Exam Review

Poetry

• Quatrain – four lines of a poem, rhyming, sometimes a stanza

• Rhyme scheme – pattern of rhyming words, similar endings of words, found at the end of lines of poetry

• Couplet – two rhyming lines such as the end of a Shakespearean sonnet

• Onomatopoeia – word that is its sounds such as buzz, bang, pop

Poetry

• Epic – a long, narrative poem such as The Odyssey or Paradise Lost

• Lyric – short poem of songlike quality

• Free verse – less obvious structure in a poem

• Ballad - a simple narrative poem of folk origin, composed in short stanzas and adapted for singing.

Poetry

• Stanza – group of lines in poetry like a paragraph

• Haiku – 17 syllable Japanese poem usually about nature

• Simile – a comparison using like or as

• Personification – giving human characteristics to a non-human thing.

Poetry

• Alliteration – repetition of beginning consonants

• Tone – author’s attitude toward a subject

• Metaphor – comparison between two unlike things not using like or as

A VoiceBy

Pat Mora• Even the lights on the stage unrelenting

as the desert sun couldn’t hide the otherstudents, their eyes also unrelenting,students who spoke English every night

• as they ate their meat, potatoes, gravy.Not you. In your house that smelled likerose powder, you spoke Spanish formalas your father, the judge without a courtroom

• in the country he floated to in the darkon a flatbed truck. He walked slowas a hot river down the narrow hallof your house. You never dared to race past him,

• to say, “Please move,” in the languageyou learned effortlessly, as you learned to run,the language forbidden at home, though your mothersaid you learned it to fight with the neighbors.

A VoiceBy

Pat Mora• You liked winning with words. You liked

writing speeches about patriotism and democracy.You liked all the faces looking at you, all those eyes.“How did I do it?” you ask me now. “How did I do it

• when my parents didn’t understand?”The family story says your voice is the voiceof an aunt in Mexico, spunky as a peacock.Family stories sing of what lives in the blood.

• You told me only once about the time you wentto the state capitol, your family proud as ifyou'd been named governor. But when you lookedaround, the only Mexican in the auditorium,

• you wanted to hide from those strange faces.Their eyes were pinpricks, and you fakedhoarseness. You, who are never at a lossfor words, felt your breath stick in your throat

• like an ice-cube. “I can't,” you whispered.“I can't.” Yet you did. Not that day but years later.You taught the four of us to speak up.This is America, Mom. The undo-able is done

• in the next generation. Your breath movesthrough the family like the windmoves through the trees.

A VoiceBy

Pat MoraThe next generation Mexican familyHer father came to America on a flatbed truck at nightHer father demands a lot of respect- “judge without a courtroom” & “passing in

the hall you wouldn’t dare ask him to move”Forbidden to speak English in the house, maybe so they wouldn’t forget their

heritage, maybe b/c not everyone knew how to speak EnglishWhen they wrote this speech about freedom and democracy, they were very

proud; it says: like she had been named governorShe froze and became hoarse- she didn’t give the speechShe was a minority at the speech contest so she didn’t feel comfortable

speaking“Eyes were pinpricks”-eyes are looking through you or over you“You taught the four of us to speak up”- her mom has taught her not to be shy

and worry about the color of her skin“The undoable is done in the next generation”- we want our children to be able

to do what we can’t do- to provide more for your children than you have now“Your wind moves through the children…”- her words inspire her children

Uncoiling By Pat Mora

With thorns, she scratchesOn my window, tosses her hair dark with rain,

Snares lightning, cholla, hawks, butterflySwams in the tangles. She sighs clouds,

Head thrown back, eyes closed, roarsAnd rivers leap,

Boulders retreat like crabsInto themselves.She spews gusts and thunder,

Spooks pale women who scurry toLock doors, windows

When her tumbleweed skirt starts its spin.They sing lace lullabies

So their children won’t hearHer uncoiling

Through her lips, howlingLeaves off trees, flesh

Off bones, until she becomesSound, spins herself

To sleep, sand stinging her ankles, Shirring into her raw skin like stars.

