exam questions humerus

QuestionsHumerus

Anterior aspect proximal humerusThe highlighted area1 Is called the greater tuberosity

2 Is called the lesser tuberosity

3 Receives the supraspinatus muscle

4 Receives the infraspinatus muscle

5 Receives the subscapularis muscle

Anterior aspect proximal humerus

This is the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus.It receives the subscapularis muscle which internally rotates the arm.

The supraspinatus and infraspinatus attaches to the greater tuberosity which is the more lateral prominence of the proximal humerus

The highlighted area1 Is called the greater tuberosity F

2 Is called the lesser tuberosity T

3 Receives the supraspinatus muscle F

4 Receives the infraspinatus muscle F

5 Receives the subscapularis muscle T

Posterior aspect distal humerusThe highlighted area is called the1 Capitulum

2 Trochlea

3 Olecranon fossa

4 Coronoid fossa

5 Trochlear fossa

Posterior aspect distal humerus

This is the olecranon fossa, it articulates with the olecranon process of the proximal ulna.The coronoid fossa is on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus and articulates with the coronoid process of the ulna.There is no trochlear fossa

The highlighted area is called the1 Capitulum F

2 Trochlea F

3 Olecranon fossa T

4 Coronoid fossa F

5 Trochlear fossa F

The lower end of the humerus gives attachment to1 flexor digitorum profundus

2 flexor pollicis longus

3 supinator

4 common extensor tendon

5 biceps brachii

Flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus belong to the ‘deep group’ of muscles of the flexor compartment of forearm, and have no attachment proximal to the elbow Both supinator and the common extensor tendon arise from the lateral epicondyle of the humerusBiceps brachii has no attachment to the humerus whatsoever!

The lower end of the humerus gives attachment to1 flexor digitorum profundus F

2 flexor pollicis longus F

3 supinator T

4 common extensor tendon T

5 biceps brachii F

Inferior/oblique view distal humerus

The highlighted area is called the1 Olecranon process

2 Coronoid process

3 Trochlea

4 Medial epicondyle

5 Capitulum


The highlighted area is called the1 Olecranon process F

2 Coronoid process F

3 Trochlea F

4 Medial epicondyle T

5 Capitulum F

Anterior aspect proximal humerusThe highlighted area1 Is called the lesser tuberosity

2 Is called the greater tuberosity

3 Gives attachment to the subclavius muscle

4 Gives attachment to the supraspinatus muscle

5 Gives attachment to the subscapularis muscle

Anterior aspect proximal humerusThe highlighted area1 Is called the lesser tuberosity F

2 Is called the greater tuberosity T

3 Gives attachment to the subclavius muscle

F

4 Gives attachment to the supraspinatus muscle

T

5 Gives attachment to the subscapularis muscle

F

This is the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus It gives attachment to

– supraspinatus muscle which abducts the arm– Infraspinatus which externally rotates the arm– Teres minor which externally rotates the arm

The subscapularis attaches to the lesser tuberosityThe subclavius attaches to the clavicle

Anterior aspect distal humerus

The highlighted area articulates with1 Styloid process of the radius

2 Olecranon process of the ulna

3 Head of the radius

4 Head of the ulna

5 Coronoid process of the ulna


The highlighted area articulates with1 Styloid process of the radius F

2 Olecranon process of the ulna F

3 Head of the radius T

4 Head of the ulna F

5 Coronoid process of the ulna F

This is the capitulum of the distal humerus.It articulates with the head of the proximal radius.The styloid process is on the distal aspect of the radius at the wrist joint.The ulna articulates with the trochlea

Superior or bird’s eye view proximal humerus

The highlighted area is called the1 Lesser tuberosity

2 Lesser trochanter

3 Medial condyle

4 Anterior condyle

5 Greater tuberosity


The highlighted area is called the1 Lesser tuberosity T

2 Lesser trochanter F

3 Medial condyle F

4 Anterior condyle F

5 Greater tuberosity F

Concerning relationships of nerves to the humerus: 1 The radial nerve passes through the bicipital groove

