executive summary report - dedee-lib.dede.go.th/mm-data/bib15440executivesummaryreport.pdf · 2015....

Executive Summary Report The study of the energy efficiency for infrared gas stove

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Executive Summary Report A study project of energy efficiency standard for infrared gas stoves

1. Background

Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE) have studied to standardize for domestic gas stoves for use with liquefied petroleum gas (low pressure gas stoves) since 2546 fiscal year(2003). The DEDE has specified energy efficiency levels to be suitable energy saving with Thai technologies and to promotes Thai people can use the high efficiency equipment. The DEDE’s outcome has found that there is another type of low pressure gas stoves which are being more popular and the people generally called, “Infrared Gas Stove”. The stoves are a non-flame low pressure gas classification and Thai citizens are interested because these stoves are more economical energies than the classical stoves, but they have not been classified in using and energy efficiency standard yet therefore nothing verified them that what are their energy efficiency. The DEDE is a government sector which responses to promote the people economize energies and be efficient energy using. and to support for using high efficiency energy equipment. According to these necessaries, the DEDE has done this project to develop criteria for determining efficient energy values and to standardize the stoves for encouraging the product development.

2. Steering Committee The steering committee of this project response to decision the result as well as to suggest and comment about the action plans, marketing information, specimen determination, a number of specimen randomness's, test reports, test standards, laboratories/test conditions, energy efficiency ‘s standard values, and energy efficiency’s level determination suitable with Thai technologies and economic in the stove producing encouragement. This project consults have specified the organization and steering committee list proposed to the DEDE and they was approved on 19 June 2014 are as follow.

1) Director of Bureau of Energy Efficiency Promotion Chairman 2) Representative of Thai Industrial Standards Institute (TISI) Committee 3) Representative of Office of The Consumer Protection Board (OCPB) Committee 4) Representative of Department of Energy Business Committee


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5) Representative of Green Label Scheme, Thailand Environment Institute (TEI) Committee 6) Expert of Khon Kaen University Committee 7) Expert of King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi(KMUTT) Committee 8) Representative of Director Bureau of Energy Efficiency Promotion Secretary

Consultant Representative of Mahidol University Secretary Asst.

2. Physical data and marketing specification studies 3.1. Physical characteristic of infrared gas stoves

These stoves are called by various unofficial names such as; infrared gas stove, infrared gas stove, infrared stove, infrared-type gas stove, and infrared burner gas stove. The stoves are a domestic gas stoves for use with liquefied petroleum gas and non-flame type. The most infrared stove’s components are as same as the general household stoves ,but infrared stove burners are porous ceramics. The infrared stove principle is the fuel gas is burned inside spongy holes of porous ceramics until these ceramics heat and then be thermal radiation in the infrared wavelength. As various infrared stoves is sold therefore separating types, classification, and sizes is not clear.

3.2. Marketing information of infrared gas stoves 1) Number of the producers and number of the sales

Recently, producers and distributors in Thailand are 29 firms include 48-trade mark, and 239-model. Surveying infrared stove firms have shown that yearly sales are 430,000 set besides considering the exported quantities are compared to the local products are 33% and 67% respectively as indicated on Fig.1. Ratio of the sold quantities are compared to the classical stoves are 26% and 74% respectively as indicated on Fig.2.


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Figure 1 Ratio of the exported quantities are compared to the local products.

Figure 2 Ratio of the sold quantities are compared to the classical stoves.

2) Marketing growth of infrared gas stoves

The infrared stoves ‘s average total sales are compared to 2-year ago grand total sales increase 14%. This show that the people are more interested for buying the infrared stoves according to the survey outcome of overall citizens which has found that approximately 64% of population have known the infrared stove and greater than 65% of population have


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known the sold infrared stoves and be in using. The most people buy them because they can save energies and be suitable to use. Total sales of the shops are not increased according to expectations of firms and product demand. The most shops think that the total sales in recent and the 2 year ago are similar. One of these clauses is the shops ‘s infrared stoves sales are compared to other goods are low therefore the sellers do not know this change.

3) Classification of the producers As studies have found that classification of the local producers who sell the

products in Thailand are mainly separated in 2 types based on the consumer demand are as shown on Fig.3.

Figure 3- classification of the local producers

4) Prices and pricing influencing factors

As surveying infrared gas stove prices is sold in Thailand for the household stoves has found that the prices are 480-7,900 BTH. Considering these price difference, we can portion out the price intervals based on number of burners such as; single burner, twin burners, various burner types, and others(example : three burners ,ect.) . Another way, we can divide the price intervals based on the constructor designs as shown on Table 1 and Table 2 below.

