the Naperville Central High School hellipA do exercises in the gym and in the classroomB all have problems with reading and mathsC start every class with exercises to stay awakeD are the fittest students in Illinois

5 Why have some schools put sports equipment in classesA So that students sleep better at nightB To improve studentsrsquo concentrationC To entertain students between lessonsD To make maths and reading classes more fun

6 How do other schools provide exercise in classroomsA By changing or taking away furnitureB By using big pieces of gymnasium equipmentC By making the students jump up and down for the

whole lessonD By playing ball games in the classroom

7 Teachers say that exercise in the classroom hellipA has improved their studentsrsquo sports abilityB improves students in a number of waysC has caused some behavioural problemsD helps the schools produce winning teams

8 The text finishes by suggesting that hellipA the experiments at American schools wonrsquot continueB research still hasnrsquot shown a clear link between

exercise and better academic performanceC Basedowrsquos ideas are unlikely to be taken seriouslyD combined PE and academic subject classes may

become common


1 lsquoSome people take sport too seriously whether they watch it or play itrsquo Discuss

2 Write an email to your local government to complain about the sports facilities in your area and make recommendations

Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11

Itrsquos the year 2154 and humans have landed on the planet Pandora millions of kilometres away from Earth The planet is inhabited by the Narsquovi a race of human-like beings that live in perfect harmony with their environment The humans whose home planet Earth has few natural resources left have come to Pandora to mine a valuable mineral unobtanium If necessary they are willing to destroy the Narsquovi their culture and their planet to get it Using futuristic machinery the humans line up against the apparently primitive Narsquovi in a dramatic final battle scene that determines the future of Pandora and its inhabitants

You will no doubt have identified the film as Avatar the 21st centuryrsquos most successful futuristic science fiction film so far Its incredible box-office success confused cinema experts as many had predicted that it would be a flop As the film went on to attract record-breaking audiences around the planet film critics came to a conclusion about why film fans had flocked to see it cinema-goers love science fiction stories about the future But does Avatar really talk about the future

Replace Pandora with the rainforest in South America and the Narsquovi with one of the approximately 70 rainforest tribes that still hasnrsquot had any contact with the outside world and Avatar begins to look like an allegory for

what is happening here and now on planet Earth The need to find more and more natural resources that can be turned into products to be sold in the developed world means that multinational companies using sophisticated machinery are gradually destroying the whole region Ecologists claim you donrsquot need to go to the cinema to see the dramatic battle that will determine our future it is taking place right now in the rainforest

The similarities between the plot of a science fiction film and real-life events however are not coincidences Whether consciously or not the creators of futuristic fantasy worlds that we might inhabit in the future are often actually telling us about the world we live in today Back in the 1970s the galactic battles in Star Wars between the democratic Rebel Alliance and the totalitarian Galactic Empire reflected the power struggle between the American-led West and the Russian-dominated Soviet bloc during the Cold War However as the relationship between the two political systems improved in the early 1980s friendly aliens in films such as ET appeared in our cinemas Here were creatures that were not a threat but that we still didnrsquot understand at all

So what does contemporary science fiction tell us about life today The series of Matrix films at the turn of

the 21st century portrayed a society where the distinctions between the real and the virtual are unclear It is a world where the heroes are computer specialists and The Matrix reflected the impact on peoplersquos lives of the virtual world of the internet Now after a decade of financial recession that has seen the gap between the rich and poor grow the film Elysium depicts a divided human race with the wealthy living on a luxurious space station while the rest of humanity survives on an overpopulated and polluted Earth providing services and goods for the better-off It would be difficult to portray the inequalities in the relationship between todayrsquos developed and less developed worlds more clearly

willing ndash disposat disposadaflop ndash fracagravesflock ndash anar en ramatturn into ndash convertir-se enstruggle ndash lluitarecession ndash recessioacute

Does science fiction really talk about the future


37Exam practice


1 The Narsquovi of Pandora hellipA mine unobtaniumB have destroyed their own cultureC appear to live in a rudimentary societyD do not respect the environment of the planet