2 The median nerve is closely related to the spiral groove of the distal humerus

3 The radial nerve is closely related to the spiral groove on the midshaft of the radius

4 The ulnar nerve is closely related to the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus

5 The ulnar nerve is closely related to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Nerves

Concerning relationships of nerves to the humerus: 1 The radial nerve passes through the bicipital groove F

2 The median nerve is closely related to the spiral groove of the distal humerus F

3 The radial nerve is closely related to the spiral groove on the midshaft of the radius

F

4 The ulnar nerve is closely related to the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus

F

5 The ulnar nerve is closely related to the medial epicondyle of the humerus T

Nerves

The radial nerve is closely related to the spiral groove on the midshaft of the humerus.The ulnar nerve is immediately posterior to the medial epicondyle of the distal humerusThe long head of biceps tendon passes through the bicipital groove of the proximal humerus

Anterior aspect proximal humerusThe following muscles attach to the highlighted area and move the arm as stated1 Subscapularis which elevates the arm

2 Infraspinatus which externally rotates the arm

3 Subscapularis which internally rotates the arm

4 Supraspinatus which abducts the arm

5 Infraspinatus which internally rotates the arm

Anterior aspect proximal humerusThe following muscles attach to the highlighted area and move the arm as stated1 Subscapularis which elevates the arm F


T


F

4 Supraspinatus which abducts the arm T


F

The highlighted area is the greater tuberosity which provides attachment for 3 of the 4 rotatorcuff muscles.From superior to posterior they are

– Supraspinatus which abducts the arm– Infraspinatus which externally rotates the arm– Teres minor which externally rotates the arm

The subscapularis is the other rotator cuff muscle. It attaches to the lesser tuberosity andinternally rotates the arm.


The highlighted area1 Is called the trochlea

2 Is called the capitulum

3 Is called the coronoid process

4 Is called the coracoid process

5 Is called the olecranon process


The highlighted area is called the trochlea

The highlighted area1 Is called the trochlea T

2 Is called the capitulum F

3 Is called the coronoid process F

4 Is called the coracoid process F

5 Is called the olecranon process F

Anterior Aspect Distal Humerus

The following muscles arise from here1 Palmaris longus

2 Flexor pollicis longus

3 Extensor carpi ulnaris

4 Pronator teres

5 Flexor carpi radialis


This is the medial epicondyle of the distal humerus. It gives rise to the common flexor tendons. These include pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus and flexor digitorum. Flexor pollicis longus arises from the shaft of the volar aspect of the radius. Extensor carpi ulnaris arises from the common extensor tendon on the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus.

The following muscles arise from here1 Palmaris longus T

2 Flexor pollicis longus F

3 Extensor carpi ulnaris F

4 Pronator teres T

5 Flexor carpi radialis T


Movements at the articulation of the highlighted area include1 supination

2 abduction

3 flexion

4 adduction

5 extension


The highlighted area is called the trochlea.It articulates with the proximal aspect of the ulna at the elbow joint.Movement at this articulation is flexion and extension.

Movements at the articulation of the highlighted area include1 supination F

2 abduction F

3 flexion T

4 adduction F

5 extension T



2 Coronoid process

3 Lateral epicondyle

4 Medial epicondyle

5 Capitulum




3 Lateral epicondyle F

4 Medial epicondyle F

5 Capitulum T

The following muscles/tendons are attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus1 supraspinatus

2 teres major

3 infraspinatus

4 latissimus dorsi

5 subscapularis

Teres major is attached to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcusLatissimus dorsi is attached to the floor of the intertubercular sulcus, not the greater tuberositySubscapularis inserts onto the lesser tuberosity, not greater tuberosity.Three tendons insert onto the greater tuberosity of the humerus: supraspinatus to the upper aspect, and infraspinatus and teres minor to the posterior aspect. These three tendons along with subscapularis make up the rotator cuff.

