EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

OF

SOCIAL ACTION PLAN (SAP) OF

KABELI-A HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT

IN

KHALING RAI LANGUAGE

Submitted to: WORLD BANK

Submitted by: Kabeli Energy Limited Buddha Nagar, Kathmandu, Nepal

 

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cg'jfbs M ljif0f vflnª /fO{ / /fh s'df/ vflnª /fO{

Sofd kf] bf]VjfO{aL sfa]nL æPÆ hnljB't cfof]hgfkf] bf]VjfO{aL

!= cfof]hgfkf] a|f laGof bf]VjfOaL 3f]n] rx]O 5'SKof c\ofnf] x\jfOlsd vfnkf] ljB't -#&=^_

d]ufjf6 RofKyf sfa]nL æPÆ s" 3|ofO{lsd -ljB't_ cfof]hgf Gjfd\v'ª g]kfnkf] kfFry/ dg

tfKn]h'Ë lhNnfkf] /Ld 5'Stf] v\jfOKof sfj]nL== aL Uof] . -au]O5'SKof_ cfof]hgf c\of kfFry/

lhNnfkf] cd/k'/ sf]nf] kGrdL dg tfKn]h'Ë lhNnfkf] y]rDa' dg gfËvf]NofË b]n ljsf;

;ldltkf] ljleGg j8fkf] c\ofXTofd Uof] . xfO8«f]sG;N6 k|f=ln= c\of g]kfn ;/sf/kf] sfg"gL

k|lqmof dg ljZj a}+skf] gLlt dg Sofdof]hgf x]ª\;f ;fdflhs c\of d"NofÍg Do";f Sofd

of]hgf Do"GKof Uof] .

cfof]hgfkf] 3\jfNKof ;+/rgf XofdaL 8fOe/;g afFw, ;fO8 OG6]s, s" rlD;Sb] wL d'Vo

uf]bfª, ;h{ ;fkm\6, pw]DTo'd k]g:6f]s dg cjfOb] 3|ofO{lsd sd k/]O5'g' . s"kf] wL sf]nf]d

!$=# ld6/ /]Kof s" c\jfOb] afFw sfj]nL ahf/s sl/a @=% ls=dL= pvf]To' sfj]nL sjkf] k]Ëy

ag]O 5' . DoaL r]O cd/k'/ uf=lj=;=kf] 3';]{gL b]n k/]O5' . dg emky y]rDa' uf=lj=;=kf] v'b|'s]

k/]O5' . s"kf] ^)=@ ld6/ ;f]ËKof pNkmof]Kof uf]bfË] dg $#@^=* ld6/ ;f]ËKof d'Vo uf]bfª

ns lkKn] sj ˆofaL{ tdf]/ wLkf] k]Ëy Uof]Kof py]DTo'd 3|fofOlsd sd x\of]Ë:ofg' Xof]Ë;fg' .

@= Dof]naL cjwf/0ff dg k2lt M

Vof]n]Ë 3\jfNKof ;/f]sf/jfnf Xofd Vof]n] kf] ;fdflhs ljsf;kf] Dof]nr] XofdaL 5'Gof cj;/

lag' cofGof cjwf/0ffaL To a;d Sofd Dof]n cfwfl/t Uof] . ToaL Dof]nr] ;fdflhs dg

VoflKr -cfly{s_ d"NofÍgkf] cfwf/jL Doflad Dof]nkf] rx]O5'SKof 5]O;f Dof]nkf] k|fyldstf

rog Do'GKof Uof] . ;fdflhs Sofd Dof]n d'VoaL ;fdflhs d"NofÍgkf] lgrf]8 dg lgisif{kf]

cfwfl/t Uof] . ofso's a|fnGoXofd sdw'/L a|f ;ªNo'Gof ;a]{If0f, b\jVjfO{ b]n hghflt,

cflbjf;L, ;j]{If0f, OsDof]n r]aL Dof]n v\jfDGof dg vfnvfnkf] ;/f]sf/jfnf x\ofsf]nf]d a|f

ax;, dg bDGof dg jfx\O{Kof b]n ;]O;of VjfDGKo Uof]Gof . Uof]vf]ËKof cj:yf dg Rof/LaofF

clws/0fkf] c;/, xsjfnf dg YoflKsd\ gS;fsf]nf]Ë Rof/LaofF clws/0f dg SofD;Gofkf]

cfFs8f Tof]Gof Dof]n bo"sYof]Kof b]n TofDofkf] YoflKsd gSzfkf] nflu ;e]{If0f -;]OGofSofd\_

dg nfu]O 5'SKo cf]bL Do'Gb]GKof uf]Tof . g]kfnkf] s" 3|ofOlsd\ ljsf;sf]nf] ;DjlGw

y'Stf]ËUof]Kof, p/bd xf]Ëd\ SofdaL x\of]Kof ljlwljwfg kf] dg SofdUof]n dg ljZj j]Íkf]

pb/d dg SofdDof]n k/]ODo";f To b:tfj]hjL Tof]GKof Uof] . ldg kf] v|Gof ljj/0f s]lGb|o

tYof+s ljefu kf] vfxª lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt dg /\jfx\OKof uflj;sf NofGTofKof

cfFs8fx[ofd\sf VjfK;f . Tof]GKof Uof] .

2

#=;fdflhs dg ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fkf] bf]VofO{aL a|f laGof M–

#=!= Dof]nVjfDGof b]n]kf] /\jfO{Kof uflj;x\ofd kfFry/ lhNnfkf] cd/k'/ dg kGrdL dg tfKn]h'Ë

lhNnfkf] y]rDa' dg gfËvf]NofË uflj;x\ofd Toc\of k|efljt uflj;x\ofd :of] . Dof]nVj|fDGofkf]

3\jfNo ;+/rgfx\ofd, d] x]Ë x]8js{;\ ;h{ ;fˆ6, uf]bfª, k]g:6s dg 3|ofOlsdsd x\ofd

ck/k'/ uflj;aL /x]O5'g' . To uflj;x\ofDkf] ldgx\ofd\ @!)(*$@=!Ü Nof:of] dg %!=@@Ü

d]N;]d dg Nof:Kof] d]N;]d cg'kft !M!=)& /x]O{ 5'SKof Uof] . t' sd a/fj/ %=$$ x; d'g' .

Dof]nVj|fDGof b]njL vfnvfnkf] hfthftL d'Vo ª\of]NKof b]nx\ofd Uof] . To ;d"bfox\ofdc\of

vfnvfnkf] ;f+:s[lts,a|f dg wfld{s kl/j]zkf] emNsf] lag' . %#=#@Ü cgsdcd'Vo

cflbaf;L÷hghflt -lnDj' ¥ofO{ tfdfª, g]jf/ dg dfemL_ #(=$&Ü n''; -afx'g If]qL_ dg

^=!#Ü km]/km] -blnt bdfO{, dg ;fsL{_ x\ofd d'g' . Vof]n]Ë uflj;aL lnDj' hfltkf] ;ªVof 3f]n]

Uof] . DojL d'Kof x\ofd c\of d'VojLM lxGb' -%#=)^Ü_ ls/fFt -#&=)%Ü_ dg af}4 -(=%@Ü_

wd{x\ofd dfg]ODofg' . /]SKof h]OKof b/ $(Ü -%%=#Ü_ Nof:Kof] dg $$=&Ü d]N;]d_ d'g' .

Vof]n]jL Dof]nVjfDGof b]nkf] VoflKr cj:yf dg ;+/rgf xf]ªfd lhNnfx\ofdkf], d] x]ª s[lif, dg

u}/ s[lifjL cfwfl/+t ªjfNKof VofKrL k|0ffnL Uof] .

#=@= ;e]{If0f Do"GKof sd w'/Lx\ofd lj:t[t ;fdflhs VoflKr -cfly{s_ ;e]{If0fkf] nflu ;"Sjf

uflj;x\ofdkf] /\ofxOKof -k|efljt_ b]nns Vof]n]Ë $^ sdw"/Lx\ofd\ -cd/k'/ #), k~rdL @

dg y]rDj' !$ sdw'/L x\ofd pb\jfDGofkf] gËaL yf]STog"d Uof] . ;e]{If0f Do"GKof sdw'/L

x\ofdkf] Vjf]n]Ë ldGofx\ofd -hg;+Vof, #^# -%!@$Ü_ Nof:Kof] dg $*=&^Ü d]N;]d_ dg cf}ift

sdw'/Lkf] cfsf/ &=*( /x]O{5'SKof Uof] Dof r]O{ /fli6«o dg Dof]nVj|fDGof uflj;x\ofdkf] cf}ift

cfFs8f ~of:;f pvf]To" Uof] . 3f]n] sdw'/L x\ofd kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgfjL ;uf]n -^@Ü_ qmlds

?kaL PsfÍ -@(Ü_ dg lj:tfl/t -(Ü_ ;+/rgfx\ofd hg]OEofg' . /f/f %)Ü sdw'/L xofdc\of

ls/fFt wd{ #$=&* /f/f ~of lxGb' wd{dg !%=@@Ü ~of af}4 wd{ dfg]ODofg' . ;e]{If0f Do"GKof

sdw'/Lx\ofDkf] k/]O dl:;Kof -;fIf/tf_ b/ *$=#(Ü Uof] Dofr]O{ Dof]nVj|fDGof b]n dg lhNnf

xofdkf] cf}ift cfFs8f c\ofO{;f t'Ss :of] . nueu ^$=$^Ü ldgXofd VofKrL ?kaL ;s[o

Uof]Kof dg 3f]n] Xofd s[liflj nfu]O{ 5'SKof d'g' . ldg5'Gofkf] nflu $#=$*Ü vf]n]Ë s[lifla

cfwfl/t dg POKof sdw'/LXofd s[lif kf] afx]s -cfsf_ xf]Ëfd tfkf] SofdXofd Dofx]ª

xf]ªfd\kf] pb]nlad\ Sofd Xofd NjfDKof -/f]huf/_ tKt? -gf]s/L_ dg Rjf/;fcfla £oflD;Kof