2 What did many critics think about AvatarA It wouldnrsquot be successfulB It was confusingC It would break recordsD It was incredible

3 According to the critics why was Avatar a success A Because they had recommended itB Because of foreign audiencesC Because of the endingD Because of the topic of the film

4 The writer suggests that Pandora hellipA is populated by a lot of tribesB could represent a specific area of the EarthC is a real placeD is the name of part of the Brazilian rainforest

5 What do ecologists thinkA A real fight is already in progressB The cinema is a good way to learn about the

rainforestC People shouldnrsquot go to the cinemaD Avatar is helping them to change the future

6 What do creators of films about the future often tell usA What life on Earth will be like in the futureB What it will be like to live on another planetC What happened during important events of

the pastD What is happening on Earth now

7 What does the text say about Star WarsA It reflected the space battles between America

and RussiaB It improved relationships between America and

RussiaC It represents the political problems between

America and RussiaD A lot of friendly aliens appeared in it

8 The wealthy people in Elysium hellipA represent todayrsquos less developed worldB donrsquot live on Earth any moreC are only a little richer than the poor peopleD want to return to Earth


1 Describe three personal objectives that you have for the future

2 lsquoThe future is more frightening than excitingrsquo Discuss

Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12

The revolution in digital and communications technology including the arrival of the internet computers and many other devices has often been thought to have a negative effect on our mental abilities When writing was first invented around 6000 years ago it probably caused a similar reaction Prior to the development of writing storytellers had developed much-admired memorization techniques to pass down stories and wisdom so writing was probably seen as a threat by many who felt that these skills would no longer be needed

Critics probably thought that users of writing would soon suffer memory loss and that it would prevent people from learning anything Those in favour of writing may have countered that it was essential for record keeping and sending news across large distances and rather than hindering education it would open up new horizons for everybody and would improve personal national and international communications They believed that it was essential that people should learn it and they did Today nearly 85 of the worldrsquos adults can read and write

As we all know time proved those fears about the negative effects of writing on mental ability to be unfounded and in fact the skills of reading and writing have helped to enhance our brain power And just as past generations overcame their fears of the written word so we too are beginning to appreciate that not everything about digital and communications technology is bad news

The arrival of smartphones video games and a wide range of computer formats has been accompanied by warnings about the terrible consequences that their use would have particularly for children and teenagers However recent research has shown that while the excessive use of these devices can have negative consequences in general they can help people of all ages to learn faster and improve their mental agility

Video games perhaps the area of modern technology that has received most criticism have been shown to improve the speed at which people can make decisions by 25 Furthermore the accuracy of those decisions is just as good as those made by people who need more time Video games also train users to be able to concentrate on six different things at the same time without losing control compared to the four things that non-players can focus on Psychologist C Shawn Green of the University of Wisconsin in the USA says that playing video games exercises the brain in much the same way as reading playing the piano or navigating the streets of a big city like London Another study of nearly 500 young teenagers found that the more the youngsters played computer games the more their marks in a creativity test that involved drawing and writing improved

However it is not just the brains of young video and computer gamers that are getting more exercise The new technologies are also helping older people to reactivate their brain cells and to reuse mental skills that have

become rusty In a study carried out at the University of California Los Angeles psychiatrists and neuroscientists scanned the brains of adults between the ages of 55 and 78 before and after spending a week using the internet The results showed that the internet stimulated the areas of the brain associated with decision-making and short-term memory and appeared to improve how these essential areas work

Naturally further studies are needed to discover the long-term effects of regularly using communications and information technology but some experts believe that when these studies happen the results are more likely to be positive than negative However everyone involved in the research agrees that there is a well-known expression that is just as applicable to modern technology as it is to everything else all things in moderation

counter ndash argumentarhinder ndash entorpirunfounded ndash sense fonamentenhance ndash milloraraccuracy ndash precisioacuterusty ndash rovellat rovellada

The positive effects of technology


39Exam practice


1 Fans of the development of writing may have believed hellipA people wouldnrsquot have to learn anythingB it was only useful for keeping recordsC it would prevent memory lossD it would help people stay in contact with each other