The following muscles/tendons are attached to the greater tuberosity of the humerus1 supraspinatus T

2 teres major F

3 infraspinatus T

4 latissimus dorsi F

5 subscapularis F


The following structures pass through the highlighted area1 Long head of biceps tendon

2 Radial nerve

3 Musculocutaneous nerve

4 Ulnar nerve

5 Short head of biceps tendon


The following structures pass through the highlighted area1 Long head of biceps tendon T

2 Radial nerve F

3 Musculocutaneous nerve F

4 Ulnar nerve F

5 Short head of biceps tendon F

This is the bicipital groove. The long head of biceps tendon originates from the superior aspect of the glenoid of the scapula and then traverses through the bicipital groove of the proximal humerus.There are no nerves in the bicipital groove.



2 Coronoid process

3 Trochlea

4 Medial epicondyle

5 Capitulum




3 Trochlea T


5 Capitulum F



2 Coronoid process

3 Lateral epicondyle

4 Medial epicondyle

5 Capitulum




3 Lateral epicondyle F


5 Capitulum T

This is the capitulum


The muscle that attaches here is innervated by the1 Anterior suprascapular nerve

2 Axillary nerve

3 Upper subscapular nerve

4 Anterior subscapular nerve

5 Lower subscapular nerve


The muscle that attaches here is innervated by the1 Anterior suprascapular nerve F

2 Axillary nerve F

3 Upper subscapular nerve T

4 Anterior subscapular nerve F

5 Lower subscapular nerve T

This is the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus. The subscapularis attaches here and internally rotates the arm.Subscapularis is innervated by the upper and lower subscapular nerves

Posterior Aspect Right Distal Humerus

The highlighted area is1 Called the medial epicondyle

2 Called the lateral epicondyle

3 Gives rise to the common flexor tendons

4 Gives rise to the common extensor tendons

5 Is closely related to the median nerve

Posterior Aspect Right Distal Humerus

This is the lateral epicondyle of the right distal humerus. It gives rise to the common extensor tendons which arise from the front of the lateral epicondyle. There are no nerves closely related to the lateral epicondyle.

The highlighted area is1 Called the medial epicondyle F

2 Called the lateral epicondyle T

3 Gives rise to the common flexor tendons F

4 Gives rise to the common extensor tendons T

5 Is closely related to the median nerve F

With regard to the humerus1 The upper end of the humerus is the growing end

2 Teres minor is attached to the lesser tuberosity

3 The long head of triceps arises from the posterior surface of the humerus

4 The radial nerve is accompanied by an artery as it courses obliquely behind the humerus

5 Teres major is attached to the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus

The lateral and medial heads of triceps arise from the posterior aspect of the humerus. The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula.The artery which accompanies the radial nerve through the posterior compartment of the arm is called the profunda brachii artery, and is a branch of the brachial arteryTeres major is attached to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus

With regard to the humerus1 The upper end of the humerus is the growing end T

2 Teres minor is attached to the lesser tuberosity F

3 The long head of triceps arises from the posterior surface of the humerus

F

4 The radial nerve is accompanied by an artery as it courses obliquely behind the humerus

T

5 Teres major is attached to the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus

F


The highlighted area is called the1 Greater tuberosity

2 Lesser tuberosity

3 Greater trochanter

4 Spiral Groove

5 Bicipital Groove


The highlighted area is called the1 Greater tuberosity F

2 Lesser tuberosity F

3 Greater trochanter F

4 Spiral Groove F

5 Bicipital Groove T



2 Lesser trochanter

3 Medial condyle

4 Anterior condyle



The highlighted area is called the1 Lesser tuberosity T


3 Medial condyle F

4 Anterior condyle F

5 Greater tuberosity F

The following nerves touch the humeral periosteum directly1 Axillary nerve

2 Median nerve

3 Ulnar nerve

4 Radial nerve

5 Thoracodorsal nerve

Axillary nerve touches the posterolateral aspect of the surgical neck of humerus Ulnar nerve touches the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of humerus Radial nerve touches the lower end of the spiral groove on the lateral aspect of the lower part of the humeral shaft