Uncoiling By Pat Mora

• Pat Mora's Uncoiling is about a tornado. The poem is an extended personification of the tornado, with the wind shown as a powerful woman doing some unspecified native dance. In part other aspects of the landscape around El Paso are also personified, as when Mrs. Mora tells us:

• boulders retreat like crabs into themselves

• Pat Mora appeals to a highly specific demographic in poetry: this poem invokes a powerful woman who works native magic. Readers who are attracted to such themes will find the poem enjoyable.

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Read more: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_poem_uncoiling_mean_by_pat_mora#ixzz1v2hrfZnq

Hope is a Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson

Hope is the thing with feathersThat perches in the soul,And sings the tune without the words,and never stops at all,

And sweetest in the gale is heard;And sore must be the stormThat could abash the little birdThat kept so many warm.

I've heard it in the chillest landAnd on the strangest sea;Yet, never, in extremity,It asked a crumb of me.

Hope is a Thing with Feathers by Emily Dickinson

Those whom live without hope carry a very heavy burden indeed. Hope surely is the light in the dark tunnel.  While it is true that many people all over the world live in extremely challenging situations, leading hard lives in appalling conditions. What keeps people going in such circumstances is the glimmer of hope that things can change. This is one thought that came to mind when first reading the poem "Hope is a Thing With Feathers" by Emily Dickinson. Another is that whoever or wherever you are in the world there is always hope, and what's more hope costs nothing.

Slam, Dunk, & Hook BY YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA

Fast breaks. Lay ups. With Mercury's Insignia on our sneakers, We outmaneuvered to footwork Of bad angels. Nothing but a hot Swish of strings like silk Ten feet out. In the roundhouse Labyrinth our bodies Created, we could almost Last forever, poised in midair Like storybook sea monsters. A high note hung there A long second. Off The rim. We'd corkscrew Up & dunk balls that exploded The skullcap of hope & good Intention. Lanky, all hands & feet...sprung rhythm. We were metaphysical when girls Cheered on the sidelines. Tangled up in a falling,

Slam, Dunk, & Hook BY YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA

Muscles were a bright motor Double-flashing to the metal hoop Nailed to our oak. When Sonny Boy's mama died He played nonstop all day, so hard Our backboard splintered. Glistening with sweat, We rolled the ball off Our fingertips. Trouble Was there slapping a blackjack Against an open palm. Dribble, drive to the inside, & glide like a sparrow hawk. Lay ups. Fast breaks. We had moves we didn't know We had. Our bodies spun On swivels of bone & faith, Through a lyric slipknot Of joy, & we knew we were Beautiful & dangerous.

Slam, Dunk, & Hook BY YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA

        This poem uses vivid imagery in order to portray a real and active image of the sport of basketball.  However, even for all of the colorful and seemingly happy imagery, there is a dark undertone to this poem.  At line 17, Yusef Komunyakaa adds the lines, “When Sonny  Boy’s mama died // He played nonstop all day, so hard // our back board splintered.”  This immediately changes the tone of the entire poem.  What had once been playful and happy description of basketball, becomes a reconstruction of the actual meaning of the main focus of this poem, which had been basketball.         The way that Komunyakaa describes basketball, the reader is introduced to the idea of the sport as an active and carefree human activity.  His diction persuades the author of the happy thrill of basketball.  “Storybook sea monsters” and “corkscrew…dunk balls” are all word choices that evoke good emotions from the reader.  Also talk about girls cheering on the sidelines would give any reader a feeling of camaraderie, male or female.  This portrays an image of fans cheering on an exciting game.  Even the specific details of the actual game such as “double-flashing” and “sidelines” makes the image of basketball all the more real.  For the first half of the poem, the idea of basketball is presented as a feel-good theme of the poem.  The fact that the idea of basketball becomes more real only enhances the contrast that comes in the middle of the poem.  The lines about the death of Sonny Boy’s mama completely changes the tone of the poem.  It becomes a dark but still somewhat hopeful outlook on life.