2 What do the paragraphs about reading and writing indicateA Some people were worried by new ways of

communicatingB All new things are accepted by everybodyC People in the past used their brains more than we doD Storytellers are as important now as they were

in the past

3 Thanks to the passing of time people realized that hellipA they didnrsquot need memorization techniquesB their fears were correctC the new skills had a positive effect on mental abilityD they couldnrsquot remember the traditional stories

4 Recent research has shown that hellipA the warnings about devices were exaggeratedB children learn more slowly because of computersC using devices is always bad for youD new devices should be accompanied by a warning

5 What has research discovered about video gamesA Playersrsquo decision making is worseB The criticism of video games is justifiedC Players are quicker at deciding what to doD Players lose control of the things that they are

concentrating on

6 One study showed that hellipA playing computer games can harm a childrsquos readingB playing computer games could improve test scoresC playing a musical instrument is bad for the brainD studentsrsquo drawing and writing is not affected by

computer games

7 Using the internet has allowed older adults to hellipA study subjects that they had forgottenB use important areas of the brain more effectivelyC do their jobs betterD go back to university

8 Studies in the future will possibly look at hellipA the moderate use of technologyB the negative results of research in the pastC expressions used in modern technologyD what happens when people use technology

over a long period of time


1 lsquoLife without computer technology would be impossiblersquo Discuss

2 Write a review of a video computer game that you enjoy playing What are its good and bad points

Reading Writing


40 Writing worksheets

Writing worksheet 1 A summary

Better writing step 11 Choose the correct options

1 The author starts in by giving the background of the subject

2 The text deals discusses ways of encouraging people to act

3 The text says describes the various problems caused by the lack of funding

4 The article is of about ways to reduce the impact of deforestation

5 The author points out at the differences between the two methods

6 According to of the author very little is being done to help

7 The author conclusions concludes that small changes in behaviour can reduce the impact

2 Summarize the sentences1 There are many ways to interact with other

people on social media Examples of this include lsquolikingrsquo photos and comments and sharing links

2 Recent trends in social media use suggest that

people are more interested in controlling which of their photos and other media are shared

3 A good example of this is how young people

favour multiple smaller messaging apps because the data is protected and not made public

4 Another reason for this shift away from social

media to messaging apps is that like email it requires people to actively check their accounts

5 These trends are likely to continue for many

reasons such as increasing amounts of data work and how fast our lives have become today

Better writing step 23 Tick () the pieces of information which should

be included in a summary1 The main topic of the article 2 The main ideas of the article 3 Specific examples or details 4 The authorrsquos conclusion 5 Your opinion 6 Direct quotes from the article

4 Read the summary Cross out the pieces of information (1-8) which are unnecessary

The article is about different ways of improving peoplesrsquo experience and (1) safety on social media The author starts by explaining that social media companies (2) like Facebook and Twitter are intent on making money from their usersrsquo personal data (3) which they use to help other companies (4) such as banks and dating agencies make their advertising more effective The author suggests reducing how easy it is for other users to see your photos (5) and other personal information by changing your security preferences (6) This can be done by going into the settings and clicking on the lsquodonrsquot sharersquo tab Also according to the author users should avoid reading the comments sections on external links because they are often designed to make people angry (7) An example of this is when people share videos or photos of someone doing something people are likely to disagree with The author concludes by saying that the less we share on social media (8) the safer we are

5 Find the words or expressions in the summary to match the definitions1 To use images and words to get people to buy

something 2 Determined to do 3 Connections to other websites 4 Organizations which connect people

romantically 5 Options for controlling safety 6 To post or repost something on social media