Uof] . ;e]{If0f Do'gKof sdw'/Lxofd\kf] cf}ift Rof/Ljof !=%( x]S6/ /x]O{ 5'SKof Uof] Dofr]O{

lhNnfkf] -kfFry/ )=*! x]S6/ dg tfKn]h'Ë )=*! x]S6/_ dg /fli6«o -)=*! x]S6/_ cf};t

cfFs8f c\O;f pvf]KTo' Uof] . hfthfltkf] cfwf/aL Rofl/jofF Uof]KofXofdaL lnDa' 6fS6' c\O{;f

3

t's -!=&$ x]S6/÷sdw'/L_ Uof] vf]ldd tfdfª 6fS6's c\ofO{;f o"s -!=@$ x]S6/÷sdw'/L_ Uof]

.

v]ltkflt Do'GKof aofFXofDaL /f/f %$=&_Ü e]ª;L -l;+rfO{ Do'GKof p_ dg $%=@(Ü kfvf] p -

l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf_ dUof]Kof aofF_ k/]O5' . /\of], ds}, wf]r]/ dg u]8fu'8LXofd Dof]nVqfDGof b]naL

NofOKof d'Vo yf]lrg'/L -cGgafnL_ dg vfBfGgXofd :of] . Dof aofFaL yk VofKrLkf] SofdGjfd

dg cfDbfgLkf] >f]tkf] ?kaL rf}kfofXofd Dof x]Ë e]/f 3|f]t, d]if, kf], xfF; dg ˆof ]Xofd u]Gg' .

cf}ift jflif{s sdw'/L Xof]Kof ?=!,&(,$%&=!$ Uof] Dof r]O{ a|fxd0fXofdaL 3f]n] -?=#,)!,!))_

dg dflemXofdaL bf]VjfO{ -?=*^,)))_ Uof] Tof cf}ift sdw'/L Xof]Sb] /fli6«o cfFs8f c\ofO;f

aªKof :of] . 3f]n]Xofd sdw'/L Xofd s[lif SofdaL d'g' vf]of]Ë pt'kf]Sofdns Xof]Kof ?k}ofF

VofKrL -/]ld6]G;_ ljk|]if0f_ c\of Xof]KofaL 3\jfXKof lx:;f -$#=$*Ü_ ¥ofXKofd Uof] . cf}ift

jflif{s sdw'/L vr{ ?=!,@!,(%! Uof] Dof rO{ a|fXd0fXofdaL 3f]n] -?=@,@%,^$*_ dg

dflemXofdaL bf]VjfO{ -?=&&,$&^_ Uof] . vr{kf] >f]tXofdaL 3f]n] VofKrL Hof]lsaL -#)=%%Ü_

dg qmlds ?kaL SjflKsd Uof], :jf:Yo dg lzIffaL vr{ Dofg' . Dof]nv||fDGof b]n 3f]jL lkgf;L

b]n afx]s ;/;kmfO{ kf] cj:yf AnofGofwDKof Uof] . /f/f ^%=@!Ü sdw'/LaL :jR5 HjfGof s'kf]

kx'Fr Uof], dg *&Ü sdw'/LaL PSb]Vjfd kf] ;'ljwf Uof] . ;e]{If0f Do"GKof sdw'/LaL TjfOHof]Kof

/f]u XofdaL 6fOkmfO8, bd, lx cNktf, dw'd]x, kmf]S;f] ;DaGwL /f]u dg /fËXofd :of] .

Dof]nVj|fDGof If]qaL :jf:Yo ;]jfkf] nflu :jf:Yo rf}sL dg pk–:jf:Yof rf}sL Xofd Uof] .

pGofGhof]ª 3f]n]h;f] x;Xofd\ pkrf/ Do'Gof gf]S5f]jL lj:jf; Dofg' . Vjf]n]Ë sdw'/L~of

Hof]lsd vDGofkf] nflu ;+3 ª ¥of]Ëg' . 3f]n]h;f] sdw'/L aL 6]lnkmf]g df]jfOn -h]Sb]_ ;'ljwfkf]

kx'Fr Uof] . Dof rO{ vfnvfnkf] ;+:yfXofd~of ;]jf xof]Tog'd Uof] . Dofkf] ;fyaL DofIf]qkf]

d]rL /fhdfu{~of ;DalGwt lhNnf ;b/d'sfdXofd hf]/]ODo"Tofd Uof] .

#=# cflbaf;L hghflt

Tof If]qaL vfnvfnkf] hfthflt Xofd ;dflxt ªjfNKof ;d'bfokf] d'Sb]Vjfd Uof] . lnDa',

tdfª dg dflemXofd cflbaf;L hghflt ;d'xXofd :of] Dof rO{ Dof]nVj|fDGofkf]

SofdGjfdns tSRof]T~of k|efljt 5'g' . Tof ;d'bfoXofd~of vfnvfnkf] ;fF:s[lts a|f, dg

wfld{s w/ftnkf] emNsf] lag' .

#=$ n}lËs ofyk/]O 5'SKof dg ªgNo'Kof -hf]lvdk"0f{_ ;d'x

sfa]nL …PÚ s'3|ofOlsd Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] ;Gbe{aL ªgNo"Kof c\ofGofkf] cy{ Dof sdw"l/Xofd dg

;d'bfoXofd hg]ODofg', Dof rO{ rx]O5'SKof Sof]SKof rSKof, >f]t, cg'ej dg ;+:yfut

Do'GofRofKofkf] d/L ª sdL Uof]lddc\of ubf{ tlx;LGo k'g{:yfkgf Do"Go Sofd dg kmfObfx\ofd

4

kf]GofaL ;xefuL DoGof 3\jfNKof sl7gfOXofDkf] ;fdgf dTo' . Dof]nVj|fDGo If]qaL clfbaf;L

hghfltXofd, dg d]x;]dXofd ofyk/]O5'SkfXofd dg dUof]Kof -gfh's_ ;d'bfoXofdkf] ?kaL

lnoO{dGKof Uof] .

$= Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] k|efj dg k|efj d'NofÍg

$=! Dof]nVjfa|fDGof k|efljt If]qx\ofdaL kfFry/ lhNnfkf] cd/k'/ dg kGrdL sf]nf] tfKn]h'Ë

lhNnfkf] y]rDa' dg gfËvf]NofË uf=lj=;=Xofd k/]O5'g' . Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] 5'GofRofKof ;fdflhs

dg jftfj/0fLo k|efjXofdkf] cfwf/aL Dof]nVa|fDGof k|efljt If]qXofd tSrf]Tc\of dg ck|ToIf

k|efljt If]qXofdaL jlu{s/0f Do'GKof Uof] . tSrf]tªof k|efljt If]qXofdaL wf]ËvTof If]q -

afFwsf pwn' dg 3|ofO{ldsd sf pVjf]To' s'kf] axfj bf]VofO{ 5'Sb] If]q_ dg Dof]nVa|fDGofkf]

3f]n]h;f] lgdf{0fkf] .

SofdGjfdXofd 5'SKof If]q Xofd k/]O5'g' Dof r]O{ 3f]n] k|efljt 5'Gof ;S5 . TofDoflad

If]qXofd dg ck|TofIf k|efljt 5'SKof If]qXofdaL Dof]nVa|fDGof lgdf{0f kf] qmdaL ;Grfng

5'SKof SofdGjfdns tSrf]Tc\of k|efljt d5'SKof If]qXofd k/]O5'g' .

$=@ Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] duhKkf] k|efjXofd M

dg k|efj d"NofÍg

$=@=!=Rof/LaL k|efj

DofnVj|fDofc\Gof @@=%)* x]S6/ jofF :yfoL ?kjL clws/0f Dof . df]vf]of]Ë sfj]nL æPÆ #

s' w\ofO{lsd Dof]nVj|fDGofcof :o" vfof] kl/jf/x\ofd k"0f{ ?kjL :yfgfGt/0f d"Dofg" . :yfoL

?kjL clws/0f Do"Kof jofkf] pvfnx\ofdjL &=^&@ x]S6/tË s[lif of]Uo jofF k/]O{5' dg !=%&

x]S6/ y"Gofd dg xf]ªfd\ wL dg au/ If]qx\ofd k/]O5'g' .

Dof]nVj|fDGofcof @%=@! x]S6/ pb c:yfoL ?kjL clws/0f Dof . d'Vo ?kjL c:yfoL ?kaL

clws/0f Do"Kof jofF !%=() x]S6/ wL dg gu/ If]qx\ofd k/]O5'g' DofjL Dof]nVj|fDGofkf]

;+/rgfx\ofd d] x]ª vfgL, kmO{lsdns NofO{Kof n'Ë dg Kof]s\ tx yGs]ODo"Kof 7fpFx\ofd\ /x]O

5'g' .

Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] vfnvfnkf] ;+/rgfx\ofd lgdf{0fkf] nflu :yfoL ?kjL ao clws/0f Dofg"nf]

Vjf]n]Ë !# sdw"/Lx\ofd -^ sd tdfª, # dfemL, !@ lnDj" dg # jfx'g÷If]qL_ c\of &=^&@

x]S6/ jofF u'd]O{Dofg' . Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt kl/jfx\ofdkf] ljj/0f lj:t[t ?kjL o"s k|:t't

Do"Tof Uof] .

qm=;+= Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] ;+/rgfx\ofd jo clws/0f Do"Sb]

sdw"/Lx\ofd kf] ;+Vof

kl/jf/ ;+Vof u}/ s[lif SofdjL

vjfOTof

5

/f]huf/ ;b:ofx\

ofd

! jfFw If]q ;fSjf -@_ !@ @

@ x]8js{; IfqjL :yfoL

cfjf;

;fSjf @ @% %

# Jof/]s,ck/]l6Ë

KNof6kmd{ dg O{G6]s

;fSjf @ !& ^

$ 3|ofOb]sd If]qjL cfjf; ;fSjf @ @@ $

% 3|ofOb]sd, :jLrof8{ dg ;fSjf ^ @^ @

6]n]/];

Vof]n]jL !# !)% !(

t' sdw'/Lkf] ;fSjfË 7fpF -qm=;+=$ dg Dofb % jL ao clws/0f Dof

Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt kl/jf/x\ofdjL ;fs sdw"/f]~of tfkf] aokf] %)Ü c\ofO;f 3f]n] efu

u'd]O{Dof vf] cf8 sdw'/Lc\of @%Ü ~ofO{;f bf]VjfO{ u'd]ODofg" . k|fozM k|efljt ao v]tLkftLkf]

lx;fjc\of sd;n vfnkf] /x]O 5'SKof Uof] . Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt kl/jf/kf] cf}fift

jo :jfldTj b/ #=)@ x]S6/ /x]O5'SKof Uof] Dofb r]O{ /fli6«o dg lhNnf cf}ift /\xjfO{;f

pvf]To" :of] . Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt !# sdw"/L x\ofdjL !( kl/jf/kf] ;b:ox\ofd k"0f{ ?kjL

u}/ s[lif SofdaL cfj4 d'g' Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt If]qaL u}/ s[lif Sofd /f]huf/L b/ !=$^ k|lt

sdw"/L TjfO{ .

