executive summary 2012 - eth z · the need for active debris removal. in 2011, about 14’000...
TRANSCRIPT
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Summary
Foreword 5
2012:aneventfulyear
Mission 6
Alinkbetweeninstitutions,academiaandindustry
Role 6
Members 7
Anetworkinexpansion
CleanSpaceOne 8 ASwisssolutiontotacklespacedebris
CHEOPS 10 Asatellitetoanalyseexoplanets
Education 13 Anewtooltocalculatetheorientationofasatellite
“MesuredePositionnement” 14 Topromoteinnovativeideasandnewproducts relatedtothespacesector
Promotionofspace 16 SpaceTechnologySummercampinMoscow Odysséeexhibitionat“FoireduValais” Concurrentdesigntrainingcourse 17 IAFconferenceinNaples 18 VisittoBeihangUniversityinBeijing 18
Members’word 20
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Foreword
2012 : an eventful year
TheSwissSpaceCenterexperiencedsignificantchangesin2012.InJanuaryit’sstatusgrewfromregionaltonationalsignificance.Theobjectivesof theCenter thusexpandedwith theadventofnewprojectsandexcitingmandates.
AttheheartoftheSwissSpaceCentersinceitscreationin2003is theobjective to reinforce thepositionofSwissSpacestake-holders,whetherinstitutional,academic,orindustrialplayers.
WiththeevolutioninJanuary2012fromaregionalCentertoanorganization of national significance, the Swiss Space CenterstaystruetoitsinitialmandatetonetworkSwissresearchinstitu-tionsandindustriesonnationalandinternationallevelsinordertoestablishfocusedareasofexcellenceinternationallyrecognizedforbothspaceR&Dandapplications.Notonlythat,buttheroletofacilitateaccesstoandimplementspaceprojectsforSwissre-searchinstitutionsandindustrieshasbeengreatlystrengthenedbystrategicpositioning.
2012 was an exciting and challenging year starting with thelaunch of the CleanSpace One study that had a very positiveecho in the media worldwide, placing Switzerland once againontheinternationalstage.Thesteadyincreaseofmembers,thesupportofhostsandpartnersallowedtheCentertorefurbishitsConcurrentDesignFacility,buildupaclean-roomforeducationalpurposesandcontribute to theadvancementof space interestthrougheventsandcoordinationofspecificactivitiessuchastheverysuccessful“MesuresdePostionement”.
MostmembersparticipatedintheStrategicCommittee,thead-visorybodythatin2012helpedintheorientationoftheCenterandwhosemajoroutputwasarecommendationfornewTermsofReferencethatwillgoverntheCenterinthefuture.
Duringthelastquarterof2012,Switzerlandwasappointedtotheco-presidencyoftheESAministerialconference,andinparallelwon the ESA Small-sat call for tenders with the CHEOPSpro-posal.Theseelements,amongothers,ensurethattheeyesoftheinternationalspacecommunityareturnedtowardsSwitzerland.Withitsmembersandpartners,theSwissSpaceCenterwillcon-tributeinthenextyearstotheexcellenceofSwisscontributiontospacethroughinnovativetechnologicaladvances,reliableprod-uctdevelopmentsinourindustryaswellasinternationalcollabo-rationsinEuropeandbeyond.
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Mission
A link between institutions, academia and industry
TheSwissSpaceCenterprovidesaservicesupportinginstitutions,academiaandindustrytoaccessspacemissionsandrelatedap-plications,andpromoteinteractionbetweenthesestakeholders.
Role
• TonetworkSwissresearch institutionsand industriesonna-tional and international levels in order to establish focusedareasofexcellence internationallyrecognizedforbothspaceR&Dandapplications;
• To facilitateaccess toand implementationof spaceprojectsforSwissresearchinstitutionsandindustries;
• Toprovideeducationandtraining;• Topromotepublicawarenessofspace.
DanielNeuenschwander,SERISwissSpaceOfficeDirectorandProf.VolkerGass,SwissSpaceCenterDirector.
SwissSpaceCenterMembers.
Members
A network in expansion
Duringtheyear2012,theSwissSpaceCenterwelcomedsevennewSwissentitieswithinitsmembers:theETHZ,twouniversitiesofappliedsciences(HES-SOandHochschuleLuzern),twoindus-tries(ConstelliumandAPCO)andtwostart-up(MicosEngineer-ing and Saphyrion) joined the network. This trend continues inthefirstquarter2013with6newindustrialmembers(Almatech,Clemessy,Meggitt,Sarmap,SercaloandSpectratime).
