Is it possible to call a VBA procedure from an Excel 4.0 XLM macro?

Yes, by using XLM's RUN function. For example, the following macro runs the Test subroutine contained in Module1 in workbook Book1.xls:

=RUN(Book1.xls!Module1.Test)

Can I lock cells such that only specific users can modify them?

Yes, but it requires Excel 2002.

The same is also possible in excel 2003 or excel 2007,There is a option "Allow users to edit ranges" can be used for this purpose.

How can I prevent a user for adding or deleting sheets?

You need to protect the workbook's structure. Select Tools - Protection - Protect Workbook. In the Protect Workbook dialog box, make sure that the Structure checkbox is checked. If you specify a password, that password will be required to unprotect the workbook.

When a workbook's structure is protected, the user may not:

* Add a sheet* Delete a sheet* Hide a sheet* Unhide a sheet* Rename a sheet* Move a sheet

Where do I find resources or examples like sales report generation, purchase report generation using excel.

Press F1, write sales report in search option & view the templates of sales report, but connection of internet is must.

Ques 04. Difference between ActiveWorkbook and ThisWorkbook.Solution: ThisWorkbook refers to the workbook where code is being written while ActiveWorkbook refers to the workbook which is in active state with active window. In case of only one workbook open, ActiveWorkbook is same as ThisWorkbook.

Ques 05. Code to find a Last used Row in a column or Last used column of a Row.Solution: Last Row in a column can be find using End(xlUp) and Last Column in a row can be find using End(xlToLeft). For e.g. Range("A1048576").End(xlUp).Row gives last used row of Column A.

Ques 06. Difference between ActiveX and Form Controls.Solution: i) Forms controls can be used on worksheets and chart sheets. Forms controls can also be placed within embedded charts in Classic Excel (though not in Excel 2007). ActiveX

controls can only be used on worksheets. ActiveX controls do not work in MacExcel.ii) The Forms controls aren’t very complicated, and they have been part of Excel for longer (they were used in Excel 5/95’s dialog sheets) than the Controls Toolbox (Excel 97), so it stands to reason that they’d be more seamlessly integrated. Being newer, the ActiveX controls have richer formatting possibilities. Both can link to cells and ranges in the worksheet.

Ques 07. What is the difference b/w Functions and Subroutines?Solution: i) Subroutines never return a value but functions does return values.ii) A function could not change the values of actual arguments whereas a subroutine could change them.

Ques 08. How to debug a VBA code?Solution: Using Breakpoints(F9), Step-by-step execution (F8), Debug.Print & Immediate Window and Watch window.

Ques 09. Draw basic Excel Object Model.Solution: Application --> Workbooks --> Worksheets --> Range / Chart

Ques 11. How to hide a worksheet so that a user cannot unhide it?Solution: Use Sheet's visible property and set it to xlSheetVeryHidden . For eg. Sheets(1).Visible = xlSheetVeryHidden will super hide the first worksheet of the workbook.

Ques 12. Union is used for _____________ ?Solution: To unite the different ranges depending on the logic. It is similar to set union, here range works as set. For eg. Set nrange = Union(rng1,rng2)

Ques 13. Which are the 2 macro languages and which do you use ?Solution: XLM (used in Excel 97 or before) and VBA(used for 2000 and after). Obviously, VBA is in use these days.

Ques 14. Can you lock cells such that only specific users can modify them?Solution: There is a option "Allow users to edit ranges" can be used for this purpose.

Ques 15. How can you add a drop-down list to a cell so the user can choose a value from the list?Solution: Using 'Data Validation'.

Ques 16. How can you increase the number of rows in a worksheet? Solution: No one can't. They're fixed as 65536(2^16) in Excel 2003 or before and 1048576(2^20) in Excel 2007 & Excel 2010.

Ques 17. How can you increase the number of columns in a worksheet?Solution: No one can't. They're fixed as 256(2^8) in Excel 2003 or before and 16384(2^14) in Excel 2007 & Excel 2010.

Ques. 18. How will you distribute a workbook such that it can't be copied using macro or anything?Solution: We can create a workbook which cannot be modified but can not create a workbook which can't be copied.(It depends on system security, it has nothing to do with Excel or VBA)

Ques 19. Your colleague created a dashboard and when you enter a value, it appears with two decimal places. For example, when you enter 265 it shows up as 2.65. What's wrong? Solution: By chance Excel's fixed-decimal mode was turned on. To return to normal, Excel 2003 -->Click Tools and then Options to display the Options dialog box.Then click the Edit tab and remove the check mark from the "Fixed decimal " option.Excel 2007 --> Click Office button on Top-Left corner and click 'Excel Options'.Go to Advanced and Uncheck 'Automatically insert a decimal point' option.Excel 2010 -->Click File button on Top-Left corner and click 'Excel Options'.Go to Advanced and Uncheck 'Automatically insert a decimal point' option.

Of course, this feature can be useful when entering some types of data, but most of the time, you'll want to keep the fixed-decimal mode turned off.