41Writing worksheets

Writing worksheet 2 A narrative


1 At first As soon as I got home I switched on the TV and had a cup of coffee

2 It was quite a dangerous journey but in the end lastly we got home safely

3 We had been living in Glasgow for during about six years when I met him

4 Ben jumped up and started singing then soon the teacher came in and we all started laughing

5 At the end final of the night everyone was exhausted and just wanted to go to bed

6 I fell over at the top of the ski slope and the next thing I knew while I was at the bottom

7 It wasnrsquot until finally afterwards that we realized how expensive the tickets were

8 We were very lucky that we had prepared the food earlier at first so we werenrsquot hungry

2 Complete the sentences with the adverbs in the box

absolutelyemsp completelyemsp confidently looselyemsp particularlyemsp sadly

1 He stood on the stage and spoke about his happy days at the school

2 I was certain that my keys were in my bag when I left the house

3 My father hadnrsquot turned the oven on so the turkey was frozen

4 So I tied the scarf around my neck and walked out into the snow

5 our pet cat died the following week

6 We were interested in our grandfatherrsquos experiences during the war

3 Correct the errors in the sentences1 My Dad thought we werenrsquot taking the game

enough in serious 2 We ran to catch the plane I arrived first because my

bag was as light like a feather 3 We went running to the house so that we didnrsquot get

too wet in the rain 4 I like planes because I enjoy the sensation of flying

as a bird 5 It was silent in the library All of a surprise my phone

rang 6 Although it was a scary experience in the final we

were all able to laugh about it

Better writing step 24 Complete the gaps in the text using expressions

in the box

all of a suddenemsp afterwardsemsp as soon asemsp earlieremsp eventuallyemsp in the endemsp

next thing I knewemsp soonemsp thenemsp while

Several years ago I went to the cinema with my boyfriend and some friends I canrsquot remember the name of the film but it was really popular in fact my friends had already bought their tickets (1) in the day

(2) we arrived at the cinema I told my friends to go in (3) I bought my ticket I said that I would find them (4) The queue was absolutely enormous and I waited impatiently for quite a long time before I (5) bought my ticket

I went to find my friends but I couldnrsquot see them anywhere I knew that the film was going to start (6) so I started to panic I tried to find my boyfriend I looked around nervously and found who I thought was my boyfriend and sat down next to him The (7) my boyfriend was resting his head comfortably on my shoulder We were sitting like this for about ten minutes when (8) an angry woman appeared and started to shout at us It was only (9) that I realized that the person sitting next to me was not my boyfriend at all I was so embarrassed

(10) I found my boyfriend and friends I explained what had happened and they thought it was hilarious I still canrsquot remember what the film was called

5 Find the words or expressions in the text that match the definitions1 In an anxious manner 2 Feeling shame 3 Very big 4 Leaning on someone 5 In a physically relaxed way

6 Showing irritation at waiting

7 Very funny



Writing worksheet 3 A problem-solving essay

Better writing step 11 Complete the sentences with the words in

the box

aimemsp asemsp notemsp orderemsp thatemsp view

1 Some Internet search engines have introduced fact checking so users can avoid fake news

2 Some people have stopped using social media entirely in to escape fake news

3 Internet providers have started researching search control options with a to aiding us to limit our exposure to fake news

4 People should always check the origin of a news story so as to spread fake news

5 The option to block some websites will be introduced with the of reducing exposure to fake news without censorship

6 So to protect users from misinformation social networks should check all news stories shared on their sites

2 Correct the errors in the sentences1 The government needs to take steps for to

reduce the effects of fake news

2 It is vital that action is taken to combat these questions

3 One thing that could be made to solve this is to require all social networks to report fake news

4 Fake news encouraging acts of violence is a very authentic problem

5 The way these news stories present informations has had a significant effect on us

6 One possible resolution is to have schools teach classes about how to detect fake news

Better writing step 23 Four sentences or clauses have been removed

from the text Complete gaps 1ndash4 with sentences andashda This is a real problemb so as to help them navigate the modern world

effectivelyc it should be restricted in order to protect young

peopled but it has also led to some new complications

Advertising is everywhere What are the problems and what solutions can you suggest

Aensp In recent years there has been a distinct growth in the amount of advertising that invades both public and private spaces This brings obvious advantages such as income from renting space or time to advertisers (1)

Bensp While advertising can be very useful for informing people about products and services the manner in which it is carried out needs improvement Not only are some billboards inappropriate for children but they also present unrealistic examples of the human body which they may wish to imitate (2)