Infrared gas stove firms in Thailand

Infrared gas stove for household using

Infrared gas stove firms for specified using

Only produce some parts and then be assembled them under own trade marks

Export/Employ subcontracts to produce them under own trade

marks

Made to order

Made to demand of food markets


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Table 1 Price intervals are based on the constructor designs Constructor designs Price intervals(BTH)

Moveable 700-6,000 Stove with racks 1,000-3,000 Wall type 7,000-10,000 Table 2 The price intervals are based on a number of burners

Number and type of the burners Price intervals(BTH) Single burner 600-3,000 Twin burners 1,000-7,900 Type of burners 1,700-3,000 Others 1,800-4,000 Pricing influencing factors are as list: Number of burners: some model of the infrared stoves have 1-4 burners Type of burners: although this project emphasizes on the infrared stoves, the survey

outcome has found that many brand of the stoves are sold with various type of burners in the stove such as; classical and infrared stoves, ect. therefor the type of burners is one of pricing influencing factors.

Constructor designs: the designs are mainly one of pricing influencing factors. Some model of the infrared stoves have a number of burners and type of burners are same, but the constructors are different. These differences make the various pricing such as; stove without racks and with 1-2 racks, ect.

Stove constructed materials: as a number of burners, type of burners, and the designs are same, but the constructed materials are different. In Thailand, the infrared stoves are made from stainless steels are cheaper than safety glasses.

Gas valve guarantee: this is important for customer decisions to buy the products. The most producers manufacture the infrared stoves with gas valve warranties. These valve are guaranteed for 3-5 years and they clearly effect to determine prices.

Brands: these are significant to make pricing different according to production quantities and distribution.


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4. The study of energy efficiency and testing standard of the infrared gas stove From the studied, the energy efficiency and testing standard of the infrared gas stove are

not specify in Thailand country. However, the standard of the low pressure gas stove is legislated in Thailand country for example, Thai industrial standards institute of the household gas stove with liquefied petroleum gas (TIS. 2312-2549) and the ministerial regulations of the high efficiency of a household gas stove with liquefied petroleum gas.

In worldwide, the energy efficiency and testing standard of the infrared gas stove are not specify same as Thailand country. However, the testing standard of the low pressure gas stove in worldwide countries are decided as

1) EN 203-2:1995 (Specification for gas heated catering equipment. Rational use of energy).

2) BS 5386 part3 - 1980 Specification for gas burning appliances. Domestic cooking appliances burning gas.

3) AG 101-1998 Approval requirements for domestic gas cooking appliances. 4) JIS S 2093-1991 Test methods of gas burning appliances for domestic use. 5) ASTM Designation F 1521-96Standard Test Method for the Performance of Range

Tops. 6) SNI 7368-2007 One-burner LPG stove with mechanical ignition system. 7) BS EN 484:1998Specification for Dedicated liquefied petroleum gas appliances –

Independent hotplates, including those incorporating a grill for outdoor use. 8) DIN EN 203 Gas heated catering equipment.

However, from the studied of the testing standards are found the similar method of the

calculation of the energy efficiency, which is the ratio between of heat energy output to the volume of petroleum gas input, of a low pressure gas stove

The infrared gas stove is a kind of low pressure gas stove, so the specification of testing standards of an inferred gas stove should follow to Thai industrial standards institute of the household gas stove with liquefied petroleum gas (TIS. 2312-2549). However, the some method of the testing standards of low pressure gas stove should be adjusted for supporting the testing of an inferred gas stove for example, the king of petroleum gas in testing method, the size of bulky pot equipment and the other specification of a testing method can be seen as followed


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1) The condition of testing room The ambient air of testing room must be convenient ventilate and the ambient temperature should be variation as 25±2ºC

2) The condition of a petroleum gas In testing method The petroleum gas in testing method is propane (C3H8)

3) The condition of water temperature of testing method The initial of the water temperature is 25±2ºC

4) The pressure of testing petroleum gas The pressure of petroleum gas must be 280

2mmH O

5) The size of bulky pot equipment The diameter of bulky pot equipment is 240 mm

6) The mass of testing water The mass of testing water is 3.5 kg

7) The equipment and implement for testing the energy efficiency - Burner - Line of petroleum gas - Pressure regulator of petroleum gas (low pressure) according to TIS. 805-2540 - Aluminum bulky pot according to TIS. 789-2531 - Distilled water - Stopwatch - Thermometer (mercury) - Pressure gauge - Temperature gauge - Ambient pressure gauge - Weighing apparatus - Volumetric meter of gas flow


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8) The method of thermal efficiency Figure 4 is shows the connecting diagram of numerous equipment such as, the gas burner, the line of petroleum gas, volumetric meter of gas flow, pressure gauge, temperature gauge and gas vessel for testing the thermal efficiency of inferred gas stove. The first step of a testing is put the aluminum bulky pot on the inferred gas stove. Then, ignition the inferred gas stove and adjust the valve to the maximum flow rate at pressure 280