Ques 20. How can you prevent a user for adding or deleting sheets?Solution: You need to protect the workbook's structure.Excel 2003 -->Select Tools - Protection - Protect Workbook. In the Protect Workbook dialog box, make sure that the Structure checkbox is checked. Excel 2007/2010 -->Go to Review --> Click 'Protect Workbook' --> Click 'Protect Structure and Windows'

If you specify a password, that password will be required to unprotect the workbook. When a workbook's structure is protected, the user may not:         * Add/Delete a sheet         * Hide/Unhide a sheet         * Rename a sheet         * Move a sheet

Ques 21. What types of workbook protection are available? Solution: Excel provides three ways to protect a workbook:         * Require a password to open the workbook         * Prevent users from adding sheets, deleting sheets, hiding sheets, and unhiding sheets         * Prevent users from changing the size or position of windows

Ques 22. The Font dialog box allows you to select different Fonts, their style, their size, and some other special effects. How do you bring up this Font dialog box? Solution: Use Application.Dialogs(xlDialogFont).Show or Application.Dialogs(xlDialogFormatFont).Show to load font dialog box from Excel VBA.

Ques 23. What is ADO, OLEDB & ODBC?Solution: ADO : ActiveX Data Objects is universal data access framework that encompasses the functionality of DAO.ODBC : Open Database Connectivity(ODBC) is a windows technology that lets a database client application connect to a external database.

OLEDB : Low level programming interface designed to access a wide variety of data access Object Linking and Embedding (OLE).

Ques 24. How to set the custom paper size in Excel Object through VB?Solution: Activesheet.PageSetup.PaperSize = xlPaperLetter (Similarly xlPaperA4 or xlPaperLegal etc.)

Ques 25. What is the method for returning more than one values from a function in VB?Solution: Any of the three methods can be used:i) Create a class with the properties you require to return and then return the object of the class from the function.ii) Using ByRef for the values.iii) Return an array of the values.

Ques 26. Does VBA supports OOP principles?Solution: Yes because VBA is VB6.0 based which is an Object Based Programming Language and is also known as 'Event Driven Programming' and it supports Polymorphism, Encapsulation and partially Inheritance.

Ques 27. To set the command button for ESC, Which property needs to be changed?Solution: Set Cancel property of Button to True on the Form.

Ques 30. What is a Variant, what the pros and cons of its use?Solution: Variant data type is able to hold any other data type, including numbers, strings, dates, and object references. A Variant's descriptor is only 16 bytes long (4 short words for the type, and 2 long words for the data, or data pointer).Pros: You cannot use Null with any variable type other than Variant.You don't need to worry about what you have declared a variable as.When a Variant has been declared but not assigned a value, it contains the special value Empty.Cons: A developer may not remember and misuse a variable assigning any value to it which will be type-casted without errors.

Ques 31. Give technical reasons which made Microsoft withdraw its support for VBA in Mac?Solution: The reasons which made Microsoft drop its support to VBA are as follows, Microsoft visual basic relies heavily on machine code which was written for Power PC architecture. Also it would take another two years for developing VBA support for its architecture. It also states that Microsoft will incorporate VBA in the next script of office release for Mac.

Ques 33. Give some examples of Volatile function.Solution: Some of Excel’s functions are obviously volatile: RAND(), NOW(), TODAY()Others are less obviously volatile: OFFSET(), CELL(), INDIRECT(), INFO()Some are volatile in some versions of Excel but not in others: INDEX()became non-volatile in Excel 97.A number of functions that are documented by Microsoft as volatile do not actually seem to be volatile when tested:INDEX(), ROWS(), COLUMNS(), AREAS()and CELL("Filename") IS volatile although a MSKBN article says its not.

One particular syntax of SUMIF is volatile in Excel 2002 and subsequent versions:=SUMIF(A1:A4,">0",B1) is volatile whereas =SUMIF(A1:A4,">0",B1:B4) is not volatile.

Ques 35. Is it possible to apply 'Application.Volatile(False)' to a volatile public function like INDEX and make it not volatile?Solution: Actually INDEX is not a volatile function, even though some MicroSoft documentation says it is. Anyway no its not possible to apply Application.Volatile(False) to a built-in Excel function except by duplicating what the built-in function does inside a UDF.

Ques 36. What is Excel dependency tree?Solution: Dependency trees are excel way of minimizing the calculation by tracking what has changed since last calculation. It allows Excel to recalculate only:        * Formulae/Names that have changed.        * Formulae containing Volatile Functions        * Formulae dependent on changed or volatile formulae or cells or names.

Excel determines dependencies by looking at the cells referred to by each formula and by the argument list of each function.Dependency trees are immediately updated whenever a formula is entered or changed.To force the dependency trees to be rebuilt and all formulae calculation use CTRL+ALT+SHIFT+F9.

Ques 37. What are keyboard shortcuts and their equivalent VBA methods for Formulae calculation and building Excel dependency trees?Solution:

Shortcut Combination

VBA Equivalent Meaning

F9 Application.Calculate Recalculate

Ctrl+Alt+F9 Application.CalculateFull Full Calculation

Ctrl+Alt+Shift+F9Application.CalculateFullRebuild

Rebuild Excel Dependency Tree  and Full Calculation

Shift+F9 Sheets(1).Calculate Calculate Worksheet

Ques 44. What do you know about multi threaded calculation?Solution: Excel 2007 can split calculation across multiple processors or cores. When Excel 2007 loads a workbook, it determines from the operating system how many processors are available and then creates a separate calculation thread for each processor. These threads can then run in parallel. The beauty of this system is that it scales extremely well with the number of processors.