The following nerves touch the humeral periosteum directly1 Axillary nerve T

2 Median nerve F

3 Ulnar nerve T

4 Radial nerve T

5 Thoracodorsal nerve F


The highlighted area articulates with1 the distal radius

2 The distal ulna

3 The proximal ulna

4 The proximal radius

5 The head of the radius


The highlighted area is called the trochlea.It articulates with the proximal aspect of the ulna at the elbow joint.

The highlighted area articulates with1 the distal radius F

2 The distal ulna F

3 The proximal ulna T

4 The proximal radius F

5 The head of the radius F



2 Lesser trochanter

3 Greater trochanter

4 Lateral condyle



The highlighted area is called the1 Lesser tuberosity F


3 Greater trochanter F

4 Lateral condyle F

5 Greater tuberosity T


The highlighted area is1 Called the medial epicondyle

2 Called the lateral epicondyle

3 Gives rise to the common flexor tendons

4 Gives rise to the common extensor tendons

5 Is closely related to the median nerve


This is the medial epicondyle. The common flexor tendon of the forearm arises from here. The ulnar nerve passes directly behind the medial epicondyle and can be easily palpated here. Knocking this area can send tingles down the arm and is commonly referred to as ‘hitting my funny bone’.

The highlighted area is1 Called the medial epicondyle T

2 Called the lateral epicondyle F

3 Gives rise to the common flexor tendons T

4 Gives rise to the common extensor tendons F

5 Is closely related to the median nerve F


The highlighted area is called the1 Capitulum

2 Trochlea

3 Olecranon fossa

4 Coronoid fossa

5 Trochlear fossa


This is the coronoid fossa. It articulates with the coronoid process of the proximal ulna

The highlighted area is called the1 Capitulum F

2 Trochlea F

3 Olecranon fossa F

4 Coronoid fossa T

5 Trochlear fossa F

The following muscles attach to the highlighted area and move the arm accordingly1 Subscapularis which elevates the arm



4 Supraspinatus which abducts the arm



The following muscles attach to the highlighted area and move the arm accordingly1 Subscapularis which elevates the arm F


F


T

4 Supraspinatus which abducts the arm F


F


This is the lesser tuberosity of the proximal humerus. The subscapularis attaches here and internally rotates the arm.

Posterior Aspect Distal Humerus

The following muscles arise from here1 Extensor pollicis brevis

2 Flexor pollicis longus

3 Extensor carpi ulnaris

4 Pronator teres

5 Extensor digitorum

Posterior Aspect Distal Humerus

This is the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus. It gives rise to the common extensor tendons. These include extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris and anconeus.Pronator teres arises form the medial epicondyle. Extensor pollicis longus arises from the shaft of the dorsal aspect of the ulna. Extensor pollicis brevis arises from the shaft of the radius. Flexor pollicis longus arises from the shaft of the volar aspect of the radius.

The following muscles arise from here1 Extensor pollicis brevis F

2 Flexor pollicis longus F

3 Extensor carpi ulnaris T

4 Pronator teres F

5 Extensor digitorum T

The following structures are attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus1 pronator teres

2 brachioradialis

3 supinator

4 lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint

5 common extensor tendon

Pronator teres arises through the common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of humerusThe humeral attachment of brachioradialis is to the upper 2/3rds of the lateral supracondylar ridge; not lateral epicondyleThe superficial head of supinator does indeed arise from the lateral epicondyleThe common extensor tendon arises from the anterior aspect of the lateral epicondyle

The following structures are attached to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus1 pronator teres F

2 brachioradialis F

3 supinator T

4 lateral collateral ligament of the elbow joint T

5 common extensor tendon T

exam questions humerus

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