exchange processe s between the earth‘s surface and the atmosphere
DESCRIPTION
Exchange Processe s Between the Earth‘s Surface and the Atmosphere. Energy budget Boundary layers Observations. Climatic system: Open components Coupling between individual components Boundary layers (fluxes of matter, energy and momentum). Energy Budget at the Surface - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Exchange Processes Between the Earth‘s Surface and the Atmosphere
1. Energy budget2. Boundary layers3. Observations
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Energy Budget at the SurfaceFrad
sfs = FSWs (1-A sfs)-T4+ FLW
Fradsfs is the net radiative flux,
FSWs is the short-wave radiation
A sfs is the albedo is the infrared emissivity,FLW
is the lnog-wave radiation (back radiation)
Climatic system:
Open componentsCoupling between individual componentsBoundary layers (fluxes of matter, energy and momentum)
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From the conservation of energy for ideal surface it follows:
Fradsfs - FSH
-FLH -FG
-FM =0
FSH =is the sensible heat flux (differences in temperatures of the surface and the air)
FLH =LeE is the latent heat flux (mostly evaporation)
FG is the sensible heat flux to or from the soil/water (mainly due to heat conduction)
FM = LM(Ms -Fs), melting (Ms) and freezing (Fs) rates
For annual mean conditions: FG =0 and we have for land
Fradsfs - FSH
-LeE-LM(Ms -Fs) =0
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zF
Kzt
Tc
zFcT
t
zTKF
FMLFFFFtH
G
G
SSmGLHSHsfsrad
s
)(
)(
Energy budget of a layer
This is valid if there are no sources or sinks of energy within the slab, c-specific heat
This is valid if and c are constant
Variations of temperature can be used to estimate the heat fluxes into the ground
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Dynamic Structure of the Atmosphere
zuK
Newtonean law:
0* ln1)(
)(
zzu
kzu
zfKconst
Logaritmic layer
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Exchange of Heat Trough Sensible Heat
0013.0
)0()()(
''
dh
hpSH
pHSH
pSH
CC
zzvCcFz
cKF
wcF
Eddy correlation approach
Bulk aerodynamicapproach
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Exchange of Heat Trough Water Exchange/Evaporation
)0()()(
''
qzqzvCcEzqKE
wqE
ep
W
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)()( zvzvCd
Cd is a function of stability, surface roughnes, etc.
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v 0.02-0.04W/m2
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