$=@=@ u}/ ;ª y'Gofd k}bfj/jL 5'Gof RofKof ;Defljt xfgL gf]S;fgL

Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt sfj]nL uhL{t] dg 3\jfNKof w';]gL ;fd"bflos y'Gofdkf] l;df If]q

x\ofdjL /f/f )=%(Ü -%%=% x]S6/ dWo] )=## x]S6/_ y'Gofd If]q clws/0fjL k/]O5 . df]vf]of]Ë

clws/0fns 3\jfNKof dfqfjL y'Gofd If]qkf] p3\o'd efu ljvl08t d5'SKof c\ofu{bf u}/;Ë

y'Gofd k}bfj/LaL 5'Gof RofKof xfgL gf]S;fgL v|Go d'RoflKsd\ ª 5'STof cg'dfg Do"GKof Uof] .

$=@=#=ª\of]jL 5'Gof RofKof ;Defljt c;/ sfj]nL wLkf] jxfk kl/jt{g~of ubf{ d+l;/sf c;f/

dlxgf;f]d jfFwkf] o"Ssfd If]qkf] /f/f %=^ ls=ld=wL If]qjL s' k|jfxjL sdL x\of]ldd\ c\of

ubf{ ;do–;dojL dgf]/Ghgkf] nflu ªof] ;]Gof Sofd\ c;/ k/]O5'Gof ;S5 . To If]qjL

Joj;foLs ?kjL ªof] ;]OGof x; jf ;d"x d"Gof]lddc\of ubf{ wf]ËvKof a]nfjL -lxpFbdf_ tdf]/

lwjL -afFw Uof]Tof :yfgns 3f]n]jL %=^ ls=ld=o's_ cyjf sfj]nL lwkf] t'Ssfd If]qjL

ª\of] ;]GGof Yof]sL . Jof] o]Sb] a]nfjL r]O{Dof If]qjL wLjL oy]i7 jxfj 5' .

6

$=@=$ef}lts dg tD/x\ofd\kf] >f]tx\ofdjL duhKkf] -c;/_ 3|ofO{lsd\sd Uof]Ub] 7fpF km\ofjL{ Uof]Tof

t'jf kf6L dg dfemLx\ofdk]f k'hf cr{gf do"Sb] ;fSjf 7fpFx\ofdjL ag]O{Do"g a]nfjL bjfj

5'GFof RofJo" . d];fcfË s'kf] b\jf]VjfO{ jxfjc\of ubf{ sfj]nL ahf/aL Uof]Kof kfGrfog lzjfno

dlGb/ dg s'kf] jxfj b\jf]VjfO{ Uof]Sb] If]q -%=^ ls=dL_ Uof]Kof ;'Sjf dg\s[ofd Do"Sb] 7fpx\ofd\

c;/ 5'Gof RofJo" . 3|ofO{lssd Uof]Ub] 7fpF km\ofaL{ Uof]Kof kLgf;L 3f/jL Uof]Kof kf6L olb

ef}lts ?kjLË ljuf/ 5'vf]ldd\ ;d'bfokf] ;xdtL x]ª j}slNks 7fpFaL of]Gof em\ofk . wLjL

b\jfVofOjL cf}ift s' jxfj 5'Hof]ldd ~of ubf{ kf~rfog lzjfno dlGb/, xO{b]Vofd x\ofd dg

k'hf ljlwaL /f]Ëlsd\ ªof]x=ofd vf;} c;/ k/]Og5''g'd\ d'Yof]sL .

$=@=%=lgdf{0fsf]nf] ;DjlGwt Sofd\ kl/rfngns 5'SKof c;/x\ofd\ lgdf{0fkf] ;dojL SofdDo"Kof

x\ofdkf] ;+Vof Ejf;f{ lgdf{0f :yn TofDofldd d'VojL Mcfj;Lo If]qjL Hof]gs" x\jfGof, :jf:Yo

dg ;/;kmfO{kf] ;'ljwfx\ofdjL 9jfj 5'Gof RofJo" . d];fª vfnvfnkf] lgdf{0f SofdGjfd c\of

b'3{6gf dg rf]6k6s x\jfGof of] RofGo" . 3\jfNKof ;+VofaL vfnvfnkf] ;fdflhs dg tD/

Uof]Sb] 7fpFUof]Kof x;x\ofd 5\of]Gofkf] ;fy} VofKrLkf] t/ntc\of ;fdflhs duhkf] afgL -

b'Jo{zg_ d] x]ª M rL–x]ªDof t'Gof, j]Zofj[lQ x\jfGof Rofk" . To c; x\ofd\c\of ubf{ DojL d'Tof

x;\x\ofd\ dg x\of]Kof SofdDo'Kof x\ofdjL dgd'6fj e\jfGof{ RofJo" dg Dof]nVj|fDGof If]qkf]

zflGt dg cdgrog c;/ k/]O5'Gof RofJo" Dof~of ubf{ DofjL d'Kof x;x\ofd afWo 5'g'gf

of]G;LGof ;d]t RofKg' .

lgdf{0fsf]nf] ;DjlGwt c;/x\ofd d'VojL lgdf{0fkf] a]nfjL 3\jfNKof ;+VofjL pt'n x\of]Kof

x;x\fd xof]Gofc\of ubf{ 5' . Tofkm]d c;/x\ofd dlDsd ªx]ª 5'g' df]nf] c\of]x\of]d xb;f]d

c;/ Eofg' c\of:; 5]Og rO{ d/L ª cK7\of/f] 5' .

$=@=%=cflbjf;L hghflt dg afWo k/]O5'STof

;d"xaL k/]O5'STof c;/x\ofd\

Dof]nVj|fDGof If]qjL ª\jfNKof ;d"bfokf] x;x\ofd d'g' DofaL cflbjf;L hghflt dg

xf]ªgfd ;d"x sf]nf]Ë d'' . cflbjf;L hghflt, d]N;]d, Rof]RRof]x\ofd\ dg hf]lvdjL

d'Kof ;d"bfox\ofdcoff t's /]GKof c;/x\ofd ef]u]ODofg' . df]nf] t]km]d x]km]dvf]of]ª c;/x\ofd

ljz]ifjL M Tox\ofdtª k/]O5'g' c\ofGof d'Uof] .

%= gLltut 9fFrf M k|efj5'SKof x;\xofd Dof]nVofj|fDGof SofdGjog 5'Gof~of:; Nonlad cj:yf

~of:o; emg cK7]/f] cj:yfns u'h|]O d'5'g' ~ofGof dfGotfjL gLltut 9fFrf cfwfl/t Uof] .

rx]O5'SKof x]ª tSof]Tc\of jf k/f]If ?kjL cf]/]O5'SKof vfnvfnkf] sfg"gL j'bfx\ofd 5nkmn

dg k/]ODo"Gof d'GKof Uof] .

7

Dof]nVj+fDGofkf] sf/0f~of 5'SKof vfnvfnkf] Ifltkf] ?k dg g]kfn ;/sf/ dg ljZj j}+skf]

gLltkf] k|fjwfg x]ª Ifltk"lt{ ljGof Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] k'g{jf; 9fFrf x]ªxs tflnsf k|:tfj Do"GTof

Uof] . Uof]nVj|fDGofkf] Vof]n]Ë ;+/rgfx\ofdns 5'SKof k'gjf{;sf] c;/x\ofdaL Tof xs tflnsf

nfu" 5' . Dof]nVj|fDGof SofdGjog Do"lsnf] obL yk c;/ 5]Ovf]ldd Ifltk"lt{kf] Joj:yfdg yk

c;/x\ofjL ;xof]ukf] Joj:yf ;dflxt Do";f :yfgLo hgtf dg Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] xsjfnf

aLrkf] p:tfklad ;dembf/LaL xs tflnsf tVv]k km]/L ;]OGof wd . clws/0f 5'SKof 6fs6's

aFo dg hfoh]yfkf] Ifltk"lt{ ;§f d"NoaL lag' Dofc\of k|efljt xz . kl/jf/kf] VoflKr

dg ;fdflhs eljZo Dof]nVj|fDGof SofdGjog 5'Gof Nofn c\of:; aËKof 5' . cofGof ljZjf;

laGKof Uof] .