Most workbooks show a significant improvement in calculation speed on a system with multiple cores. The degree of improvement depends on how many independent calculation trees the workbook contains. If you make a workbook that contains one continuous chain of formulas, it will not show any multithreaded calculation (MTC) performance gain, whereas a workbook that contains several independent chains of formulas will show gains close to the number of processors available.

Ques 45. How can we dial a phone number?

Solution: Shell command present in VBA can be used to start the dialer present in windows operating system. Phone number can be used to connect to your modem. With the use of shell and sendkeys you can dial to your user. Shell starts windows application and sendkeys inform the window to dial according to the keystrokes of the application. A macro can be used to start the cardfile program which activates the auto dialer feature.

Ques 46. What do you know about the interpretation features of VBA?Solution: VBA is licensed to Microsoft and this compatible with and only Microsoft products. Code written is compiled by an intermediate language called P-code and this is stored in hosting applications such as Excel, Word and Access. The intermediate code is interpreted by a virtual machine. This code and intermediate language is the exclusive right of Microsoft.

Ques 47. Explain about insert module and Goal Seek functions present in VBA?Solution: The chief use of VBA is to make use of its special function which helps in repeated actions. Goal seek function helps to reduce manual entry of the code each and every time. This solves the problem of repeated function entry by automating functions and actions. Sub routines are inserted into the using the VBA editor and command insert module.

Ques 48. State the difference between Visual Basic, VB Script and Visual Basic for Applications?Solution: Visual basic is useful if you are planning to develop your programs from scratch.This language helps you in developing Active x controls, exe files, etc.VB script is a powerful tool, through which you can create small scale applications on web pages, automation applications, etc. Integrated development environment is not present for VB script.Visual Basic for Applications are very useful in automating your existing application. VB application is useful for developing already existing applications.

Ques 49. Write a macro to select all the non-blank cells of Activesheet ?

Solution: Sub NonBlankCells()    On Error Resume Next    Union(Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeFormulas, 23), Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeConstants, 23)).Select    If Err.Number <> 0 Then        Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeFormulas, 23).Select    Else        Exit Sub    End If    If Err.Number <> 0 Then        Cells.SpecialCells(xlCellTypeConstants, 23).Select    Else        Exit Sub    End If    On Error GoTo 0

End Sub

Ques 50. What is the difference between UsedRange and CurrentRegion properties ?Solution:i) The current region is a range bounded by any combination of blank rows and blank columns. This property is useful for many operations that automatically expand the selection to include the entire current region, such as the AutoFormat method. This property cannot be used on a protected worksheet.The UsedRange property is used to select the range of used cells on a worksheet. It returns a Range object that represents the used range on the specified worksheet.ii) Every non-blank cell got its CurrentRegion and its keyboard shortcut is Ctrl+Shift+Spacebar.iii) There can be many current regions but there is only one used range in a worksheet

http://www.excelfunctions.net/ExcelFunctions.html

Excel Text Functions

Functions to Remove Extra Characters

CLEAN Removes all non-printable characters from a supplied text string

TRIM Removes duplicate spaces, and spaces at the start and end of a text string

Functions to Convert Excel Data Types

BAHTTEXT Converts a number, plus the suffix "Baht" into Thai text

DOLLAR Converts a supplied number into text, using a currency format

FIXED Rounds a supplied number to a specified number of decimal places, and then converts

Replacing / Substituting Parts of a Text String

REPLACE Replaces all or part of a text string with another string (from a user supplied position)

SUBSTITUTE Substitutes all occurrences of a search text string, within an original text string, with the supplied replacement text

Cutting Up & Piecing Together Text Strings

CONCATENATE Joins together two or more text strings

LEFT Returns a specified number of characters from the start of a supplied text string

this into text

TEXT Converts a supplied value into text, using a user-specified format

VALUE Converts a text string into a numeric value

Functions to Convert Between Upper & Lower Case

LOWER Converts all characters in a supplied text string to lower case

PROPER Converts all characters in a supplied text string to proper case (ie. the first character in each word is upper case and all other characters are lower case)

UPPER Converts all characters in a supplied text string to upper case

Converting Between Characters & Numeric Codes

CHAR Returns the character that corresponds to a supplied numeric value

CODE Returns the numeric code for the first character of a supplied string

MID Returns a specified number of characters from the middle of a supplied text string

RIGHT Returns a specified number of characters from the end of a supplied text string

REPT Returns a string consisting of a supplied text string, repeated a specified number of times

Information Functions

LEN Returns the length of a supplied text string

FIND Returns the position of a supplied character or text string from within a supplied text string (case-sensitive)

SEARCH Returns the position of a supplied character or text string from within a supplied text string (non-case-sensitive)

EXACT Tests if two supplied text strings are exactly the same and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE. (case-sensitive)

T Tests whether a supplied value is text and if so, returns the supplied text; If not, returns an empty text string.