Censp One possible solution is to regulate this type of advertising more strictly and fine anyone who breaks the rules Every effort should be made to educate young people about the way advertising works (3)

Densp To conclude whilst advertising shouldnrsquot be banned entirely (4)

4 Read the text and match paragraphs AndashD with the descriptions 1ndash41 problems with advertising 2 conclusion 3 introduction 4 solutions to the problems

5 Complete the writing tips with the words in the box

examplesemsp formalemsp linkingemsp logical

1 Write your essay in a style2 Use expressions to connect

your ideas3 Support your main points with concrete

4 Include a solution



Writing worksheet 4 An opinion essay

Better writing step 11 Complete the gaps in the sentences

1 A to recent statistics shoplifting has increased in the last few months

2 P I am of the opinion that people who are convicted of reckless driving should lose their licence

3 The q is whether cruelty to animals should receive a prison sentence or not

4 We f that mugging should receive the maximum penalty

5 Many people c hacking a computer to be damage to property

6 It is often a that trespassing is an offence

7 There are many e of plagiarism on the internet

8 Many people take the v that people caught littering should be fined

2 Choose the correct options1 Some people think criminals should be forgiven

provided unless they show genuine remorse2 I think that bank fraud should carry a heavy fine

Moreover However not everyone agrees3 To sum up Unless we believe that bigger fines

will help to reduce these problems4 Judges should review every case That way

Moreover they will all be dealt with individually5 Unless Provided something is done we will see

more and more of these crimes6 Provided Personally I think that these crimes are

a serious problem7 According Provided to local residents there has

been an increase in vandalism in the area

3 Match the sentences 1ndash5 to the reduced relative clauses AndashE1 A local security guard found the bags 2 Detectives found the gang from photos 3 A witness saw a man 4 Police arrested the man 5 The new law

A uploaded to their social media accountsB has reduced the number of these crimesC stolen by the thiefD wearing a mask take the moneyE driving the car at the time of the robbery

Better writing step 24 Correct the underlined errors in the text

Local councils should be allowed to fine people for littering Discuss

Aensp According (1) of recent studies the amount of litter on our streets has been increasing at a steady rate The question we need to answer is should local councils be allowed to fine people for it

Bensp A number of people take the (2) idea that in urban areas at least the council is responsible for cleaning the streets and collecting litter They are of the opinion that provided that they pay tax they should be able to do as they wish (3) Moreover I believe that this is a very inconsiderate way to think

Censp In the current economic climate with cuts to public services it is getting more and more difficult for councils to clean up litter (4) dropping in the street I (5) felt that councils should fine anyone littering that way it will discourage the behaviour and create income and replace lost funds

Densp To (6) summary not only would giving fines reduce instances of littering but it would also allow councils to keep our streets even cleaner

5 Read the text and match paragraphs AndashD with the descriptions 1ndash41 Sum up your opinion 2 Support your opinion 3 An opposing opinion 4 Introduce your opinion

6 Write a definition for each word or expression1 discourage 2 inconsiderate 3 steady rate 4 tax 5 cuts ___



Writing worksheet 5 A review of a show

Better writing step 11 Correct the errors in the sentences

1 To be honest I encountered the whole performance dull

2 I wouldnrsquot have lost seeing them perform live for the world

3 What I was liking most was the way the musicians worked well together

4 I was impressioned by how high the singerrsquos voice could go

5 If you get chance to see them in concert I highly recommend it

2 Complete the sentences with the correct intensifiers1 Some of the band looked t bored

throughout the concert2 I absolutely loved the h

imaginative production3 The song about her mother was d

moving4 He sang as though he was t

unaware of the audience5 The dancers must have been t tired

after performing for three hours non-stop6 The best thing for me were the u

ridiculous costumes the guitarist wore

3 Replace the normal adjectives with strong adjectives1 The show finished so late that by the time I got

home I was very tired 2 When I saw they were playing a concert near me

I was very excited 3 The play was very funny 4 The Halloween masks the singers were wearing

were really scary 5 The theatre was really dirty

Better writing step 24 Complete the gaps in the text

Review Hamlet ndash to see or not to see

Aensp Last week I saw Hamlet performed (1) the Hamilton Theatre I used to love going to the theatre but in recent years I havenrsquot had the time Irsquove seen some (2) remarkable performances Unfortunately this was not one of them