^= k'gaf{; d'cfAhf dg Hof]Goft'Gofkf] nflu ;xfotf Dof]nVj|fDGof

Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] k'g{af;, d'cfAhf dg Hof]Goft'Gofkf] nflu ;xfotf Dof]nVj|fDGof gLltut 9fFrf

dg xs tflnsfaL cfwfl/t Uof] . Tof Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] c\ofgofF p, b" k|flKt P]g, @)#$, ljZj

a}+skf] c:j}lR5s k'g{af; dg cflbaf;L hghflt y]DaLd gLlt dg s' 3|ofOlsd sf]nf] ;daGw

Dof]Kof P]g gLlt dg lgb]{lzsf]kf] rx]O5'SKofXofd k'/f Dof . Dof]nVj|fDGof ;+rfngkf] sf/0f

5'SKof Vof]n]Ë Ifltk'lt{ dg k'gaf{;kf] SofdGjfdXofd Vof]n]Ë ?kaL k|rlnt

sfg"g ;Ddt ;d]t /x]O5'SKof Uofg' . sfg"gL k|fjwfgaL Uof]Kof sdLsdhf]/L ÷

l;lkttfx\ofd ;Daf]wg Do"Gof dg c;/ 5'SKof x; jf ;d'bfokf] Hof]Goft'Gofkf] nflu

Gofof]lrt ;Daf]wg Do"Gof Dof]nVj|fDGof c\of ljZj a}+skf] gLlt x]ª;f c:j}lR5s k'gaf{;

lgb]{lzsf agfO{ Do"GKof Uof] . Dof p2]Zo :of]Gofkf] nflu ;fdflhs d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgaL

k'gaf{;Lo l;4fGtkf] 9fFrf ag]ODo'GKof Uof] Dofc\of Dof]nVj|fDGof tof/L dg SofdGjog

dfu{ k|z:t Dof . ;fdflhs ;]OGof -d"NofÍg_ k|ltj]bgkf] lgrf]8kf] x]ª;f k'g{af; d'cfAhf

Dof]nVj|fDGof ag]ODo"G:of :of] DofaL 5'Gof RofKof c;/, ;DalGwt xfgL dg hf]/]O{ 5'SKof

NjfDGoflaGo ljlwbx\ofd ;]ODo'GKof Uof] .

&= hf]lvd cof e/]O5'SKof ;d'bfo ljsf; of]hgf M

hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfo ljsf; of]hgfc\of Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] sf/0f hf]lvdaL k/]O5'SKof xz

jf ;d'bfoXofd vf; k|fyldstfjL Tof];f DofXofDkf] Hof]Goft'GofaL 5'GofRofKof

c;/Xofd ;Dj]bgzLn tl/sfcof Go"lgs/0f dg ;Daf]wg Dof . Dof]nVj|fDGof If]qaL

ªjfNKof ;d'bfo d'g'dcof ubf{ cof]Xof]dof] ;d'xkf] tfkf] 5'§} d'Sb] If]q d'Uof] . d]e]Gof

DofXofd pGof VoflKr dg Hof]Goft'Gofkf] SofdXofdaL b'ª vfnkf] ;]OGof tl/sf ;d]t To"Tg'd

Yof]Tg' . cdXofdpGof Dof]nVj|fDGof SofdGjfogkf] sf/0f NofO{Kof ts vfnkf]ª

8

c;/ ;fd'lxs ?kaL ª ef]u]ODofg'; pGof ubf{ ;DalGwt hfthfltkf] nflu cofGof:;f 5'§}

c;/ d5]Og Uof] . df]vf]of]ª cdXofDkf] ljlzi7 ;fdflhs dg SofdDofg'd cg';f/ 5]OGof c\of

ubf{ c;/Xofd x]a];f]d /x]O5'g' ~ofGof ;d'x ljz]if~of csf]{ª 5'Gof RofAo' .

Dof]nVj|fDGof If]qaL cflbaf;L hghflt blnt, dg d]N;]dXofd sd3\fNKof d'Kof sdw'/LXofd

hf]lvdk"0f{ dg ofyk/]O5'SKof ;d'x c\ofO;f cWoogc\of 5]GTofd Uof] .

Dof]nVj|fDGof SofdGjog Do'GKofc\ofnL Vof]n] !# Dof]nVj|fDGof k|efljt kl/jf/Xofd 3f]jL !)

cflbaf;L hghflt ^ tdfË, # dfemL, dg ! lnDa', sdw'/Lc\of tfkf] p, b', u'd]ODofg' . df]nf]

Dof]nVj|fDGof x]km]d vf]of]ª blnt dg d]N;]d sd3jfNKof d'Kof sdw'/LXofd r]O{ tSrf]t\c\of

k|efj d'Kof .

hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfo ljsf; of]hgfaL ofs o's dg ljz]if pkfoXofd cjnDag Do"GKof Uof] .

ofso's pkfoXofd Dof]nVj|fDGof If]qkf] Vof]n]ª ;d'bfo dg ljz]if pkfoXofd Do ;d'x k|lt

nlIft Uof]g' Dof rO{ :yfgLo kl/k|]IfaL hf]lvdk"0f{ cof:Tofg'd Uof] . ;fd'bflos ;d'x ljz]if

Do';f dUof]Kof d]N;]d dg hf]lvdk"0f{ cflbaf;LXofd cg'bfg dg ;Lk ljsf; tflnd Xofd

ns ;xfotf lag' Dofns cdXofdc\of VofKrL ?kaL Aojxfl/s dg cnf;f]dkf]

sdfO{ /f]huf/L Yof]Gof RofKof SofdGjfdXofd d] x]ËM a:t'efp, u]OGof, s[lif, lzNksnf,

y'Gofd a]kf/ dg xf]ªfdkf] Sod Do'Gof If]qaL nfu]O 5'Gof RofTg' .

Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfkf] /0fgLltaL hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfo ;lxtkf] k|efljt x;

jf ;d'bfx£ofd Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] dDofdGo'Kof cFuof] ?kgL lnPO dGKof Uof] . Tof /0fgLltc\of

d'Votof -s_ ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfkf] SofdGjogjL k|efljt x;÷hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfokf]

k|ltlglwTj, -v_ ph'/L dg lsGofXofd ldn]O{Do'Gof ph'/L lªdGof d åGb ldn]ODo'Gof k|0ffnL,

dg, -u_ SofdGjogkf] qmdaL Xof]Gof RofKof ;jfn d'2f ;Daf]wgkf] nflu cg'udg dg

d"NofÍg ljlw k/]O5'g' . Dof]nVj|fDGof cofcflbaf;L d hf]lvdk"0f{ ;d'bfoc\of Sof]GofRofKof

kmfobf dg cj;/Xofd Ejf/ dGof cjwf/0ffXofd cjnDag Do'Tg'd Uof] .

*= :jf:Yo dg ;'/Iffkf] pkfoXofd

*=! Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] :jf:yo dg ;'/Iffkf] pkfoXofd Dof]nVj|fDGofkf] :jf:Yo, ;]=O;f Dof]nVj|fDGof

SofdGjog cjlwaL To; IfqaL t'jf !) z}ofkf] c:ktfn ag]ODog' . Dof kf] ;fy}

3|ofO{ldssd dg afFw If]qaL yk t'–t' j6f :jf:Yo rf}sLkf] rfrf] ;d]t 5' . Dof kf] ;fy}

ag]Ox'ldd ;f]d SofdDo"KofXofdkf] rx]O5'SKof :jf:Yo pkrf/kf] rfrf] 7]s]bf/ ptfk~ofª

Do'Gof dO{Kof Uof] .

9

SofdDo"KofXofd :jf:Yo dg ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL 1fg ljGofkf] nflu vfnvfnkf] r]tgf laKof

SofdGjfdXofd Do'Gof dOTo' . Dofkf] afx]s SofDo'KofXofd lzlj/ TofDofkf] ;/;kmfO{aL ljz]if

Wofg lag' .

d];fË Dof]nVj|fDGo lgdf{0fkf] qmdjL 5'GofRofKof b'3{6gfx\ofd £ofgaL Tof];f Dofkf] Go"lgs/0f

Do'Gof ;'/Iffkf] pRr:t/Lo dfkb08 cjnDag Dofg' .

*=@= x;kf] :jf:Yo ;DaGwL pkfoXofd M– hg:jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;'ljwfXofd lj:tf/ dg em]ËKof

Do'Gof Dof]nVa|fDof x]a]nf]of] k|ltj4 /x]O5' . ToË l;nl;nfaL lgdf{0f 5'SKof c:ktfn

dg :jf:Yo rf}sLns To If]qkf] 6fs6's x; ;d]t nfeflGjt 5'g' . Dofkf] afx]s lgdf{0f

cjlwe/ DofaLd'Kof x;Xofdkf] :jf:Yokf] dWogh/ Tof]tf] vfnvfnkf] :jf:Yo lzlj/

dg :jf:Yo dg ;/;kmfO{ ;DaGwL ;r]tgfd'ns SofdGjfdXofd ;Grfng5' . dg Dof]nVa|fDof

lgdf{0fcnf ;DalGwt ;+/rgf :yfgLo ;d'bfokf]Ë Joj:yfkgaL ;+rfng / Do'Gof Do';f ljGof

5' .

!= kmfObf ;fem]bf/Lkf] pkfoXofd

(=! k'g{jf; dg k'g{:yfkgf Sofd Tof Dof]nVa|fDofns c\of]Xof]dof] kl/jf/ k'g{jf; Do'Gof dd{OKof

TjfO{ . d] x]ª Vof]n]]Ë !# sdw'/Lof] p, b' kf] ltaL c+z Iflt 5'lddc\of ubf{ Dof !#

sdw'/LXofdkf] dWogh/ Tof];f cdXofkf] Iflt 5'SKof p, b' . v]ltkflt ;Ëlj?jf Xofdkf]

plrt Ifltk"lt{ lag' ;fy} Dof]nVa|fDofns tSRof]K~of k|efljt sdw'/Lkf] x;Xofd vfnvfnkf]

sd]ODo'Gof wDKof ;Lk dg tflnd laGofkf] ;fy} Sofda]GoofaL k|fyldstf lag' .

(=@ Dof]nVa|fDGof :t/Lo pkfoXofd

Dof]nVa|fDGofns tSrof]T~of k|efljt sdw'/LXofd Ifltk"lt{ ljGofkf] cltl/Qm Dof]nVa|fDGof

k|efljt uflj;XofdjL ;fdflhs ljsf; dg k"jf{wf/ ag]ODo'Gofkf] SofdXofd d] x]Ë M Nofd,

Hof]gs'kf] >f]t, k/]Odl:;Sb], :jf:Yorf}sL, cflbkf] :t/ pGgtLns Do If]qkf] x;Xofdkf]

hLjgofkgaL ;'wf/ Xof]Tg' .

(=# Joj;foLs, ;fdflhs, pQ/bflo SofdGjfd Tof Dof]nVa|fDGof sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8kf] .