Therefore,theSwissSpaceCentercurrentlycounts19membersfromeachregionofSwitzerlandandrepresentingallthetypesofcompanies(largesize,mediumandstart-up),academies(SwissFederal Institutes,Universities,Universitiesof applied sciences)andinstitutions(SwissSpaceOffice,CSEM).Discussionsareon-goingwithotherentitiesfromtheSwissspacecommunitytoin-cludemoremembersin2013.
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CleanSpace One
A Swiss solution to tackle space debris
Thedestructionofanagingsatellitesin2007byaChineseanti-sat-ellitemissiletest,andtheaccidentalcollisionbetweentheAmeri-cansatelliteIridiumandtheRussianCosmosin2009broughtanewemphasisontheorbitaldebrisproblem.Althoughinthepast,satellite trafficmonitoringwasonlybasedondebrismonitoringandcollisionavoidance,allmajorspaceagenciesnowagreeupontheneedforactivedebrisremoval.In2011,about14’000debrisabove10cmwerecatalogued.About2’000oftheseareremainsoflaunchvehiclesand10’000originatefromnon-operationalsat-ellites(seethefigure10below).
Over the years, many studies have been conducted to activelyremovedebrisfromLEOandGEO,andthereisavastpoolofin-formationonthistopic.However,allsolutionsknownatthisdatearedifficulttoimplementandrequirenon-trivialresources(cost,mass….).Furthermore,allthesesolutionsneednewtechnologydevelopmentsforefficientdebrisremoval.
Credit:NASA,J.C.Liou,An active debris removal parametric study for LEO environment remediation.AdvancesinSpaceResearch,2011.
Basedontheseobservations,theSwissSpaceCenterhasbeeninvolved in research activities over the last 3 years, preliminarydebrisremovaldesigns,andSwisstechnologysurveysinapro-gramcalled“Clean-mE”.Thisprogramhasbroughtthebasisfortoday’sCleanSpaceOne(CSO)project,whichpurposewillbetodemonstrateActiveDebrisRemoval(ADR).ThemainmotivationbehindtheCleanSpaceOneprojectistoincreaseawarenessandstartmitigating the impacton thespaceenvironmentbyactingresponsiblyand removingour“debris” fromorbit thusprovingthatitisfeasible.
During2012,aconceptualdesignoftheCleanSpaceOnenano-satellite was done, and several student projects continued thetechnologydevelopmentsintheareaofthegraspingandvisionsystems.
CleanSpaceOnechasingSwissCube(artistview).
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CHEOPS
A satellite to analyse exoplanets
TheCHaracterizingExoPlanetSatellite(CHEOPS)willbethefirstmissiondedicatedtosearchfortransitsbymeansofultrahighpre-cisionphotometryonbrightstarsalreadyknowntohostplanetsinthesuper-EarthtoNeptunemassrange(1<Mplanet / MEarth < 20).Bybeingable topoint at nearly any locationon the sky, itwillprovidetheuniquecapabilityofdeterminingaccurateradiiforasubsetofthoseplanetsforwhichthemasshasalreadybeenes-timated fromground-basedspectroscopicsurveys.Themissionwillalsoprovideprecisionradiifornewplanetsdiscoveredbythenextgenerationground-basedtransitssurveys(Neptune-sizeandsmaller).
TheSwissSpaceCenterwasresponsiblefortheflightsegmentworkpackageintheproject.Activitiesin2012startedwithPre-liminary Requirements Review. Based on the preliminary studythe team has responded to ESA’s S-mission call (June 2012).CHEOPS proposal was the only one recommended for furtherstudyoutof26proposals fromtheshort list (outofmore than50 submitted). After the selection the project was evaluated attheESA’sConcurrentDesignFacilityandtheSwissSpaceCenterhasprovidedactivesupport.NomajorissueswerefoundduringtheCDFstudyandprojecthavemovedtowardsPhasesAandBin2013/2014.
CHEOPSprojectisledbyUniversityofBern(PI:Prof.W.Benz).ESA will contribute part of the costs of the project (spacecraftbusandlaunchcostsamongothers).Switzerlandwillpartnerwithothercountriestoprovidetheinstrument.SwisspartnersincludetheSwissSpaceCenter,UniversityofGenève,ETHZandRUAG.Ontheinstrumentside,varioussubsystemswillbecontributedbyItaly,Belgium,Austria,France,UK,Hungary,PortugalandSwe-den.UKwillactivelyparticipateinMissionoperations.