Bensp (3) I liked most was the performance of the lead actor He was obviously very talented and put on at times a (4) taking interpretation of the troubled Hamlet In particular I found his version of the famous lsquoto be or not to bersquo scene especially (5) -provoking Whatrsquos more there had clearly been a lot of effort put into the costumes which were stunning

Censp Unfortunately I was unimpressed (6) the rest of the cast who remained unconvincing throughout the play In fact some of the actors were absolutely awful and I left feeling truly disappointed

Densp I (7) recommend seeing Hamlet especially if you are new to Shakespeare However if you ever (8) the chance I would suggest seeing it at the Belgate Theatre Company instead because the actors are better and itrsquos only slightly more expensive

Rating 25 ndash Average

5 Read the text and match paragraphs AndashD with the descriptions 1ndash41 Highlights and positive aspects 2 Overall impression 3 Recommendation 4 Negative aspects

6 Find the words or expressions in the text that match the definitions1 Having a natural skill 2 The performers 3 Not believable 4 Having a lot of problems 5 The main part in a play film or TV series

6 A little bit



Writing worksheet 6 A formal email


1 Dear Sir Madam Irsquom writing to for the position of sports coach

2 Irsquom writing to about the post of match steward

3 At Irsquom training as a youth football coach4 Please my CV attached5 If you have any please do not hesitate to

contact me6 faithfully

2 Choose the correct options1 I have been volunteering in a community centre

as a result of so as to gain experience working with old people

2 In spite of Even though studying most weekday evenings I have still found time to help out at the local animal shelter

3 Initially Eventually I worked at the library to earn a little money but now I realize that I have a passion for books

4 I would like to have the opportunity to work for you so so as to I can do something I think will really benefit the community

5 Even though Despite I did not finish the course it gave me an insight into teaching

3 Complete the sentences with the words in the box

althoughemsp asemsp as well asemsp before following thisemsp in addition

1 I have a lot of experience working with children training in first aid

2 Irsquom a very good communicator I have a high level of French

3 Irsquove never had a full-time job I have been volunteering at the local cultural centre

4 I would like to have the opportunity to see another country I start studying for a Masterrsquos degree

5 I have my university entrance exams next week I am hoping to earn some money to

help support myself during my studies6 I would have no problem speaking to clients in

English I have an Advanced Certificate in English Communication Skills


Dear Sir Madam

I am writing (1) to respond to your advertisement for the post of festival steward I am (2) actually studying for my baccalaureate which I will take in June of next year I am looking to gain work experience this summer and believe that I would be ideal for the position

I feel I would be (3) adequate for the post because I enjoy working outdoors and (4) Irsquom a very responsible person Furthermore I believe I am well-disciplined and good (5) in giving clear and concise instructions

I have been working as a steward at local football matches and (6) as result have some experience of dealing with crowds Moreover I have a good standard of spoken English due (7) for

having recently passed the B2 First

I would be delighted to be considered for an interview Please find my (8) curriculum

attached If you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact me

I look forward to (9) hear from you

Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia

5 Read the letter of application and tick () the information that is included1 Full name 2 Family background 3 How you meet the criteria for the job 4 Hobbies 5 Reason for applying 6 Parentsrsquo jobs 7 A call to action 8 Previous experience