Excel Logical Functions

Boolean Operator Functions

AND Tests a number of user-defined conditions and returns TRUE if ALL of the conditions evaluate to TRUE, or FALSE otherwise

OR Tests a number of user-defined conditions and

Conditional Functions

IF Tests a user-defined condition and returns one result if the condition is TRUE, and another result if the condition is FALSE

IFERROR Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns an error, and if so the function returns

returns TRUE if ANY of the conditions evaluate to TRUE, or FALSE otherwise

NOT Returns a logical value that is the opposite of a user supplied logical value or expression(ie. returns FALSE is the supplied argument is TRUE and returns TRUE if the supplied argument is FALSE)

a supplied value; Otherwise the function returns the initial value. (New in Excel 2007)

Functions Returning Constant Values

TRUE Simply returns the logical value TRUE

FALSE Simply returns the logical value FALSE

Excel Information Functions

Error Information Functions

ISERROR Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns an error and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise returns FALSE

ISERR Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns an error (EXCEPT for the #N/A error) and if so, returns TRUEOtherwise returns FALSE

ISNA Tests if an initial supplied value (or expression) returns the Excel #N/A error and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise returns FALSE

ERROR.TYPE

Tests a supplied value and returns an integer relating to the supplied value's error type

Numerical Information Functions

ISNUMBER

Tests if a supplied value is a number, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE.

ISEVEN Tests if a supplied number (or expression) is an even number, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE.

ISODD Tests if a supplied number (or expression) is an odd number, and if so, returns TRUE;

Other Data Type Functions

ISBLANK Tests if a supplied cell is blank (empty), and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE

ISLOGICAL Tests if a supplied value is a logical value, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE

ISTEXT Tests if a supplied value is text, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE

ISNONTEXT

Tests if a supplied value is text, and if it is NOT, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE

ISREF Tests if a supplied value is a reference, and if so, returns TRUE; Otherwise, returns FALSE

TYPE Returns information about the data type of a supplied value

General Information Functions

CELL Returns information about the contents, formatting or location of a given cell

Otherwise, returns FALSE.

N Converts a non-number value to a number, a date to a serial number, the logical value TRUE to 1 and all other values to 0

INFO Returns information about the the current operating environment

Function Returning a Constant Value

NA Returns the Excel #N/A error

Excel Date and Time Functions

Before using the Date and Time Excel Functions, it is advised that you ensure you have a clear understanding of the way Excel stores Dates and Times - For details, see the Excel Dates and Times pages.

Creating Dates & Times

DATE Returns a date, from a user-supplied year, month and day

TIME Returns a time, from a user-supplied hour, minute and second

DATEVALUE

Converts a text string showing a date, to an integer that represents the date in Excel's date-time code

TIMEVALUE Converts a text string showing a time, to a decimal that represents the time in Excel

Current Date & Time

NOW Returns the current date & time

TODAY Returns today's date

Extracting The Components of a Time

HOUR Returns the hour part of a user-supplied time

MINUTE Returns the minute part of a user-supplied time

SECOND Returns the seconds part of a user-supplied time

Performing Calculations with Dates

EDATE Returns a date that is the specified number of months before or after an initial supplied start date

EOMONTH Returns a date that is the last day of the month which is a specified number of months before or after an initial supplied start date

WORKDAY Returns a date that is a supplied number of working days (excluding weekends & holidays) ahead of a given start date

WORKDAY.INTL Returns a date that is a supplied number of working days (excluding weekends & holidays) ahead of a given start date, using supplied parameters to specify weekend days (New in Excel 2010)

DAYS360 Calculates the number of days between 2 dates, based on a 360-day year (12 x 30 months)

NETWORKDAYS Returns the number of whole networkdays (excluding weekends & holidays), between two supplied

Extracting The Components of a Date

DAY Returns the day (of the month) from a user-supplied date

MONTH Returns the month from a user-supplied date

YEAR Returns the year from a user-supplied date

WEEKNUM Returns an integer representing the week number (from 1 to 53) of the year from a user-supplied date

WEEKDAY Returns an integer representing the day of the week for a supplied date

dates

NETWORKDAYS.INTL

Returns the number of whole networkdays (excluding weekends & holidays), between two supplied dates, using parameters to specify weekend days (New in Excel 2010)

YEARFRAC Calculates the fraction of the year represented by the number of whole days between two dates

Excel Lookup and Reference Functions

Functions To Return References to Cell Ranges

ADDRESS Returns a reference, in text format, for a supplied row and column number

INDEX Returns a reference to a cell (or range of cells) for requested rows and columns within a supplied range

INDIRECT Returns a cell or range reference that is represented by a supplied text string

OFFSET Returns a reference to a range of cells that is a specified number of rows and columns from an initial supplied range

Row / Column / Area Information

ROW Returns the current row number of the spreadsheet

Data Lookup Functions

HLOOKUP Looks up a supplied value in the first row of a table, and returns the corresponding value from another row

VLOOKUP Looks up a supplied value in the first column of a table, and returns the corresponding value from another column

LOOKUP Searches for a specific value in one data vector, and returns a value from the corresponding position of a second data vector

GETPIVOTDATA

Extracts data stored in a Pivot Table

CHOOSE Returns one of a list of values, depending on the value of a supplied index number

MATCH Finds the relative position of a value in a

COLUMN Returns the current column number of the spreadsheet

ROWS Returns the number of rows in a supplied range

COLUMNS Returns the number of columns in a supplied range

AREAS Returns the number of areas in a supplied range

supplied array

Other

HYPERLINK Creates a hyperlink to a document in a supplied location.