Slam, Dunk, & Hook BY YUSEF KOMUNYAKAA

      The poet seems to accept the death of Sonny Boy’s mother quickly after its introduction and then moves on to basketball as a way that Sonny Boy deals with the grief.  Basketball becomes a kind of outlet for the bad emotions that come with the death of a family member.  Basketball is first describedin an active and energetic way, but now it has become   something darker.  The “Bug-eyed, lanky” basketball players seem to represent something sinister.  The “Trouble //  Was there slapping a blackjack // Against an open palm,” and this is definitely perceived as a bad thing.        In spite of all this negative imagery, there is still a feeling of hope at the end of the poem.  The agile actions of the basketball players inspires to the reader to get a feeling of hope.  There are lines describing the discovery of abilities that they did not know they possessed, and using those abilities to reestablish their faith and joy.  The final lines of the poem conclude the overallmeaning of the poem.  Komunyakaa seems to want the reader to believe that even in the face of grief and adversi ty, all people must find a way to deal with it and become stronger.  Only if we have faith in our individual power, can we overcome the troubles that arise in our lives. (497)

http://dhregime.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/analysis-of-slam-dunk-hook/

To Kill a Mockingbird

1. Mrs. Duboses’s main purpose in the plot is to teach Jem and Scout what real courage is: to start something knowing that you are beat before you begin, but you begin anyway because it is the right thing to do.

2. Atticus defends Tom Robinson because he couldn’t live with himself otherwise and it demonstrates real courage as the right thing to do.

To Kill a Mockingbird

3. Scout fights Francis because he called Atticus a nigger-lover.

4. Atticus doesn’t tell the children about his ability to shoot because he doesn’t like to boast.

5. Attiucs says that it is a sin to shoot the Texas state bird.

6. “You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view – until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.” - Atticus

To Kill a Mockingbird

7. Walter Cunningham’s father later calls off the lynch mob when Scout shows up and says hello.

8. Boo’s brother is Nathan Radley.

9. Boo has an attitude of protection over the children as seen when he saves them.

10. Calpurnia and Dolphus Raymond both live in two worlds.

To Kill a Mockingbird

11. Miss Maudie and Calpurnia have great influence over the children.

12. Jem goes to get Atticus because he is demonstrating responsibility as he is growing up.

13. Atticus spends the night outside the jail to protect his client.

14. Atticus emphasizes the location of the bruises to show that Tom could not have created them.

To Kill a Mockingbird

15. Scout thinks that there is just one kind people.

16. Tom could not have raped Mayella because of his crippled arm.

17. Sheriff Tate reports that Bob Ewell fell on his own knife.

18. Harper Lee tells the story of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson.

To Kill a Mockingbird

19. Jem’s despair reveals the theme of loss of innocence because Jem is being exposed to the evil’s in the world.

20. Courage is demonstrated by Mrs. Dubose.

21. Maycomb’s “usual disease” is racism.

22. Mr. Underwood says Tom’s death is like the senseless slaughter of song birds.

To Kill a Mockingbird

23. Atticus feels pity for Mayella.

24. Mayella was probably beaten by her father.

25. Calpurnia is the mother figure.

26. Atticus is the unprejudiced attorney.

27. Dill’s aunt is Miss Rachel.

28. Jem is Atticus’s son.

29. Miss Stephanie is the neighborhood gossip.

To Kill a Mockingbird

30. The filthiest human was Burris Ewell.

31. The meanest man was Mr. Radley.

32. The poor, proud, honest family is the Cunninghams.

33. Tom Robinson had been in trouble with the law.

34. Atticus knows that the trial will affect his family.

To Kill a Mockingbird

35. Tom says that he did help Mayella often.

36. Atticus does not expect Bob Ewell to take revenge.

37. Atticus thinks Jem killed Bob Ewell.

38. Boo Radley does not end his years of seclusion because he goes back into hiding.

TKM Hero’s Journey

Ordinary World Maycomb, Alabama 1932 – 35

Call to Adventure Judge Taylor assigns the trial of Tom Robinson to Atticus Finch because he knows that Atticus will do his best and do the right thing.

Refusal of the Call He says that he had hoped that he would never have a trial like this.

Crossing the Threshold He accepts the trial from Judge Taylor and tells his children to stop fighting, use their heads, and come to him for answers.

TKM Hero’s Journey

Allies Judge Taylor, Alexandra, Maudie, Boo Radley, Cunningham, Mr. Underwood

Enemies Bob Ewell, Mayella, Jury, Mr. Gilmer, Lynch Mob

Challenges Protecting his children, lynch mob, Tom’s trial, Bob Ewell spat in his face, Tom’s death

The Abyss Boo Radley brings Jem home after the attack with a broken arm and Scout is banged up also.