2mmH O

until 5 minute for eliminating the coating materials, oil and painting color. Next, fill the water into a bulky pot and measure the temperature of a water in pot. The initial temperature of water is 25±2ºC by measured the center of a bulky pot. The thermal efficiency of the inferred gas stove using the information of an initial water temperature, the volume of a gas for heating the water to 50ºC and the maximum water temperature. The equation for calculating the thermal efficiency can be written as

Figure 4 The connecting diagram of hardware for testing the thermal efficiency of inferred gas stove

Thermal efficiency =

When m is a mass of water unit in kg C is a specific heat of water 4.186x10-3 MJ kg K


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t1 is an initial of water temperature unit in οC t2 is a final of water temperature unit in οC V is a volume of gas unit in 3m Q is a low heating value of gas unit in 3MJ m

at pressure 101.3 kPAand temperature at 25 οC tg is a temperature of testing gas unit in οC B is an ambient pressure at the testing room unit in kPA Pm is a pressure of testing gas unit in kPA S is a pressure of saturate water vapor at temperature of testing gas unit in

kPA 5. The sampling method The sampling method is based on the theory of statistic from the volume of distribution and number of type. The step of sampling method is contain numerous step such as, the calculation of sampling number in testing method, the sampling plan, the preparation of sampling and the testing process. The calculation of sampling number is based on the method of Taro Yamane, because this process know the correct population and this method is acceptable. The plan of sampling is consider the volume of distribution and number of product type. In this work, the all of the infrared gas stove sampling is 165 sample (contain 48 brand 165 type) or 80 % of product in market. 6. Test result The test result of 165 sample (contain 48 brand 165 type) is divided to 114 type of single-burner and 51 type of double-burner (the double-burner use the lower value of thermal efficient from each burner). The overall of burner is 216 burner and the test result can been shown in table 3.


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Table 3 Test results

Diameter of Pot (mm)

Mass of

water (kg)

Thermal efficient (%)

Min Average Max Range

(Max – Min) S.D.

240 3.5 41.6 53.7 65.1 23.5 4.0 7. The analysis for specification of energy efficiency value The calculation of energy efficiency value of the high energy performance standards (HEPs) and minimum energy performance standard (MEPs) are consider the testing result with the principle of statistic theory. The equation for determining the energy efficiency value can be shown as The energy efficiency value = Average of energy efficiency value + Z*SD

When The average of energy efficiency is the average of thermal efficiency from the tested

Z is a statistic value SD is standard deviation of the test result

The high energy performance standards (HEPs) will save the energy and the standards not effect for distributing of a product. For encouraging the distributor to volunteer the energy efficiency program in the future, this work proposed the value of high energy performance standards (HEPs) when the number of sample pass the 35 % of this value. Therefore, the thermal efficient of 35 % of sample is more than 55.2 % (average of energy efficiency value + (0.39*SD)). However, this work is consider the different level of an energy efficiency value as shown in table 4. For the upper level of a high energy performance standards value is consider the anticipate of technology in the future. Therefore, the upper level of a high energy performance standards value is 74.8 %

For the analysis of the minimum energy performance standard (MEPs) is use the same principle as the high energy performance standards (HEPs). From the analysis, the sample not pass the minimum energy performance standard (MEPs) is 4% of 48.1% (average of energy efficiency value - (1.41*SD)) of MEPs value. However, this work is consider the different level of the MEPs value as shown in table 5.


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Table 4 The difference level of a high energy performance standards (HEPs)

% Pass HEPS

HEPS

Number of pass sample

Number of pass brand

Number of pass type

% Market

Sample % Pass sample

Brand % Pass brand

Type %

Pass type

20 56.4 33 20.0 19 39.6 33 20.0 24.1 25 55.8 41 24.8 24 50.0 41 24.8 27.4 30 55.4 53 32.1 27 56.3 53 32.1 36.1 35 55.2 57 34.5 30 62.5 57 34.5 39.5 40 54.8 67 40.6 31 64.6 67 40.6 41.1

Table 5 The difference level of the minimum energy performance standard (MEPs)

% Not pass MEPS

MEPS

Number of not pass sample

Number of not pass brand

Number of not pass type

% Market

Sample % Not pass

sample Brand

% Not pass

brand Type

% Not pass type

3 47.2 5 3.0 4 8.3 5 3.0 1.8 5 48.1 6 3.6 5 10.4 6 3.6 2.0 10 48.6 15 9.1 7 14.6 15 9.1 4.4

The consultant is proposed the analysis of energy efficiency value to the committee at

the second conference (meeting at 11 February 2015). The resolution of committee is agree with the value of the high energy performance standards (HEPs) and the minimum energy performance standard (MEPs), but adjust that value for the observation as followed - The high energy performance standards (HEPs) 55.0 - 74.0

- The minimum energy performance standard (MEPs) 48.0


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8. Evaluation of potential energy saving of infrared gas stove The potential energy saving of infrared gas stove has calculated based on the benefit from replace the mean energy efficiency value of infrared gas stove with high energy efficiency value by below equation.