TRANSPOSE Performs a transpose transformation on a range of cells (ie. transforms a horizontal range of cells into a vertical range and vice versa)

RTD Retrieves real-time data from a program that supports COM automation

Excel Math and Trig Functions

Basic Numeric Information

ABS Returns the absolute value (ie. the modulus) of a supplied number

SIGN Returns the sign (+1, -1 or 0) of a supplied number

GCD Returns the Greatest Common Divisor of two or more supplied numbers

LCM Returns the Least Common Multiple of two or more supplied numbers

Basic Mathematical Operations

SUM Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers

PRODUCT Returns the product of a supplied list of numbers

POWER Returns the result of a given number raised

Conditional Sums

SUMIF Adds the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy a given criteria

SUMIFS Adds the cells in a supplied range, that satisfy multiple criteria (New in Excel 2007)

Advanced Mathematical Operations

SUMPRODUCT

Returns the sum of the products of corresponding values in two or more supplied arrays

SUMSQ Returns the sum of the squares of a supplied list of numbers

SUMX2MY2 Returns the sum of the difference of squares of corresponding values in two supplied arrays

SUMX2PY2 Returns the sum of the sum of squares of corresponding values in two supplied arrays

SUMXMY2 Returns the sum of squares of

to a supplied power

SQRT Returns the positive square root of a given number

QUOTIENT Returns the integer portion of a division between two supplied numbers

MOD Returns the remainder from a division between two supplied numbers

AGGREGATE

Performs a specified calculation (eg. the sum, product, average, etc.) for a list or database, with the option to ignore hidden rows and error values (New in Excel 2010)

SUBTOTAL Performs a specified calculation (eg. the sum, product, average, etc.) for a supplied set of values

Rounding Functions

CEILING Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to a multiple of significance

CEILING.PRECISE Rounds a number up, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of significance (New in Excel 2010)

ISO.CEILING Rounds a number up, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of significance. (New in Excel 2010)

EVEN Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to the next even number

FLOOR Rounds a number towards zero, (ie. rounds a positive number down and a negative number up), to a multiple of

differences of corresponding values in two supplied arrays

SERIESSUM Returns the sum of a power series

Trigonometry Functions

PI Returns the constant value of pi

SQRTPI Returns the square root of a supplied number multiplied by pi

DEGREES Converts Radians to Degrees

RADIANS Converts Degrees to Radians

COS Returns the Cosine of a given angle

ACOS Returns the Arccosine of a number

COSH Returns the hyperbolic cosine of a number

Factorials

FACT Returns the Factorial of a given number

FACTDOUBLE Returns the Double Factorial of a given number

MULTINOMIAL Returns the Multinomial of a given set of numbers

Random Numbers

RAND Returns a random number between 0 and 1

RANDBETWEEN

Returns a random number between two given integers

Miscellaneous

COMBIN Returns the number of combinations for a

significance

FLOOR.PRECISE Rounds a number down, regardless of the sign of the number, to a multiple of significance (New in Excel 2010)

INT Rounds a number down to the next integer

MROUND Rounds a number up or down, to the nearest multiple of significance

ODD Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to the next odd number

ROUND Rounds a number up or down, to a given number of digits

given number of objects

ROMAN Returns a text string depicting the roman numeral for a given number

ROUNDDOWN Rounds a number towards zero, (ie. rounds a positive number down and a negative number up), to a given number of digits

ROUNDUP Rounds a number away from zero (ie. rounds a positive number up and a negative number down), to a given number of digits

TRUNC Truncates a number towards zero (ie. rounds a positive number down and a negative number up), to the next integer.

Excel Database Functions

Database Functions

DAVERAGE Calculates the average of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DCOUNT Returns the number of cells containing numbers in a field of a list or database that satisfy specified conditions

DCOUNTA Returns the number of non-blank cells in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DGET Returns a single value from a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DMAX Returns the maximum value from a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified

Database Functions

DPRODUCT

Calculates the product of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DSTDEV Calculates the standard deviation (based on a sample of a population), of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DSTDEVP Calculates the standard deviation (based on an entire population), of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DSUM Calculates the sum of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

conditions

DMIN Returns the minimum value from a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DVAR Calculates the variance (based on a sample of a population), of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

DVARP Calculates the variance (based on an entire population), of values in a field of a list or database, that satisfy specified conditions

Excel Financial Functions

Investment Value Functions

FV Calculates the future value of an investment with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate

FVSCHEDULE

Calculates the future value of an initial principal, after applying a series of compound interest rates

NPV Calculates the net present value of an investment, based on a supplied discount rate, and a series of future payments and income

PV Calculates the present value of an investment (ie. the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now)

RECEIVED Calculates the amount received at maturity for a fully invested Security

XNPV Calculates the net present value for a schedule of cash flows

Payment Functions

CUMIPMT Calculates the cumulative interest paid between two specified periods

CUMPRINC Calculates the cumulative principal paid on

Internal Rate of Return Functions

IRR Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows

MIRR Calculates the internal rate of return for a series of periodic cash flows, considering the cost of the investment and the interest on the reinvestment of cash

XIRR Calculates the internal rate of return for a schedule of cash flows

Asset Depreciation Functions

AMORDEGRC Calculates the prorated linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting period (with depreciation coefficient applied, depending on the life of the asset)