Joj;foLs ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj gLltcg';f/ Joj;foLs yË dg dfGotf Xofd

Ejf/dOtf] ;fdflhs dg jftfj/0fLo lhDd]jfl/Xofd axg Dofg' . Dof]nVa|fDGof~of ljz]if u/L

dfgj clwsf/, ;zlQms/0f ;fdflhs Gofo VjflK;Ko ;fdflhs ljsf; kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng

cfocfh{g Ejf/dGof dg hLjgofkg ;'wf/, RofDGofXofDkf] ljsf;, k|sf]k dg hf]lvd

bf]VjfODo'Gof . Joj:yfkg x]ªldd vfnvfNkf] SofdGjfdXofd ;Grfng Dof . Tofc\of

10

Joj;foXofdkf] gfkmfkf] sf]nf]ª hgpQ/bfoL Do'Gof ;xof]u Do';f Dof]nVa|fDGofXofd

yk ;fdflhs dg jftfj/0fLo ?kaL lhDd]jf/Do';f Dof]nVa|fDGof dg DojL d'Kof x; Xofd

aL ;f}xfb{k"0f{ ;DaGw ag]ODo .

(=$ :yfgLo ljsf;jL ;xof]u M

Tof Dof]nVa|fDGof~of Yo'STo'd vfnvfnkf] SofdGjfd dg k"jf{wf/ ag]ODo'Gof~of

Dof]nVa|fDGof :yn TofDofkf] ;fdflhs VoflKr ljsf;aL 3\jfNKof 6]jf aL . Tof ;Gbe{aL

Dof]nVa|fDGof~of :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf Xofdsf]nf] wD;f ªjflN;Kof dg ;xeflutfd'ns

ljsf;aL hf]8 aL ;fy} 3|ofOlsd P]g x]Ë ;DalGwt lhNnf dg :yfgLo ljsfoc\of yf]ldd

/fhZj~of Dof If]qkf] 6fs6's ljsf;aL 3jfNKof ;xof]u of]Gofkf] ;fy} 6fs6's b]zkf]ª

ljsf;aL of]ubfg laKof ljZjf; Do'GKof Uof] .

!)= cGt{lqmof dg ;"rgf /0fgLlt

Tof Dof]nVa|fDGof~of ;/f]sf/jfnf Xofdsf]nf]kf] lg/Gt/ cGt/lqmofkf] dxTjk"0f{ :yfg ljGKof

Uof] . vf;u/L Dof]nVa|fDGofc\of k|efj bf]VofO{Do'Gof dg nfeof]Gof dg Gofof]lrt ljt/0fkf]

pkfoXofd lgwf{/0f Dofc\ofnf] Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] ;fdflhs k|efj cWoog6f]n

c\of;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnf sf]nf];fsb]nfË dg ax'klIfo 5nkmn Do'To'd uf]Kof . Dofkf]

cfwf/jL Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] ;fdflhs k|efj bf]VjfO{Do'Gofkf] pkfoXofd dg ljsf; lgdf{0fkf]

SofdGjfdXofd lgwf{/0f Do'GKof Uof] .

d] ;fª Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] ;"rgf /0fgLlt ;/f]sf/jfnf dg k|efljt ;d'bfoXofd 3f]n] ~ofO;f

3f]n] Xof]dGof :jtGq dg klxn]ª hfgsf/Lkf] cjwf/0ffns y'g' . ;/f]sf/jfnfkf] p2]ZGof,

pXof]Gofkf] ljlw,r':t ;"rgf ;fdfg /f]Gof dg cnf;f]d hfgsf/L k|jfx dg ;]ODo'Gof

x]ªldd;"rgf /0fgLlt /f]Ë;f ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]nf] cnf;f]d h]GofXjfO{ dO{ No"Gofkf] ;+oGq :yfkgf

5' .

!!= SofdGjog Joj:yf M

Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] cflwsfl/stf sfj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8aL Uof]ldd~of ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfaL

Uof]Kof 6fs6's Joj:yfkgkf] lhDdf Tofc\ofª Nof]Ao' .

!!=! ;+:yfut Joj:yf

afj]nL OghL{ lnld6]8~of Tof sfa]nL …PÚ s'3|ofOlsd Dof]nVa|fDGofkf] ;dflhs Sofd of]hgf

k|ltj]bg SofdGjfog Do'Gofkf] nflu s]Gb|Lo dg Dof]nVa|fDGof :t/jL Do';f vfnvfnkf] Joj:yf

Dof . s]Gb|Lo :t/jL sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8kf] Joj:yfkg 6fs6'saL Dof]nVa|fDGof y'Gof,

rx]O5'SKof VoflKr ljlgof]hg dg Tofkf] SofdGjfogkf] cg'udg dg ;'k/Lj]If0f Do'Gof

11

lhDd]jf/ 5' . d];fª Dof]nVa|fDGof :t/jL aofF lgwf{/0f dg d'cfAhf ;ldlt~of aofF of]Gof dg

d'cfAhf ;DaGwL SofdXofd Dof . ;fy} ;fd'bflos dg jftfj/0fLo of]hgfdg SofdGjfd

Yof]Gof dg x]j]nf]of] cg'udgkf] nflu rx]O5'SKof xsNofdsf]nf]d sfj]nL …PÚ ;fd'bflos dg

jftfj/0fLo ljsf; OsfO{ dg :yfglo ;'emfj dg dfu{ lgb]{zgkf] nflu k|efljt If]qkf]

k|ltlglw ;d]tkf] pGv/ Uof]KofjL ;fd'bflos ;NnfljKof ;ldlt sf]nf]d vfnvfnkf] ;+:yfut

;+/rgfXofd Uof]g' .

!!=@ ph'/L dg u'gf;f]Xofd ;Daf]wg d'Nof tl/sf

sfa]nL OghL{ lnld6]8~of Tof sfa]nL …PÚ O3|ofO{b] cfof]hgfkf] y'Gofkf] SofdaL cfof]hgfns

tSrf]T~of k|efljt sdw'/L dg k|efljt ;d'bfokf] ph'/L dg u'gf;f] ;Daf]wg Do'Gof

s]Gb|Lo :t/jL t'af pRr:t/Lo u'gf;f] ;Daf]wg ;ldltkf] Joj:yf Uof . d];fª cfof]hgf :t/aL

ph'/L dg u'gf;f] ldn]ODo"Gofkf] nflu t' hgf clws[lt :t/kf] sofdDo"Kokf] Joj:yf Dofg" .

Dof Joj:yfns cfof]hgfkf] sf/0f tSrf]c\of k|efljt sdw'/L dg k|efljt ;fd'bfo~of tfkf]

ph'/L dg u'gf;f] cfof]hgfkf] s]Gb|Lo Joj:yfkg Tof]Gof Yof]g' dg s]Gb|Lo Joj:yfkg~of

y'Stf]Ë Uof]Kof sfg'g cg';f/ :jtGq dg :o'kf]of] kIf dDk'|;f ªLdGofkf] Joj:yf Dof .

!@= cg'udg ;'k/LIf0f dg d"NofÍg

Dof]nVa|fDGof kf] ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf SofdGjfogkf] x]a]nf]of] cg'udg ;'k/Lj]If0f dg

d"NofÍgkf] nflu p3f]a'd dg pt'o'd cg'udg ;+/rgfkf] Joj:yf Do'GKof Uof] . cfof]hgfkf]

cfjlws k|ult dg ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgfjL Tofg'd x]Ë;fË ;Dkfbg Do"GofdOJof ;fdflhs

dg jftfj/0fLo SofdXofDkf] cg'udg ;'k/Lj]If0f dg d"NofÍg puf]o'd ?kjL sfj]nL

OghL{ lnld6]8 cGtu{t sfa]nL …PÚ ;fd'bflos dg jftfj/0fLo ljsf; OsfO~of

x]a]nf]of]kf] ?kjL Dof . Dof x]ª g]kfn ;/sf/ phf{ dGqfno~of tf]sODo'Tofd :jtGq ;+:yf jf

X;~of cg'udg ;'k/Lj]If0f d d"NofÍg ;DaGwL Sofd Dof . d];fcfpt' ;+:yf jf x;\~of

cfof]hgfns tSrf]T~of k|efljt ;/f]sf/jfnfXofd ;dojL Ifltk"lt{ dg k"g{:yfkgf ;xfotf

pknAw Do'Kg' . Do'Do'Aog' dg ph'/L dg u'gf;f] tfls{s dg Gof;+ut tl/sf~of ;Daf]wg

DofTof, dDo'GKof af/]aL ;d]t hfgsf/L Tof . Dofkf] cltl/Qm ljZj a}+skf] jftfj/0fLo d'NofÍg

dg cflbjfl;of] c:j}lR5s k'g{jf; ;DaGwL gLlt cg';f/ cfof]hgfXofd dxTjk"0f{ ljifoaL

rx]O5'SKof k/fdz{ laGofkf] nflu ;dfhzf:qL X;zf:qL dg jftfj/0f ljb\of] d"Kof t'

sf]SKof ;ldlt Dofg' cfof]hgf~of ;fdflhs Sofd of]hgf ;g\ @)!$ kf] cGTo;f]daL

SofdGjog Do"g:of]Go nIo lnoOdGof Uof] .

$=@= h}ljs jftfj/0f

12

$=@=!= cfof]hgfkf] ao g]kfn ;/sf/ns clwsfl/s ?kjL 3f]lift h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f aokf]

pt'y dTTo" .

$=@=@= sfj]nL hnljB't cfof]hgfkf] ;+/rgfx\ofd\ Gjfd\j'ª g]kfnkf] GjfDco O/JNofªlsd aoscf

ltAjjL e'mª No'Sb]jL Uof] . GjfD~o OVofnofOlsd aoaL Uof]Ko ;ª\ ;fn, s/d, af]63o/f],

;fh, x/f]{ Uof]g' . d];fª ltAtLaL e'mª No'Sb] aojL 3f]n] Yof]lsd\ ;ª\x\ofDaL of;', don, cu/

Uof]g' . SofDr]Gx\jfOEo vfxOJo aoaL !^* x\ofd\ v|G/]GKo Uof] . Tox\ofd\dWo] ^! w]s;' @@

ofSl;;ª w]S;', ^@ 3f;kmf], !% nx/f;ª, @ lnr]G;, $ r]pdg @ OlkkmfO6Ls ;ªx\ofd\

Uof]g' .