Writing worksheet 7 A report


1 Further we would like to have more opportunities to see local wildlife

2 Regarding to eating arrangements students have complained about the quality of the food

3 With regard to organize social events in the evenings it is clear that they are not popular

4 Round two thirds of students complained of cold water in the showers

5 The bedrooms were very warm In additionally the beds were very comfortable

6 Conclusion the activities and accommodation are areas for improvement

2 Put the words in order to make sentences1 drinks of wider of like people juices

would a choice fruit and a warm majority

A majority of people would like a wider choice of fruit juices and warm drinks

2 less customers to that like it pay appears would

3 this of student report the to objective satisfaction evaluate is

4 issue of have an getting with large up students a early number

5 away room addition five the break minutes in is

Better writing step 23 Complete the gaps in the text with linkers

from the box

concernedemsp conclusionemsp faremsp howeveremsp inemsp particularemsp regardingemsp suchemsp well asemsp whatrsquos

A The purpose of this report is to assess the

satisfaction of participants in the schoolrsquos week-long activity camp and identify areas for improvement Participants were sent a questionnaire to complete of which about three quarters were returned

B (1) the sports available just over

half the students were happy with what was on offer In (2) kayaking and windsurfing were especially popular (3) the majority of students agreed that there should be more team sports such as football and volleyball

C Most students felt that the activity registration

process could be smoother (4) more they felt that it was unfair to limit choices to groups for certain types of activities (5) as all indoor activities all water sports or all crafts rather than being able to pick and choose from any category

D As (6) as the cost is (7)

a large number of students felt it to be very reasonable As (8) that they liked being able to pay monthly

E (9) addition it seems that most

students would like to do more team games and water sports In (10) they would like to have more freedom to choose activities We feel that if these recommendations are implemented the next camp will be even better

4 Read the text and match paragraphs AndashE with the headings in the box

Aimsemsp Priceemsp Range of activitiesRecommendationsemsp Registration



Writing worksheet 8 A for and against essay

Better writing step 11 Rewrite the words in bold so that they are more

formal1 People think that children should do what their

parents say

2 Lots of people believe that some parts of the world are becoming too dangerous to visit

3 Research suggests itrsquoll change the way people do business

4 There are clearly a few good things of air travel being so cheap

2 Complete the gaps in the sentences1 On there are clear advantages to

both forms of transport2 In my people should try to be as

respectful to other cultures as possible3 Many think that they should be able

to visit any country in the world4 It is sometimes that the environment

would benefit from less travel5 On the other the hotels in rich

countries can be very expensive

3 Correct the errors in the sentences1 Work for a few months in a foreign country has

become a popular way to see the world

2 In these days people can communicate with people from around the world

3 In recently years research suggests that air travel is having a serious impact on the environment

4 However is very difficult for people to change their travel habits

Better writing step 24 Complete paragraphs AndashD with sentences 1ndash4

1 it will depend on what they can afford2 is an important part of the economy in many

parts of the world3 while others dedicate the time to pursuing a

hobby4 or cultural interest will learn about their own

heritage

Today more and more people choose to stay at home for their holidays Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this situation and give your opinion

A In recent years people have increasingly been choosing to remain at home for their holidays rather than travel abroad Some people use the time to visit local attractions

B On the one hand people who stay at home spend more money in their local area which will help boost the economy In addition people who visit sites of historical

C On the other hand there are clearly some disadvantages It is said that travelling abroad opens the mind to other cultures and ideas which is less likely to happen if people stay at home What is more foreign tourism

D In my opinion people should try to divide their time between foreign and domestic tourism That way they get the benefits of both However

5 Read the text and match paragraphs AndashD with the descriptions 1ndash41 Your opinion D2 Arguments against 3 Arguments for 4 Introduction


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3

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Oxford University Press is the worldrsquos authority on the English language

As part of the University of Oxford we are committed to furthering English language learning worldwide

We continuously bring together our experience expertise and research to create resources such as Key 2nd edition helping millions of learners of English to achieve their potential

Unlock your potential for Exam success

The Exam Trainer includes

Clear and easy-to-use presentation pages and practice activities to guide you through all types of exam tasks

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A wealth of authentic exam practice will prepare you effectively for your university entrance exam

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Key 2nd edition Exam Trainer is part of the Key 2nd edition series and can also be used independently

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9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7