AMORLINC Calculates the prorated linear depreciation of an asset for each accounting period

DB Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the fixed-declining balance method

DDB Calculates the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, using the double-

a loan, between two specified periods

IPMT Calculates the interest payment for a given period of an investment, with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate

ISPMT Returns the interest paid during a specified period of an investment

PMT Calculates the payments required to reduce a loan, from a supplied present value to a specified future value

PPMT Calculates the payment on the principal for a given investment, with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate

Duration Functions

COUPDAYBS Calculates the number of days from the beginning of the coupon period to the settlement date

COUPDAYS Calculates the number of days in the coupon period that contains the settlement date

COUPDAYSNC

Calculates the number of days from the settlement date to the next coupon date

COUPNCD Returns the next coupon date after the settlement date

COUPNUM Returns the number of coupons payable between the settlement date and maturity date

COUPPCD Returns the previous coupon date, before the settlement date

DURATION Calculates the annual duration of a security with periodic interest payments

declining balance method, or some other user-specified method

SLN Returns the straight-line depreciation of an asset for one period

SYD Returns the sum-of-years' digits depreciation of an asset for a specified period

VDB Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specified period, (including partial periods), using the double-declining balance method or another user-specified method

Interest Rate Functions

ACCRINT Calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays periodic interest

ACCRINTM Calculates the accrued interest for a security that pays interest at maturity

DISC Calculates the discount rate for a security

EFFECT Calculates the effective annual interest rate

INTRATE Calculates the interest rate for a fully invested security

NOMINAL Calculates the annual nominal interest rate

RATE Calculates the interest rate required to pay off a specified amount of a loan, or reach a target amount on an investment over a given period

Dollar Conversion

MDURATION Calculates the Macauley modified duration for a security with an assumed par value of $100

NPER Returns the number of periods for an investment with periodic constant payments and a constant interest rate

Yield Functions

YIELD Calculates the yield of a security that pays periodic interest

YIELDDISC Calculates the annual yield of a discounted security

YIELDMAT Calculates the annual yield of a security that pays interest at maturity

ODDFYIELD Calculates the yield of a security with an odd first period

ODDLYIELD Calculates the yield of a security with an odd last period

TBILLEQ Calculates the bond-equivalent yield for a treasury bill

TBILLYIELD Calculates the yield for a treasury bill

DOLLARDE

Converts a dollar price expressed as a fraction, into a dollar price expressed as a decimal

DOLLARFR Converts a dollar price expressed as a decimal, into a dollar price expressed as a fraction

Price Functions

PRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security that pays periodic interest

PRICEDISC Calculates the price per $100 face value of a discounted security

PRICEMAT Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security that pays interest at maturity

ODDFPRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd first period

ODDLPRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value of a security with an odd last period

TBILLPRICE Calculates the price per $100 face value for a treasury bill

Excel Operators

Although the Excel Operators are not, strictly speaking, Excel Functions, a brief explanation of them is included in the following page:

Excel Operators Excel Mathematical Operators - used to perform basic Mathematical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and raising to a power,

OR

the & Excel Operator is used to concatenate text strings

Basic Description

Related Functions :

LOOKUP Function

VLOOKUP Function

The Excel HLOOKUP function 'looks up' a given value in the top row of a data array (or table), and returns the corresponding value from another row of the array.

The format of the function is:

HLOOKUP( lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num, [range_lookup] )

where the arguments are as follows:

lookup_value - The value that you want to look for, in the first row of the supplied data array

table_array - The data array or table, that you want to search the first row of, for the supplied lookup_value

row_index_num

- The row number, within the supplied array, that you want the corresponding value to be returned from

[range_lookup] - An optional logical argument, which can be set to TRUE or FALSE, meaning :

TRUE - if the function cannot find an exact match to the supplied lookup_value, it should use the closest match below the supplied value

(Note: If range_lookup is set to TRUE, the top row of the table_array must be in ascending order)

FALSE - if the function cannot find an exact match to the supplied lookup_value, it should return an error

Examples

Hlookup Example 1

Cells A2-F6 of the spreadsheet below, show the exam scores for 5 students in 4 different subjects. If you want to look up a specific score (eg. Biology) for one of the students (eg. Ed), this can be done using the Hlookup function, as shown in cell B10 of the spreadsheet.

In the example below, the formula is shown in cell B10 of the spreadsheet on the left, and the result is shown in the spreadsheet on the right.

 Formulas:  Results:

In the above example, the Hlookup function searches through the top row of the table_array (the range A2-A6), to find a match for the lookup_value (the name "Ed", in cell A10). When the the name 'Ed' is found, the function returns the corresponding value from the 5th row of the lookup_table.

This is illustrated on the right. The function finds the name 'Ed' in the top row of the table_array and then returns the value from the 5th row of the table_array.

If we change the name in the individual spreadsheet from 'Ed' to 'Cara', the Hlookup functions would automatically recalculate the functions to display the exam results for Cara.

Hlookup Example 2

Cells A1-F3 of the spreadsheet below, show body types relating to body mass index (BMI), for the ranges 0 - 18.4, 18.5 - 24.9, 25.0 - 29.9 and over 30.

Cell C6 shows the user's current BMI, which is 23.5, and cell C7 shows the Hlookup function that is used to look up the body type that relates to this BMI.