$=@=#= sfj]nL sjkL emkyfd\ lsgf/jL Uof]Ko x]8jS;{ dg x+8kf}08 tfKn]h'ª lhNnfkf] y]rDj' b]n

ljsf; ;ldltaL ;d'bfo~o Do'GHo"Tg';\ /fli6«o y'Gofd\aL Uof] dg sfj]nL sjkf] k]ªyfd\

lsgf/jL Uof]Ko x]8jS;{ dg x]8kf}08 kfFry/ lhNnfkf] cd/k'/b]n ljsf; ;ldltof] sfj]nL

uhL{t] b]NGof;kf] y'Gofd\ dg £jfNkf 3';]gL b]NJof:kf] y'Gofd\ aL k/]O5'SKo Uof] .

$=@=$=;fn, 3|'S;'m s]DofGbLsL, Ejfdx\ofd\ dg sg;L g]kfn ;/sf/ -jg P]g !((#_, cfO o" Pg kf]

xnnfd\ lstfj dg ;fOl6S; PgS;kf] ‰ofGVjfKKo dg u ]OGodxOKojL k/]O5' .

$=@=%=cfof]hgf aokf] sdw'/Lx\ofd\ Do"GHof]Gokf] nflu HoSjfO{ aO3|f]t u]OGox]ªldd Uof]vf]ª\Ko v]tL

k|0ffnLjL d'g' . ls;fg x\ofd\ paL HoSjfO{ of Edg' dg nf:Vjfk\ n'h, wf]r]/, l;dnsL dg

3f]n] vfNkf] bfm SjfO;fª dg tf]/L of Dog' . d];fª wfDsd'ns ;OKo' o'Gofd\ kmnkm"n dg

3fF;kmf] ;ª NofOJo w]S;'x\ofd\ bf]VjfO{ of Do'Tg'd\ Uof] Do sd\aL ª y'Sg' .

$=@=^= aoAof;\ aF;fO{;/fOkf] ;doscf s[lif Do"Go GoKo pkm]xO Tofd~o Tolad\ y'Gofd\xofd\

kftnf] Uof]g' . w]S;'xofd\ x; dd'Sb] dg HoSjfO{ ofDo"Go dGo'TooL tª Uof]g' . gldkg

dxOJo pkTosf arjL ;fª w]S;'x=ofd\ 3f]n] nDJo Uof]g' dg blIf0f y xlS;To /f] dg sf]/f]

aoaL km]xOvKo dg kftnf] Uof]g' . Tolad\ y'Gofd\ aoaL WjfNkf hgfj/x\ofDof] w]To{ d'Sb]

d'Uof] dg ToaL h}ljs ljljwtf of] Do'Uof] .

$=@=&= joJof;\ cfof]hgf aojL x;\x\ofDkf] hg;+Vofkf] :jfGg{ dg s[lif kf] EjfGo{~o y'Gofd\ km]x\OTo

Uof] . DoEo b\o't jOKo hgfj/x\ofd\ bf]VjfO tª d'g' . cfof]hgfEo vfOJKo uf=lj=;=jL Vof]n]

@@ k|hfltkf] b\o'taOKo hgfj/x\ofd\ Yof]lsd\ a|f Uof] . d];fª #* k|hfltkf] ;Nk'x\ofd\ dg !#

k|hfltkf] yx\Ol;Ko hLjx\ofd\ of] Wof]ls ~ofGg' . hfgsf/L laGTo b\o't\ hLjx\ofddWo] (

k|hftLkf] g]kfn ;/sf/ cfO o"=l;=Pgkf] xnfnd\ a's dg ;fOl6; Pk]l08l;;\kf] u]OJo

dfGotfjL k/]O5' . t]km]d\ u]KTo dfGotfaL t'of]ª ;Nk'dg yxOl;To hLjx\ofd\ d'dTg' .

13

$=@=*=sfj]nL sjjL Vof]n] #! k|hfltkf] ª\of]x\ofd\ /]Gv|GYo Uof] dg jf]ªfd\ !@ k|hflt gd'gf ;e]{jL

VjfDJo Uof] . To #! h|hftLkf] ªof]x\ofDjL $ k|hfltkf] ª\of]x\ofd\ -;/x, uf]Gr, /fhjfd_

;f]ª\To b'/L ;f]Daf] Tof–Dof Do"KoaL k/]O5'g', $ k|hfltkf] ªof]x\ofd\ -sTn], r'Rr], c;nf_

dWod b'/L ;f]Djf] Tof–Dof Do'LoaL k/]O5'g' . jf]ªfd\ @# k|hfltkf] ª\of]x\ofd\ Dofljª d[ToaL

k/]O5'g' .

$=@=(= sfj]nL sjkf] gd"gf VofDKo -;'?k'_ # aogL $ -Eofn\_ k|sf/kf] sfO6f]KnfË6g % -Eof]ª_

k|sf/kf] h'KnfË6g Yof]GKo Uof] .

$=#= ;fdflhs–cfly{s dg ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f

$=#=!= cfof]hgf~o /\jfOKo b]n ljsf; ;ldltxofd\kf] hg;+Vof @!,)*( Uof] DoaL !),!$( Nof:Kof]

-$*=!) k|ltzt_ dg !)($^ d]N;]d -%!=** k|ltzt_ Uof]g' dg cf};t sdw'/Lkf] xjfnGo

%=$$ Uof] . ckd/k'/ b]n ljsf; ;ldltjL Vof]n]s 3f]n] hg;+Vof &&$# Uof] dgDogcf

k~rdL -%%^(*_, gfªvf]Nofª -$)!%_ dg y]rDj' -#&&@_ kf] hg;+Vof Uof] .

$=#=@= cfof]hgf~o /\jfO\Ko uf=lj=;=x\ofd\dWo] gfªvf]Nofª uf=lj=;=jL cflbjf;L / hghflt -

&#=*$_ k|ltzt 3f]n] d'g' . Vof]n] hg;Vofkf] %) k|ltzt ~ofO;f 3f]n]~o g]kfnL a|f h]g' .

s]lGb|o tYof+s ljeu @)!! cg'f;/ cfo]hgfs ~o vOKo uf=lj=;=kf] hg;+VofKo ;Sk'

WjfNKo wd{ dfg]ODk'g' . Do t]km]d\ Uof]– lxGb' -%#=)^ k|ltzt_, ls/fFt -#^=)% k|ltzt_ dg

af}4 –(.%@ k|ltzt_ .

$=#=#=cfof]hgf~o /\jfOKo uf=lj=;=jL ^ -/f_ of] b'ªsf pvf]To"d\, d]N;]d\ dg Nof:Kof] /]Go dg h]GGo

sf]SKo qmdzM %%=#) k|ltt dg $$=&) k|ltzt Uof] Do~o WjfNkf n}lu+s c;dfgtf ;]ODo .

$=#=$= cfof]hgf ~o /jfOKo ;d"bfo aL 3f]n] d'To ;d"xx\ofd\ /ofO{, lnDj', tdfª, g]jf/ dg dfemL

d'g' . TojL IfLg pk:jf:y rf}sL dg :jf:Yo rf}sL~of :jf:Jo ;'ljwfx\ofd\ latf]Ë d"g" .

;/;kmfO{kf] ;'ljwf of]ª bf]Vv] d'Uof] . ~of]x\of]dof] Joj:yfGo"GTof HjfGofs'kf] ;'ljwfx\ofd\

ljBdfg d"Uof]g" .

$=#=%= cfof]hgf k|efljt ;d'bfo TofDof k|fylds, dfWolds dg pRr dfWolds /S]b]Vjfd\x\ofd\

x]ªldd\ z}lIfs ;+:yfg x\ofd\ Uof]Kof vf]of]ª Tofx\ofdaL k':tsfno, r]Dl;Sb] pB]d, pko'Qm

ejg, sIff sf]7f dg z}lIfs ;dfg x]ªldË ;'ljwfx\ofdkf] sdL Uof] .

$=#=^= cfof]hgf If]qXofd 3b] y'Db] ;8s~of @@ jif{ k}nsf hf]/]ODo"Tofd\ Uof] . Tof If]qjL g]kfn

b'?;+rf/ ;+:yfgkf] l;=8L=Pd P dg Pg ;]n df]jfO{nkf] ;]jfx\ofd~of ;+rf/kf] ;'ljwf x\ofd

ljtf]{Ë d'g' .

14

$=#=&= cof]hgf If]q~of /fli6«o k|zf/0f nfOgkf] 3|ofOlsd\ d£of]Ë d" df]vf]of]Ë rf sdw"/Lx\ofd=~of

3|ofOb] 3|ofGof k|of]hgkf] nflu Gjfd kftf hf]/]O Do"Tg"d Uof] . d/L3f]n] sdw'/Lx\ofd\~of

3'|ofOb] 3|ofGof k|of]hgkf] nflu d§L6]n Gof]Ëg" . Vof]n]Ëhftdg y/kf] sdw'/Lx\ofd~of ;Ëo"

vlKsd\ k|d"v phf{kf] ?kjL ¥of]Ëg' .

$=#=*= cfof]hg If]qkf] k|d'v ahf/ s]Gb|x\ofd\ cd/k'/ uf=lj=;=kf] sfjnL l;+ufk'/ dg efg'rf]s :of]

$=#=(= ;j]{If0f Do"GKof sdw"l/x\ofd -$^ sdw"l/x\ofd_ kf] Vof]n]Ë hg;+Vof #^#-%!.@$Ü Nof:Kof]

dg $@=&^Ü d]N;]d\_ dg cf}ift sdw'/Lkf] cfsf/ &=@( Uof] . /f/f ^$=$^Ü hg;+Vof

cflw{s?kaL d'g'dg 3f]n]h;f] s[lifjL d'g' . $#=$*Ü Hof]Goft"Gofkf] nflu k"0f{t s[lifaL

cfwfl/t dg PO{Kof sdw'l/x\ofd\ s[lif sf]nf]Ë xf]ªfd SofdXofdaL d]x]Ë pt' VjfGof,

xf]ªfd\kf] Sofd Do"Gof, dg h]nfljSofd Do"GofjL d'g' .