This course can be used as part of preparation for the Oxford Test of English and the Oxford Test of English for Schools

wwwoxfordtestofenglishcom

withemspOnline Practice

Exam Trainer BATXILERGOA BACHAREL

ATO

BACH

ILL



1Great Clarendon Street Oxford ox2 6dp United Kingdom

Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the Universityrsquos objective of excellence in research scholarship and education by publishing worldwide Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries

copy Oxford University Press 2021

The moral rights of the author have been asserted

First published in 2021 2025 2024 2023 2022 202110 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

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Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only Oxford disclaims any responsibility for the materials contained in any third party website referenced in this work

isbn 978 0 19 484315 7

Printed in Spain

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acknowledgements

Back cover photograph Oxford University Press buildingDavid Fisher

Reading practice Listening practice and Exam practice pages by Paul Kelly and Liz Hammond


3

Exam practice

Contents

Contents










Listening practicePage 12





5 Eight situations





1 How to be happy





6 Cargotecture








1 A summary

2 A narrative


4 An opinion essay


6 A formal email

7 A report



4 Reading practice

Reading 1



on an expedition




exciting












5Reading practice

Reading 2

Reading practice

Reading 2
















6 Reading practice

Reading 3











methods











7Reading practice

Reading 4












players










8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



3

Exam practice

Contents

Contents










Listening practicePage 12





5 Eight situations





1 How to be happy





6 Cargotecture








1 A summary

2 A narrative


4 An opinion essay


6 A formal email

7 A report



4 Reading practice

Reading 1



on an expedition




exciting












5Reading practice

Reading 2

Reading practice

Reading 2
















6 Reading practice

Reading 3











methods











7Reading practice

Reading 4












players










8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



4 Reading practice

Reading 1



on an expedition




exciting












5Reading practice

Reading 2

Reading practice

Reading 2
















6 Reading practice

Reading 3











methods











7Reading practice

Reading 4












players










8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



5Reading practice

Reading 2

Reading practice

Reading 2
















6 Reading practice

Reading 3











methods











7Reading practice

Reading 4












players










8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



6 Reading practice

Reading 3











methods











7Reading practice

Reading 4












players










8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



7Reading practice

Reading 4












players










8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



8 Reading practice

Reading 5









week




recycling it
















9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



9Reading practice

Reading 6





mistaken




wrong




friend or relative










DNA testing brings



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



10 Reading practice

Reading 7












women







11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



11Reading practice

Reading 8




own way




original school


















modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL












modern clothes










children










careers


13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



13

Exam practice

Listening practice













power











education



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



14

Reading 1

Listening practice

Listening 5

Eight situations




















Listening 6








appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL









appearance



















powerful people



16 Exam practice

Exam practice 1










How to be happy


17Exam practice









sunlight











Reading Writing


18 Exam practice

Exam practice 2











19Exam practice

















Reading Writing


20 Exam practice

Exam practice 3











21Exam practice

Reading Writing










in 2D




future





22 Exam practice

Exam practice 4











23Exam practice

Reading Writing



longer





of their life











24 Exam practice

Exam practice 5











25Exam practice

Reading Writing



















26 Exam practice

Exam practice 6










Cargotecture


27Exam practice

Reading Writing









transport





bathrooms





28 Exam practice

Exam practice 7










29Exam practice

Reading Writing








successful


technology













30 Exam practice

Exam practice 8











31Exam practice

Reading Writing











incomes







32 Exam practice

Exam practice 9










Selling a lifestyle


33Exam practice

Exam practice















Reading Writing


34 Exam practice

Exam practice 10











35Exam practice
















become common




Reading Writing


36 Exam practice

Exam practice 11











37Exam practice


















Reading Writing


38 Exam practice

Exam practice 12












39Exam practice





in the past




concentrating on


computer games







Reading Writing

























































in the box









7 Very funny





the box

























































































6 A little bit

























Dear Sir Madam








Yours faithfully

Carlos Garcia




















from the box



















parents say



















heritage










3

wwwoupes















9 7 8 0 1 9 4 8 4 3 1 5 7

ISBN 978-0-19-484315-7





ATO

BACH

ILL



exam preparation for catalunya

Documents