ThemissionwillflyasinglepayloadonasmallsatelliteplatformandthetotalmassoftheS/Cwillbeontheorderof200kg.Toob-tainhighphotometricstability,thermalstabilityoftheinstrumentandstraylightsuppressionfromtheEartharedesigndrivers.Atthesametime,theobservableskyshouldbemaximized.
Tomeettheaboverequirements,thetelescopewillbeorbitinginaSunSynchronousLowEarthOrbithavingaLTANof6a.m.andanaltitudeof620 to800km.Thisorbitminimizeseclipsesand
thereforeprovidesa thermallystableenvironment.Toallow thestringentthermalcontrolofthedetector,theS/Cwillbe3-axissta-bilizedbutnadirlocked.PayloadradiatorsshallalwaysfaceawayfromEarthtocoldspace.AsmallsunshieldpreventsilluminationoftheseradiatorsbytheSun,thereforeprovidingathermallysta-bleenvironment for thepayload radiators.Thisorbitallowssci-encerequirementfulfilment.
Inadditiontoathermallystableenvironment,theinstrumentre-quireshighpointingstability:thetelescopeline-of-sightmustre-main stable to 8 arcsec RMS over a 10-hour observing period.Thisprecisioncanbeachievedonasmallplatformbyincludingtheinstrumentdataintheattitudecontrolloop.
TheCHEOPSsatellitewillobserveindividualtargetstarsinatrackand stare mode. Following target acquisition of a single star -whichwilltakelessthanaminute-thetelescopewillcontinuous-lypointatthetargetfortypically6-12hoursbutuptoafewweeksifthephasemodulationoftheplanetismeasured.Thetelescopeoperationwillbedominatedbymanysuchshortpointings,typi-callyonlyobservingastarwhenthetransitisexpectedtooccur.So,fromadatapointofview,CHEOPSisasimpleinstrument.TheteambaselinesanS-bandsystemforTM/TCanddatadownlink.TheS/Cwillprovide50Wcontinuouspowerforinstrumentopera-tionsandallowforatleast1GBit/daydownlink(seeFigure3,left,forarenderingofthes/c).
Parameter Value
Name CHEOPS (CHaracterizing ExOPlanet Satellite)
Primary science goal Measure the radius of planets transiting bright stars
to 10% accuracy (Earth-like: 15 ppm)
Targets Known exoplanet host stars with a V-magnitude < 12.5
anywhere on the sky
Instrument 33 cm reflective on-axis telescope
Detector 13 µm pixel 1k x 1k CCD (baseline: e2v CCD47-20 AIMO)
Orbit type LEO sun-synchronous 6am-6pm, 800 km
Mission Duration 3.5 years
ESA Program S-class mission
Expected Launch date 2017
Total dry mass 198 kg
Total instrument mass 65 kg
MaingoalsoftheCHEOPSprojectandcharacteristicsofthespacecraft
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CourtesyK.Ghose,EPFL-LMTS.
Education
A new tool to calculate the orientation of asatellite
Eachyear,tensofstudentscarryoutprojectsattheSwissSpaceCenter.2012wasmarkedbythelaunchedofanexperimentdevel-opedatEPFLon-boardanESAsoundingrocket.
TheGravityGradientEarthSensor(GGES)experimentisaprojectsupportedbytheEPFLLMTS(MicrosystemsforSpaceTechnolo-giesLaboratory)andtheSwissSpaceCenter,whichaimstotesttheoperationoftheEarthSensorsinmicrogravityconditions.Theproject was initiated in October 2010 and culminated with thelaunchoftheexperimentontheREXUS11soundingrocketfromEsrangeSpaceCenter,Sweden,inNovember2012aspartoftheREXUS/BEXUSprogramme.TheGGESexperimentisthefirsttestofanovelattitudedeterminationsensorinfreefall,whichutilizestheEarth’sgravitygradientasareference.