%= ljsNkx\ofd\kf] ljZn]if0f M–

%=!=cfof]hgf dDo";f ljsNkx\ofd\ 3fGTof d"Uof] . dfª\s]eg] Tofcof gË b]zkf] y]nf]d\ phf{ ;+s6–

n]8;]l9Ë_ ª a9f]Q/L Do"Go RofJo" g cfof]hgf lgdf{0f If]qkf] :yfgLo d"Lofx\ofdkf] ljsf;

pT;'stf x\ofd\ d2t Dof .

%=@= 3|ofOlsd zlQmkf] xf]ªfd\ ljsNkx\ofd c3|fGKof Uof] dfËs] eg] s'3|ofOlsd\ b]zjL k|r'/

dfqfjL Uof]Kof glSs/0fLo phf{kf] >f]t :of] . hjsL xf]ªfd ljsNkx\ofd~of phf{ ljsf;kf]

nflu vfnvfnkf] k|fljlws dg k'g{efjL ljlQo ef/kf] ;fdgf Do"Gof dO{Kof 5' .

%=#= cfof]hgf :ynkf] ljsNkXofd\ ljGKof ef}uf]lns ;d;+Vofx\ofd\ sf]nf] d"Nof+sg Do"GKof uf]Tof .

jftfj/0fLo dg cfly{s b[li6sf]0f~of k|:tfljt:yn dg l8hfOgkf] ljsNkx dfg]O{Do"GKof Uof]

.

^= jftfj/0f k|efj dg bf]VofO{d"Gof M

^=!= Ko"Gofd If]qjL k/]{O 5'SKof cfof]hgf :ynkf] tof/Lkf] nflu ?=%@@*@(# ahf/ d"Nof+x]Ë

3f]n]kf] @)) j6f ;Ëcfsf/of] dg !%# j:t'x\ofdkf] pGd'Sb] jf; 5'Gofkf] ;fy} y'Gofdkf]

k}bfj/ dg ;]jfx\ofDkf] of]ª Iflt 5' df]nf] Yo"Gofd g]tf]{ VjfGof~of k|:tfljt k|efj bf]VjfO{

dlD;GTof Uof] d];fª cfof]hgf lgdf{ofkf] SofdGo" Kofx\ofdns 5'Gof RofJo"d\ ;Ëkf]–¥of]Gof,

u}/;Ë y'Gofd k}bfj/kf] pg\¥of]Goff, Go"Gofd lhj5\ofd v]Gof–;]Gof x]Ëldd\ of]ª jftfj/0fLo

rf;f]kf] ljifo :of] .

t]km]g k|efjx\ofd\ bf]VjfO{ Do"Gof vfnvfnkf] bf]VjfO{Do"DSb]x\ofd kf] pkfox\ofd\ SofdGjfog

5'g' . d] x]Ë y'Gofd lgb]{lzsf -@))^_ x]Ë lj?jf of 5', cfof]hgf~of–ofxTofd y"Gofd If]qkf]

ef8f Rjf;{ Ifltk"lt{ ljg", cfof]hgfdkf] lj?jfx\ofd Rjf;{ /O{Gof 5', k|efljt ;fd"bflos

15

y'Gofd pkef]Qmf ;d"x dg sjnotL y'Gofd\ pkef]Qmf ;d"xx\ofd\ k|fljlws dg VoflKr

;xof]u Dofg', :yfgLo x;Xofd\ cfof]hgfkf] /f]huf/Llj k|fyldstf ljg', cfof]hgfkf]

SofdDo"Kofx\ofd\ o" vDGofkf] nflu dl§6]n ljg' . lzlj/ :yfgLo u}/ sfli7o y'Gofd\ k}bfjf/

dg ª\of]kf] cGofjL dg VjfO{Do"Gof d'Yof]g' . pt' SofdDo"Kofx\ofd\ :yfgLo Go"GofdjL

b"n]O{Do'Gof d'Kof]g' .

^=@= ;fd"nflos dg sj'notL y'Gofd\ pkef]Qmf ;d"X~of ¥of]ËTofg"d qmdzM )## dg )=(&

x]S6/ y'Gofd Iflt~of pke]Qmfx\ofd\ tSrf]T~of k|efj Dofg" . Tof k|efjx\ofd\ bf]VjfO{ Do"Gof

k|efljt :yfgLo y'Gofd pkef]QmfXofd\ y'Gofd a9f]Q/Lkf] SofdGjfdkf] ;fy} kfFr jif{ x]Ëkf]

y'Gofd k}bfj/kf] Ifltk"lt{ lag" .

^=#= ;+rfng cjlwjL jfFw~of s'jLYof]lsd\ hLkofd\ ljg"d\ /f]sfj6 cfof]hgfkf] uDeL/ k|efj :of] .

d];fË sjkf] s' jfFw If]qkmn vGof{of]ª hnr/Lo kof{j/0f ;d:ofsf]nf] ;DjlGwt Uof] . dfªs]

eg] Tof~of sfj]nL lwkf] afFw If]qsf tdf]/ lwkf] ;Fud :yn;f]dkf] s'kf] dfqf bf]VjfO{ Dof .

Dofkf] jfx]s Tof~of jfFw if]q t'sy of]GKof ª\of]kf] k|hfltkf] vf]GofVjfGof of]ª lgif]w 5' .

Dofns ªof]of] ptL Do"Sb] :yndg ljlwjtf l;ldt 5 . Tof k|efjx\ofd\ bf]VjfO{ Do"Gof

vfnvfnkf] pkfox\ofdkf] Joj:yf 5' d] x]Ë jfFwkf] ;+/rgf ªof] eTofËkf] lgdf{0f 5', afF3ns

sjnL bf]VjfOjL dfl;s k|jfXof] !)Ü s' / jftfj/0fLo k|efXof] nflu n]:ofg\ .

^=$= Dof jfx]s s"Yof]Sb]jL s'kf] kf]v/L ag]O{5'Gof, lsgf/f ef;]O{5'Gof, sjkf] s'kf] u'0f:t/

km]/O{5'Gof, o"6«f]lks];gkf] ;d:of 5'Gof, ofSsL xjfp km]/O{5'Gof cfof]hgfkf] ;fk]lIfKt ?kjL

bf]VjfO{ pNn]vlgo k|efjx\ofd :kf] . df]vf]of]ª Tof k|efjx\ofd kf] nflu vfnvfnkf]

pkfox\ofd\ d] x]Ë sjns Pnu]n Dof6 x6]O{Do"Gof, sjkf] lsgf/f ;+/If0f Do"Gof, sjkf]

lxjf68{ If]qjL ªof] ;]Gof dYof]Gof x]ªldd SofdGjog 5' .

^=%= pNo"lKkmlad b{hfkf] jftfj/0fLo kIfXofd\ d] x]Ëjokf] u|x0fns k/]O5'SKof k|efj, jokf]

/f]GofjL 5'SKof k|efj Tof]s dg eFuejL 5'SKof k|efj n'ËvfgL dgKof]s kmOb] If]q y"Gofdns

5'SKof e"–Ifodg jokf] cl:y/tf x]ªldd\ ;d:ofx\ofd\ snd sf]nf]Ë Uof]Kof k|fs[lts sj–

vf]N;f dg lgdf{0f 5'SKof ;+/rgfx\ofdjL k/]O5'SKof k|efjx\ofd\ns cfof]hgf If]qjL dWod

dg lgDg k|sf/kf] k|efj 5'g' . Tof k|efjx\ofd\ bf]VjfO{Do"Gof vfnfvfnkf] pkfox\ofdkf]

SofdGjog 5' . d] x]Ë ahf/ d"Nox]Ëkf] jokf] Ifltk"lt{ ljg', lgoGqLt tj/~of n'Ë vfgLkf]

;+rfng 5' . # ld~ofO{; /]Kof /O{Kof pvf]t\vf]t\ l;len dg jfof]OlGhlgol/Ë ns ;+/If0f

5'SKof 5' . k|efljt k|fs[lts sa vf]N;fx\ofdaL s"kf] k|jfPkf] Joj:yf 5' . k|efljt

;+/rgfx\ofd\ 7Ls Ifltk"lt{ ljg" .

16

^=^+ lgdf{0fsfnjL xjf dg s'kf] u'0f:t/dg x\jfO{kf] :t/ km]/O{5'Kof, snd Wof]lsnf] NofO{Kof

dskf] k|jGw d"lsnf] jofkf] k|b"if0f dg e"Ifo 5'SKof x]ªldd\ xf]Ëfd\ jftfj/0fLo kIfx\ofdns

cfof]hgf IfqjL lgDg dWod dg pRr k|efjx\ofd\ k/]O5'g' . Tof k|efjx\ofd\ bf]VjfO{ Do";f

rx]O5'SKof :t/jL x\jfGofkf] nflu vfnvfnkf] pkfoXofdkf] SofdGj]og 5' . Tof k|sf/kf]

Uof]g" s' km]Tg", lj;d ;dojL WjgLsf/s SofdGjfdx\ofdkf] k|of]u d"Dofg", lzlj/dg lgdf{0f

:ynjL kmf]/ Jj:yfkg k|0ffln :yflkt Dofg" . kmf]/s" 7Ls k|zf]wg Do":oftª n]:ofg" .

^=&= cfof]hgfns x'STfo /f/f &=^&* x]S6/ jo :yfoL clwu|x0f~of !# sdw"/Lx\ofd\ tSrf]T~of

?kaL k|efj Dof . df]nf] cfof]hgfns 5'SKof jokf] :yfoL cl3 u|x0f~of t'kf] sdw'/L ef}lts

dg VoflKrkf] ?kjL :yfgfGt/ d'Dof . k|efljt x\ofd\ jo clwu|x0f Do"gof Nofn\ª Ifltk"lt{

dg k'g{:yfkgfkf] Kofs]h ljg' Do rO{ cfk;L k/fdz{ dg /fdembf/LjL cfwfl/t 5'g' .