TKM Hero’s Journey

Transformation Bob Ewell is dead. Atticus thinks Jem killed Ewell, but Mr. Tate helps him see that Boo did it.

Revelation After a conversation with Scout, Atticus recognizes that he has taught his children something valuable and that he hasn’t lost them.

Atonement He sits in Jem’s room and reads The Grey Ghost with Scout. They make a connection with the book to Boo Radley that most people are nice when you finally meet them.

The Return Atticus has his children and will return to everyday life knowing that his children have learned the value of people and have escaped catching Maycomb’s usual disease: Racism.

The Odyssey

1. The place where the hero lives in normal life is the Ordinary World.

2. The hero is presented a problem or challenge that is the Call to Adventure.

3. The hero may be reluctant which is known as the Refusal of the Call.

4. Difficult circumstances are known as tests or challenges.

The Odyssey

5. The biggest fear of the hero is The Abyss.

6. What the hero gains after the Abyss is the Transformation because he will have undergone a change.

7. The hero finds peace in Atonement.

8. Part 1 of the Odyssey is about Odysseus’ heroic deeds.

The Odyssey

9. Zeus’s role is to control the weather in the sky.

10. Odysseus loves Penelope!

11. Odysseus demonstrates quick thinking and craftiness or cunning nature.

12. Odysseus displays self-sacrifice in listening to the Siren’s song.

The Odyssey

13. Polyphemus wants Odysseus to suffer by losing his crew and ship and finding trouble at home.

14. Odysseus’ comment means that a prince should demonstrate restraint with emotions so that he can be a good leader.

15. A simile uses like or as.

16. Telemachus obeys his father in several ways: he keeps silent and waits to get into a fight.

The Odyssey

17. When Penelope talks with the old beggar, it builds suspense because the reader knows it is Odysseus.

18. Odysseus makes up a story to prepare Penelope for his return.

19. Penelope reveals that she has been faithful.

20. Odysseus is an excellent marksman with the bow and arrow contest.

The Odyssey

21. One major theme in Part 2 is the triumph of good over evil when Odysseus beats all the suitors.

22.The main conflict in Part 2 concerns the suitors.

23.Odysseus Ordinary World is Ithaca.

24.His Call to Adventure is to return home.

The Odyssey

25. Odysseus’ Abyss is that Penelope has not been faithful.

26. Odysseus must Transform his thoughts to respect the gods.

27. Enemies could include Poseidon, Lostus-Eaters, Circe, Sirens, and other sea monsters.

28. Allies could include his crew, Athena, Telemachas, Circe, Calypso, and Tiresias.

Odyssey Hero’s Journey

Ordinary World Odyssey is a soldier ready to return home from war in Troy. He is the king of Ithaca.

Call to Adventure Odysseus desires to return home, but he angers the god of the sea who punishes him by not allowing him to return home until he learns a lesson: “Without the gods, man is nothing.”

Refusal of the Call N/A

Crossing the Threshold Odysseus takes off on his journey even though he knows his punishment.

Odyssey Hero’s Journey

Allies His crew, Athena, Telemachas, Circe, Calypso, Tiresias

Enemies Poseidon, Lotus-Eaters, Circe, Sirens, other sea monsters

Challenges Lotus-Eaters, Cyclops, Laestrygonians, Sirens, Scylla and Charybids

The Abyss Athena confronts him about his fear that Penelope has been unfaithful and gives him a disguise so that he can return home and find out her heart w/o the suitors killing him.

Odyssey Hero’s Journey

Transformation He begins to give credit to the gods for helping him his journey.

He respects the gods.

Revelation His wife has been faithful.

Atonement A plan is devised and challenge set to reveal himself to his wife and suitors. The hero regains his home, wife, and son.

The Return The suitors are removed by death.

Penelope and Telemachas can celebrate the return of Odysseus as he reclaims his throne.

Hero’s Journey

29. Maycomb is the Ordinary World for Atticus.

30. His Call to Adventure is when Judge Taylor assigns him the case.

31. Asking Alexandra to come is when Atticus Crosses the Threshold.

32. His Allies could include Judge Taylor, Miss Maudie, Calpurnia, Aunt Alexandra.

33. His Enemies might include the jury, the Ewells, the Lynch mob, and Mr. Gilmer.

Hero’s Journey

34. His greatest fear, or Abyss, is losing his children.