exchange force model of nuclear physics

7/25/2019 Exchange Force Model of Nuclear Physics

1/4

Exchange force model of nuclear physics

Exchange force model come from the molecular

and atomic physics. The exchange is just as some

electrons are share during the covalent bonding. If

all valances are lled then it can not aect the

presence of the third nuclei there.

In nuclear exchange model the incident particle

change its characteristics. An incident proton

change into neutron whiles the bacward neutron

change into proton. The something is exchanged

between the nucleons. And this something

saturates this nuclear force.

According to the analytical result of theoretical

physics! the important term eld introducation.

"ie gravitational and electromagnetic.If particle produce the eld then presence of

external body intract with eld directly not to the

rst object directly.

According to the #$T the rst object does not set

up a classical eld throughout the space but

instead emits eld %uanta.

The second object can then absorb those eld

%uanta and remit bac to the rst object. The two


2/4

object are thus related by there exchange of the

eld %uanta exchange.

&ucleons are spin half particles. It is clear that only

integer spin can exchange ' or ( and must carry

electric change.

The exchange particle violate the rule of

conservation of energy and momentum )p*. This

type of particle called virtual particle. +irtual

particle can not be detected at this instant. ,ut

only force can be experience due to this particle.

Exchange paritlces that carry the nuclear force are

called mesons. -esons came from gree -eso

meaning middle. ,ecause the predicted mass was

between the massed of the electron and nuclean.

The pi mesons is simple exchange paricle innuclear potential.

GeigerNuttall law

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In nuclear physics, the GeigerNuttall law or GeigerNuttall

rulerelates the decay constantof a radioactiveisotopewith theenergy of the alpha particlesemitted. Roughly speaking, it states

that short-lived isotopes emit more energetic alpha particles than

long-lived ones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physics


3/4

The relationship also shows that half-lives are exponentially

dependent on decay energy, so that very large changes in half-

life make comparatively small differences in decay energy, and

thus alpha particle energy. In practice, this means that alphaparticles from all alpha-emitting isotopes across many orders of

magnitude of difference in half-life, all nevertheless have aout

the same decay energy.

Formulated in !"!! y #ans $eigerand %ohn &itchell 'uttall,(!)

in its modern form the $eiger*'uttall law is

where is the decay constant + = ln2/half-life, Z the atomic

numer, Ethe total kinetic energy+of the alpha particle and the

daughter nucleus, and a! and a are constants. The law works

est for nuclei with even atomic numer and even atomic mass.

The trend is still there for even-odd, odd-even, and odd-odd

nuclei ut not as pronounced.Cluster decays

The $eiger-'uttall law has even een extended to descrie

cluster decays, decays where atomic nuclei larger than helium

are released, e.g. silicon and caron.

Derivation

simple way to derive this law is to consider an alpha particle

in the atomic nucleus as aparticle in a ox. The particle is in a

ound state ecause of the presence of the strong interaction

potential. It will constantly ounce from one side to the other,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Geigerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mitchell_Nuttallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93Nuttall_law#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(mathematics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_decayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_boxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Geigerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mitchell_Nuttallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93Nuttall_law#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(mathematics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_decayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_boxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction


4/4

and due to the possiility of /uantum tunneling y the wave

though the potential arrier, each time it ounces, there will e a

small likelihood for it to escape.

knowledge of this /uantum mechanical effect enales one tootain this law, including coefficients, via direct calculation.

This calculation was first performed y physicist $eorge

$amowin !"0.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamow

exchange force model of nuclear physics

Documents