E = p × H− A

A × h × d

where E is potential energy saving per unit per year. P is the mean value of used energy. H is the high energy efficiency value of infrared gas stove. A is the mean energy efficiency value of infrared gas stove. h is hour of using infrared gas stove per day. D is day of using infrared gas stove per year.

From above equation, the potential energy saving of infrared gas stove can be represented as following. The mean value of used energy 0.18 Kg/hr

The high energy efficiency value of infrared gas stove. 55.00 Percents The mean energy efficiency value of infrared gas stove. 53.7 Percents Hour of using infrared gas stove per day. 1.04 hr.

Day of using infrared gas stove per year. 365 Day potential energy saving per unit per year 1.66 Kg/stove/Year

When considered together with sales volume, The total potential energy saving of

infrared gas stove are as following Infrared gas stove sales volume is 430,000 stove per year potential energy saving

- 1.66 Kg/stove/Year - 714,800 Kg/Year - 830 (TOE/yr)

Reduce carbon emissions (CO2) 2,223,200 Kg/Year


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9. Organization of conferences and seminars 9.1 Organization of conferences for academic affairs committee

There were 3 conferences details show in the following. - Session1 organized on Friday 5 September 2014 at 10.00-12.00 am. at Boonrod-

Nitipat Meeting Room on 11th Floor in Building 7 of the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, the Ministry of Energy.

- Session2 organized on Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at 9.30-12.00 am. at Boonrod-Nitipat Meeting Room on 11th Floor in Building 7 of the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, the Ministry of Energy.

- Session3 organized on Thursday 26 March 2015 at 9.30- 12.00 am. On 6th Floor at Conference Room 603 on Building 7 in the Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, the Ministry of Energy.

9.2 Seminar for exchanging ideas and suggestions The consultants had organized a seminar for exchanging ideas and suggestions on

Monday 16 March 2015 on 9.30am. -12.00 am. at Kasatsuk Ballroom III on 4th Floor of the Twin Towers. During the seminar, results of physical data along with marketing issues of energy efficiency standard with foreign and domestic case studies was presented. Moreover, results and analysis of criteria on energy efficiency were also discussed with the following suggestions by 76 attendants.

1) The attendants has suggestion to encourage infrared gas stove coupled with domestic gas stove for use with liquefied petroleum gas

2) Water temperature in test method should be measure from many position before averaged execution for accuracy

3) The initial water temperature should has wide range for easy in initial setting methods

4) Type of test gas should be similar in domestic gas stove for use with liquefied petroleum gas test gas

5) In the future, if the head diameter of infrared gas stove were large than physical present data. test pan size should be reconsider for test method


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6) The attendants has suggestion to advise operator to develops infrared gas stove to get high efficiency infrared gas stove

7) The attendants has suggestion to invite operators to visit operating room for clear understanding in test method

The consultants guidelines for suggestion 1) The consultants will supports data to Department of Alternative Energy Development

and Efficiency, the Ministry of Energy to consider infrared gas stove promote. 2) The initial water temperature in test method will measure in many position for more

than accuracy. 3) The initial water temperature from trial test can has wide range. For according with

TIS2312-2549, initial temperature should be 25±2 degree celsius. However, consultants will explain initial condition to operator to made clear understanding

4) The consultants will consider testing gas type

5) In the future, if the head diameter of infrared gas stove were large than physical present data. The consultants will consider test pan size for test method

6) The consultants will research and education factor that affected to energy efficiency and disseminate to operator

7) The consultants will invite operators to visit operating room for clear understanding in test method

10. Draft preparation on energy efficiency standard

This process includes drafts of ministerial regulation, ministerial announcement and industrial product standard, all of which are based on research results and proposals by academic affairs committee and public hearings along with suggestions obtained from each meeting. Related studies on legal processes were also added so that the drafting of energy efficiency standard could be practical and implemented academically under the law. In this case, the consultants added details about drafting ministerial regulation, ministerial announcement and industrial product standard in their final report.


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11. Promotional models and plans among manufacturers and traders of the high pressure gas stove In setting up criteria of efficiency on the infrared gas stove, the consultants have proposed promotional models among manufacturers, traders and consumers including other sectors involved in research and experimentation because they are seen as a driving force in the usage of the stove. Meanwhile, the consultants also conclude instructions concerning methods of promoting manufacturers and traders including related criteria, process and practice in their final report.

SKMBT_42315060210480Executive Summary Report

executive summary report - dedee-lib.dede.go.th/mm-data/bib15440executivesummaryreport.pdf · 2015....

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