The sensor principle is based on the use of a device that canmeasuretheGravityGradientTorque(GGT)[3].TheMEMSsensorconsistsofanelongatedproofmasssuspendedbytwoverycom-pliantsprings.InEarthorbit,theGGTontheproofmassdependsontheanglebetweenthelongitudinalaxisoftheproofmassandthenadir.BymeasuringthedisplacementoftheproofmassduetoGGT,theangle,andthereforeattitude,canbedeterminedforLEOorbits.
Theexperimentisconstructedwithinacubesat-sizedframe.Itin-cludesatotaloffourMicroElectroMechanicalSystem(MEMS)independent Earth sensors, providing redundant pitch and rollmeasurements.Asinglepowerandcommunicationsboardpro-videstheinterfacebetweenthetwoboardsandtheexternalrock-etpowerandtelemetryservicemodule.Initscurrentdesign,theexperimenthasnobatteriesandreliesonexternalpowertooper-ate.Ithasamassofapproximately830g,andconsumes2.8Wofpowerfora28Vsupplyandhasanoutputdatarateof12Kbit/s.
OfthefourMEMSsensors,threesurvivedlaunchandonefunc-tionednominallyduringfreefall.Analysisison-goingtodeterminethe displacement due to GGT, since the motion of the MEMSproofmassisasumoftheeffectofGGTandpayloadtumble.WeobservethatthepredicteddisplacementoftheproofmassduetoaccelerationandangularvelocityofthepayloadinfreefallshowsacorrelationtotherecordedchangeincapacitanceduetomotionoftheMEMSproofmass.
3Dartist renderingof theCHEOPSsatellite,basedon the2012studyat theESA’sConcurrentDesignFacility.
Exampleofanobservedtransit.
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“ Mesure de Positionnement ”
To promote innovative ideas and new products related to the space sector
Thefirstcallforproposals“TofosterandpromoteSwissscientificandtechnicalcompetencesrelatedtospaceactivities”issuedbytheSwissSpaceOfficeoftheStatesecretariatforEducation,Re-searchand InnovationSERI/SSO in2010under theprogramme“Mesure de Positionnement” was concluded in February 2012withthepublicpresentationofthestudiesfunded.Thiseventwasheld at EPFL on February 24th with more than 100 participantsfrom theSwissspacecommunity, theEuropeanSpaceAgencyandtheindustrialprimes(AstriumandThalesAleniaSpace).
SpaceTechnologiesStudies2010atEPFLwiththeparticipationofFrancoOngaro(ESAD/TEC).
MdP2010activities.
Followingthisfirstcall,theSwissSpaceCenterhasbeenentrust-Followingthisfirstcall,theSwissSpaceCenterhasbeenentrust-edagainbytheSERI/SSOtoimplementasecondcallforpropos-alsbasedonthesamerules,withthesameobjective:“TofosterandpromoteSwissscientificandtechnologicalcompetencesre-latedtospaceactivities”.OnApril30th,24newproposalswerereceivedandwentthroughthetechnicalevaluationasdefinedinthe“Guidelinesonpositioningmeasureproposalsforspacepro-gramme”.
AttheendofSeptember,theSERI/SSOcommunicateditsdeci-siontofund12studiesinvolving22Swissentities.
Entitiesinvolvedinthe“Mesuredepositionnement”call2012.
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Promotion of space
Space Technology Summer Camp in Moscow
IntheframeworkofagreementbetweenBaumannMoscowStateUniversity(BMSTU)andtheEPFL,theSwissSpaceCenterhostedagroupof10studentsandprofessorsinMay2012foraworkshopontechnicalspeaking,organisedjointlywithEPFLhumanresources.Asusualnowsince2008,agroupofSwissstudents(8fromEPFLand 2 from ETHZ) visited the Space Technology Summer CamporganisedbyBMSTUinJuly.
Odyssée exhibition at “ Foire du Valais ”
InOctober,theSwissSpaceCenterparticipatedintheexhibition“Odyssée”organisedduringthe“FoireduValais”inMartigny.Itwasestimatedthatonethirdof200’000visitorswenttotheex-
BMSTU2012participants.
Concurrentdesigntrainingcourse.
SwissSpaceCenterexhibitionat“FoireduValais”.