^=*= cfof]hgf~of lgdf{0fsfnkf] nflu c:yfoL ?kjL /f/f (=#! x]S6/ v]tLof]Uo pb'\~of x\To" . Dof

p b' ef8fjL lnoO{dGof Sofdkf] lhDd]jf/ cfof]hgfkf] 7]s]bf/kf] 5' Dof rO{ pBgLsf]nf]

5'SKof cfk;L k/fdz{ dg ;dembf/Llj cfwfl/t 5' .

^=(= sfj]nL lwkf] jxfj km]/O{5'Gof~of ubf{ d+l;/sf c;f/ d}gf;f]d jfFwkf] o'Sofd IF]qkf] /f/f $=^

ls=dL=wL If]qjL s' jL sdL x\of]ldd\ x'bfF ª\of]x\ofd\ c;/Do"Gof ;S5 . :yfgLo

;d'bfox\dsf]nf]d 5nkmn c'g;f/ To bf]VjfO{ jxft 5'SJof If]qjL Joj;foLs ?kjL ªof]

;]O{Kof x;x\ofd\ d'd'g' dg x;\£of\d~of ;do–;dojL t˪\of] ;]Gt' . Tof o'Ssfd If]qjL

Uof]Kof ;d"bfox\ofd\ Hof]Goft'Gof kf] nflu d'Gof bIftf ljGof Do"Gokf] ;fy} wf]ËKof df};daL

cfof]hgfkf] hnfzL ªof] ;]Gof ljg' .

^=!)= sjkf] s'kf] k|jfx kf]VjfO{ 5'S;f jf cfof]hgfkf] ;+/rgf x\ofdkf] :yfkgfns k|efljt

dlGb/dg 3f6\x\ofd\ k'g{:yfkgf Do"Gofkf] ;fy} s' Joj:yfkg~of sfod Dof .

^=!!= :yfgLo ;+/rgfx\ofd\, ;'ljwfx\ofd dg cflbjf;L hghftLx\ofd\ 6]jf lj;f cfof]hgfkf] k|efj

bf]VofO{ Do"Gof dg :yfgLojf;Lkf] hLjgaL :t/Lo ;'wf/ XjfGof vfnvfnkf] jftfj/0fLo

jbf]Q/Lkf] SofdgjfdXofd nfu' 5'g' .

&= jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf

&=!= jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf~of cfof]hgfkf] Sofd[Gjfd\x=ofdkf] nflu k"j{ lgdf{0fsfn, dg

;+rfngsfnaL 5'SKof jftfj/0fLo cg'udgkf] cfwf/ /]lvo cg'df]bg dg k|efj cg'udg

;dfj]z Dofg" . cg'udgkf] nflu dfkg Do"Gof Rofl/sd\ ;"rs x\ofdkf] >]0fLkf] 5gf}6 Do"GKof

Uof] . dg ;fyjL cg'udg Do"GKof tl/sf]x\ofd cg'dugkf] af/Da/tf cg'udg Do"Go:yn dg

17

cg'udgkf] nflu lhDd]jf/ sfo{sf/Lx\ofd\ ;dfj]z Do"GTof Uof] dg ;fyjL cg'udgkf] nflu

rx]O{5'SKof nfut of]ª laGKof Uof] .

&=@= cfof]hgf k|efljtf If]qjL cfof]hgf lgdf{0f dg ;+rfngkf] jftfj/0fLo kIf pko'Qm lx;af~of

cfof]hgf b'Ë v;L{KofjL ;'lgRlrt Do"Gof sfj]nL P s'3|ofOsLd\ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkg,

k|fylds lhDd]jf/ ;+:yf Uof]ldd\~of Tof jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfkf] zt{kf];fSo Nofn

Tof]GKof d'Vo tTjx\ofd SofdGjog Dog", jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgfkf] ;fSjf k'/sx\ofd\

5''g'–jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg ultdfg SofdGjog Do"Kof c+u .

&=#= cfof]hgf jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg SofdGjfdX\ofd\ o'Ssfd lzif{s XofDjL lj:Tff/Lt ?kjL

;dfj]z Do"GKof Uof]–cg'dtL dg :jLs[t of]hgf jftfj/0fLo tflnd of]hgf k'g/jf; dg

k'g:yfkgf of]hgf lgdf{0f lzlj/ dg 6«flkms Joj:yfkg of]hgf, k|b'if0f bf]VofO{Do"Gof of]hgf,

hldgL kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf, hnrl/o kof{j/0f Joj:yfkg of]hgf, e"–Ifo

bf]VjfO{Do"Gof dg sdf :KjfO{n Joj:hfkgf of]hgf, hg:jf:Yo dg Joj;foLs ;'/Iff

Joj:yfkg of]jhgf, tSrf]T~ofd\ Joj:yfkg of]hgf dg k'g:yf{kgf of]hgf . t'Sfd of]hgfjL

tof]GTof tTjx\ofd\ zt{kf];fy cfo]hgfkf] b'Ërqm sf]nf]Ë VjfGg' .

&=$= g]kfnL jftfj/0fLo ;+/If0f gLodfjnL cg';f/ cfof]hgfkf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgkf] bfloTj

k|P:tfjskf] 5' . l8hfOg Do"GKof cg'udgkf] of]hgfx\ofd\ dg jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg

of]hgfx\ofd\, ;/f]sf/jfnfjL plrt l/t~of ;'lglZrt SofdGjog, cg'udg, d"Nofsg, ;'–

;'lrt Do";f k|ltlqmof lnOOdGo dg ;'wf/ Do"gof sfj]nL P O3|ofO{lsd\ cfof]hgf dgkL Pd

cf] ~of cnu jftfj/0f dg ;d'bfo ljsf; PsfOkf] :yfkgf Dof .

k|:tfljt jftfj/0f dg ;d'bfoo ljsf; OsfO{ kf] d'Vo u/L rf/j6f Sofd\x\ofd=\ 5'g'

. k}nf] To~of k|efljt kIfxofd\kf] jodg ;DktLkf] clwu|x0f, k'g{jf;dg k'g{:yfkgfkf]

SofdGjog dg Sofd ljikfbg Dog" . t]>f]jL To~of cfof]hgfkf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx DofdaL

;"rgf k|rfl/t Do"Gofkf] ;fy} vfnvfnkf] lgsfox\ofd\ ;+of]lht Dofg' . rf}yf]jL To~of

jftfj/0fLo dg ;fdflhs pkfox\ofd\ dg Tofkf] Sofx\ofdkf] cg'udg Dog' . h'g

jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf dg jftfj/0fLo cg'udg of]hgf x]ªª5' .

&=%= cfof]hgfkf] jftfj/0f dg ;d"bfo ljsf; PsfO{kf] :yfkgf cfof]hgfkf] l;len lgdf{0f

Sofdkf] lg0f{o Do"Gof ~of:nf 5 d}gf NoDn ª Dofg' .

&=^= cfof]hgfjL ;+nUg vfnvfnkf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx=ofd d~of vfnvfnkf] ;+:yfx\ofdkf] k|ltlglwTj

Dog" . Do~oubf{ k/:k/Lo lgsfo ;dGjokf] h?/t 5' . sfj]nL P s'3|ofOPlsd\ cof]hgf

Joj:yfkg sfof{nokf] jftfj/0f dg ;d'bfo ljsf; PsfO{ k/:kl/of lgsfo ;dGjo Do"Kof

18

d'Vo lgsfo 5' . dfªs]sg] Dofb cfof]hgf :ynLgL ;"rgf k|rfl/t Do"GKof dg cfof]hgfkf]

;"rgf s]Gb| ;+rfng Do"Kof k|d'v Sofdkf] nflu lgo'Qm Do"GKof Uof] . :yfgLo

;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofd\ ljz]if u/L cfof]hgf k|efljt If]qkf] lhNnf b]n ljsf; ;ldltsf]nf]

;+jlGwt ;/f]sfvfnfx\ofdsf]nf] 5nkmnM Joj:yf Do"GKof jftfj/0f dg ;d"bfo ljsf; PsfO{

k|d'v lhDd]jf/ 5'g' . cfof]hgfkf] ultljwx\ofd\, k|ultx\ofd\ dg kIfx\ofdkf] d'Vo ;"rgf

ljGofkf] nflu jftfj/0f dg ;d"bfo ljsf; PsfO k|d'v~of sDtLjL ;fj, d}gfkf] ts k6s

k/:k/Lo ;dGjo 5nkmn x\jfO{dTo" Dof~o ;xefuLo ljlw ns ljjfb cflbkf] ;dfwfg Dofg'

. ;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofd~of ˆo"Sg"d rf;f]x \ofdkf] Sofdk|ult ;DjGwL ;'emfjx\ofd\ :yfgLo

;f/]sf/jfnx\ofd sf]nf] To 5nkmnjL kmflG;g" .

&=&= jftfj/0fdg ;d'bfo ljsf; PsfO~of lgdf{0fjL ;+nUg 7]s]bf/kf] Sofd cg'udg Dofdg

lådfl;s ?kjL lgdf{0f sfnjL cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/ Dofg' . jftfj/0f dg ;d"bfo ljsf;

PsfO{kf] k/fdz{bft[~of lgdf{0f sfnkf]jftfj/0f cg'ugdg k|ltj]bg lgdf{0f ;dfkgkf] # d}gf

3f]o" t'ËDof dg k|:tfjjL k]z Dof . k|:tfjs~of Dof k|ltj]bg ;/f]sf/jfnfx\ofd\ jL /fo

;'emfjkf] nflu k|:t't Dofg dg k|:tfjkf] jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg Sofdkf] 8f6fj]; cnf

/f]Gofkf]nflu ljg' .

&=*= sfj]nL P s'3|ofO{lsd cfof]hgfkf] jftfj/0fLo n]vf kl/If0f cfof]hgf g}Gof{kf] ;fs jif{cnf

z'? 5' . sfj]nL P s'3|ofO{lsd cfo]fhgf~of n]vf kl/if0fkf] nflu rx]O5'SKof k|jGw g]kfn

;/sf/ jf xf]ªfd= dgf]lgt n]vf kl/Ifsns Dofg' .