The Hlookup function in the above spreadsheet returns the result "Normal Weight", which is the correct body type for a BMI of 23.5.

Note that, in this example, the range_lookup argument is set to TRUE, to tell that function that, if it cannot find an exact match to the supplied lookup_value, it should use the closest match below this value. Therefore, for all BMIs up to and including 18.4 the function would return "Underweight", for all BMIs between 18.5 and 24.9, the function would return "Normal Weight", etc.

Further Hlookup Examples

For a practical example of the HLOOKUP function being used to create a variable drop-down list, see the Variable Drop-Down List page.

Also, there are further examples on the Microsoft Office website.

Trouble Shooting

If you get an error from the Excel Hlookup function this is likely to be one of the following :

Common Errors

#N/A - Occurs if the Hlookup function fails to find a match to the supplied lookup_value

The cause of this will generally depend on the supplied range_lookup:

if range_lookup = TRUE(or is omitted)

- the #N/A error is likely to be because the smallest value in the lookup row is greater than the supplied lookup_value

if range_lookup = FALSE -the #N/A error is likely to be because an exact match to the lookup_value is not found in the lookup row

if you can't understand why this is, check out Common Problem No. 1 (below).

#VALUE!

- Occurs if either:

- The supplied row_index_num argument is < 1 or is not recognised as a numeric

value

or

- The supplied range_lookup argument is not recognised as TRUE or FALSE

#REF! - Occurs if the supplied row_index_num argument is greater than the number of rows in the supplied table_array

Also, the following problem is encountered by some users:

Common Hlookup Problem

You can see the value that you want to look up in your table_array, but your Excel HLOOKUP is returning the #N/A error. Why can't it 'see' the lookup_value in the table_array?

Possible Reason No. 1

You may have unseen spaces at the start or end of either the value you are looking up, or in the cells of your table_array. These spaces cause your lookup_value cell and the 'matching' cell in your table_array to have slightly different content.

Solution No. 1

Check the contents of the cells that you believe should match. If there are unseen additional spaces in one or both of the lists, remove these using the TRIM function:

1. Create a new row or column next to the one with the additional spaces in it 2. Use the TRIM function in your new row or column, to get rid of extra spaces 3. Copy the contents of the new row or column and paste these over the top of the original row or column, using

paste->special->values 4. Delete the row or column containing the TRIM function

Possible Reason No. 2The contents of the cells that are being compared may have different data types. For example, the cell containing your lookup_value may be stored as a number by Excel, whereas the values in your table_array may be stored as text even though they look like numbers.

Solution No. 2Force both sets of data to have the same type. For example, if you want both sets of values to be stored as text, convert both sets of data to text, using Excel's Text To Columns tool:

1. Use the mouse to select the cells you want to convert to text (this must be done one column at a time) 2. From the Data tab at the top of your Excel workbook, select the Text to Columns ... option 3. Make sure the Delimited option is selected and click next 4. Make sure all the delimiter options are unselected and then click next again 5. You should now be offered a selection of Column Data Formats. Select Text and click the Finish button

The data in your selected cells should now be stored as text within Excel and so the Excel Hlookup function should be able to 'look up' the matching value.

Note that you could have chosen to convert the contents of your cells to Excel's 'general' type, by simply selecting the column data format General in the Text To Columns tool.

Basic Description

The Excel VLOOKUP function 'looks up' a given value in the left-hand column of a data array (or table), and returns the corresponding value from another column of the array.

The format of the function is:

VLOOKUP( lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup] )

where the arguments are as follows:

lookup_value - The value that you want to look for, in the left-hand column of the supplied data array

table_array - The data array or table, that you want to search the left hand column of, for the supplied lookup_value

col_index_num

- The column number, within the supplied array, that you want the corresponding value to be returned from

[range_lookup]

- An optional logical argument, which can be set to TRUE or FALSE, meaning :

TRUE - if the function cannot find an exact match to the supplied lookup_value, it should use the closest match below the supplied value

(Note: If range_lookup is set to TRUE, the left-hand column of the table_array must be in ascending order)

FALS - if the function cannot find an exact match to the supplied

E lookup_value, it should return an error

Vlookup Examples

Vlookup Example 1

In the spreadsheet below, columns A and B list an inventory of grocery items, and their prices, and cell E2 of the spreadsheet shows a simple example of the Vlookup function being used to look up the price of an item from the inventory.

The above Vlookup function returns the price for "Cornflakes", which is $3.50.

In this example:

- the lookup_value is the text string "Cornflakes", which is located in cell D2

- the table_array is columns A-B of the spreadsheet

- the col_index_num is set to 2, to denote that the value returned should be taken from column 2 of the table_array

- the range_lookup argument is set to FALSE, to indicate that we only want a result to be returned if an exact match to the lookup_value is found

Vlookup Example 2

In the spreadsheet below, columns A-C list the grades that are assigned to examination marks lying within the ranges 0-44%, 45%-54%, etc.

Cell F2 shows the score of 52% that was achieved by the student "Anne" in an examination. The Vlookup function in cell G2 looks up this score in column A of the spreadsheet and returns the associated grade from column C. Note that, in this example, if the exact score of 52% is not found in column A, we want, instead, to use the nearest value below this score.

The above Vlookup function returns the grade for the score 52%, which is E.