Concurrent design training course
InSeptember,theSwissSpaceCenterorganisedatrainingcourseentitled “Introduction to Concurrent design and engineering”.This2-daycourse,opentoall theSwissspacecommunity,wasattendedbytenpeople.Theobjectiveswere:
“ Attendees will learn what Concurrent Design (CD) is and what its benefits are for their company. This course will also emphasize where this technology fits in the overall product development. Through hands-on exercises, the attendee will experience the CD process and the CD supporting tools. This hands-on tutorial will help the attendees to translate the theoretical description of CD in a practical example, using a subject easily translatable to their own field of interest and their company products. ”
hibitiondedicatedtoSpace.Therefore,about70’000peoplesawtheSwissSpaceCenteranimations,andweremadeawareofthespacedebrisproblematic,theprojectsoftheCenteranditsmis-sionsalongsideotherSwissspacestakeholderssuchasUniver-sityofBernandRUAGSpaceandprestigiousspaceobjectsfromNASAandESA.SpecialguestsincludedProf.ClaudeNicollierandCharlieDuke,respectivelyESAandNASAAstronauts.
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Visit to Beihang University in Beijing
TheSwissSpaceCenterattendedfromNovember6,tillNovem-ber9,aseriesofmeetingwithprofessorsfromBeihangUniver-sity (Beijing),aswellas the“2012BeijingSpaceSustainabilityConference”.TheobjectivesofthemeetingsatBeihangUniver-sityweretostartexchangesatatechnicallevelanddiscussthepossibilitiesforasummerschoolexchange.
TheBeihangUniverstiy (BUAA)was founded in1952andwasChina’s first university focused on aeronautical and astronauti-calengineeringandacademic research.Nowadays, itholds26schoolsinmanydisciplinessuchassciences,engineering,eco-nomics, management, humanities, law, philosophy, education,medicineandart.Outof the26schools, laboratoriesfromtwoschoolswerevisited:theSchoolofAstronauticsandtheSchoolofInstrumentScienceandOptoelectronicsEngineering.
VolkerGassreceivingthecommemorativeflaghavingflown444daysinspacecelebratingthe60thanniversaryofIAF.
Prof.Huang’sgroupfromtheSchoolofAstronauticswithMurielRichard,Sen-iorengineerandDeputyDirectorortheSwissSpaceCenter
2012SpaceSustainabilityConferenceinBeijing,organisedbyBeihangUniversity.
IAF conference in Naples
TheSwissSpaceCenterrepresentedEPFLatIAF(InternationalAs-tronauticalFederation)congress inNaples(Italy) fromOctober1stto5th.Prof.GasswasnominatedmemberoftheSpaceUniversityAdvisoryCommittee(SUAC).Thiseventwasattendedby3300peo-plefromallovertheworld.160technicalsessionswerepresented,8plenaryevents,3highlightlecturesand3latebreakingnews.
TheSwissSpaceCenterwasinvitedtopresenttheCleanSpaceOne project at the “2012 Beijing Space Sustainability Confer-ence”.Thisconferencewasco-organisedbyBeihangUniversity,SecureWorldFoundationandtheInternationalSpaceUniversity.ItbelongstoaseriesofSpaceSustainabilityConferences,mostlyfunded by the Secure World Foundation. This conference cov-eredboth technical and legal/political aspects related to spacedebris.
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Members’ word
Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Engineering &
Architecture (HSLU T&A) signed a two-year cooperation agree-
ment as an academic partner in the network of the Swiss Space
Centre (SSC) of the EPFL. The technically challenging projects
conducted by the SSC together with students are well in line with
the practical Bachelor Engineering education at HSLU T&A. The
successful participation in the on-going project CubETH is an ex-
cellent example which is being used as a fascinating showcase for
potential future students. We are also convinced that the various
centres of excellence at HSLU T&A will be able to bring skills which
are complementary to the other academic institutions and which
will prove valuable to industrial partners in future joint projects.
“ At Constellium innovation has always been at the core of our
business. And amongst many markets where advanced tech-
nology is critical, Space has always been amongst the leading
sectors.
Therefore Space is and will continue to be an important field for
us, where we can push the boundaries of our aluminium solu-
tions to perhaps the most demanding environment.
As we expand our aerospace manufacturing capabilities to our
plant in Sierre, Valais, it is paramount for us to interact as much
as possible with the Swiss space industry. In this context, the
Swiss Space Center is an excellent platform for Constellium. ”
Marcel JossProfessor
HES-Luzern
Bruno MuccioloGlobalMarketingManager
Constellium
Formoreinformation
contact:
Swiss Space Center
EPFL,Station11
1015Lausanne
Tel.:+41(0)216936948
http://space.epfl.ch