In this example:

- the lookup_value is the value 52%, which is located in cell F2

- the table_array is the range A2-C7 of the spreadsheet

- the col_index_num is set to 3, to denote that the value returned should be taken from column 3 of the table_array

- the range_lookup argument is set to TRUE, to indicate that, if an exact match to the lookup_value is not found, we want to use the closest value below the lookup_value

Further Vlookup Examples

For a practical example of the Vlookup function being used to create a variable chart, see the Excel Variable Chart page.

Also, there are several further Vlookup examples on the Microsoft Office website.

Using Vlookup in VBA

Although there is no VBA Vlookup function, you can call the Excel Worksheet Vlookup Function from VBA. See the VBA Vlookup page for more details.

Trouble Shooting

If you get a Vlookup error this is likely to be one of the following :

Common Vlookup Errors

#N/A - Occurs if the Vlookup function fails to find a match to the supplied lookup_value

The cause of this will generally depend on the supplied [range_lookup] argument:

if [range_lookup] = TRUE(or is omitted)

- the #N/A error is likely to be because the smallest value in the left-hand column of the table_array is greater than the supplied

lookup_value

if [range_lookup] = FALSE - the #N/A error is likely to be because an exact match to the lookup_value is not found in the left-hand column of the table_array

If you still can't understand why you are getting this Vlookup error, check out the Vlookup #N/A Error page

#VALUE!

- Occurs if either:

-The supplied col_index_num argument is < 1 or is not recognised as a numeric value

or

- The supplied range_lookup argument is not recognised as TRUE or FALSE

#REF! - Occurs if either:

- the supplied col_index_num argument is greater than the number of columns in the supplied table_array

or

- the formula has attempted to reference cells that do not exist.This can be caused by relative referencing errors when the Vlookup is copied to other cells

If you need further help with this Vlookup error, check out the Vlookup #REF! Error page

The Excel GETPIVOTDATA function extracts data from an Excel Pivot Table

The format of the function is :

GETPIVOTDATA( Data_field, Pivot_table, [Field1], [Item1], [Field2], [Item2], ...)

where the arguments are as follows:

Data_field - The pivot table data field (ie. the value(s) in the center of the table) that you want to retrieve

Pivot_table - A reference to a range of cells within a Pivot Table (used to specify the pivot table to be searched)

[Field1], [Item1],[Field2], [Item2],etc

- Up to 126 optional pairs of fields and item names, (ie. The rows and columns headers and individual categories) for which you want the returned value.Note: The item values should be entered as follows:

-    Numbers can be entered directly-    Dates should be entered as date serial numbers or by using the date function-    Times should be entered as decimals or by using the time function-    Text values should be entered in quotations

Note that, if the requested fields are not visible in the specified Pivot Table, the Getpivotdata function returns the #REF! error.

The easiest way to input the Getpivotdata function is simply to type "=" into a cell and then click on the Pivot Table value that you want to return. Excel automatically inserts the Getpivotdata function into the active cell.

Examples

The examples below all refer to the following Pivot Table, which is located in columns A - G of the current Excel Worksheet.

  A B C D E F G  

1                

2 Sum of Invoice Amount Total

Item Type    

3 Date Salesperson Digital TV DVD Player

IPod Computer Grand Total

 

4 Jan John $68,600 $13,800 $6,840 $69,600 $158,840  

5 Kevin $64,400 $7,800 $12,780 $36,800 $121,780  

6 Pete $46,200 $2,400 $2,700 $25,600 $76,900  

7 Jan Total $179,200 $24,000 $22,320 $132,000 $357,520  

8 Feb John $68,600 $8,400 $9,720 $52,800 $139,520  

9 Kevin $61,600 $4,500 $7,920 $43,200 $117,220  

10 Pete $29,400 $3,900 $6,300 $33,600 $73,200  

11 Feb Total $159,600 $16,800 $23,940 $129,600 $329,940  

12 Mar John $71,400 $9,300 $7,560 $80,000 $168,260  

13 Kevin $70,000 $10,200 $13,680 $58,400 $152,280  

14 Pete $43,400 $5,400 $3,240 $40,800 $92,840  

15 Mar Total $184,800 $24,900 $24,480 $179,200 $413,380  

16 Grand Total $523,600 $65,700 $70,740 $440,800 $1,100,840  

17                

=GETPIVOTDATA( "Invoice Amount", $A$2, "Date", "Jan" )

- Returns the value $357,520, which is the value of the Invoice Amount Total for all of the Date field, "Jan".

=GETPIVOTDATA( "Invoice Amount", $A$2, "Date", "Feb", "Item Details", "IPod" )

- Returns the value $23,940, which is the value of the Invoice Amount Total for the Date field, "Feb" and the Item Details field, "IPod".

=GETPIVOTDATA( "Invoice Amount", $A$2, "Date", "Feb", "Item Details", "IPod", "Salesperson", "Kevin" )

- Returns the value $7,920, which is the value of the Invoice Amount Total for the Date field, "Feb", the Item Details field, "IPod", and the Salesperson field "Kevin".

=GETPIVOTDATA( "Invoice Amount", $A$2, "Item Details", "IPod", "Salesperson", "Kevin" )

- Returns the Excel #REF! error as the Pivot Table doesn't show the totals for the Salesperson "Kevin".