Exercise 32

Anatomy of Blood Vessels

ObjectivesObjectives

• Tunics of blood vessel wallsTunics of blood vessel walls

• Artery, vein, capillary structural Artery, vein, capillary structural differences correlated to functional differences correlated to functional differencesdifferences

• Artery and vein cross-sectionsArtery and vein cross-sections

• Major arteries and veinsMajor arteries and veins

Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Vein) WallsVein) Walls

Fig. 21-1

Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Vein) WallsVein) Walls

• Tunica intima (interna)Tunica intima (interna)– Lines the lumenLines the lumen– Single, smooth endothelial layer Single, smooth endothelial layer

(squamous)(squamous)– Continuous with heart’s Continuous with heart’s

endocardiumendocardium

Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Vein) WallsVein) Walls

• Tunica mediaTunica media– Bulky middle layerBulky middle layer– Smooth muscle, elastinSmooth muscle, elastin– Smooth muscle regulates diameter of Smooth muscle regulates diameter of

vessel vessel blood pressure blood pressure

Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Tunics of Blood Vessel (Artery & Vein) WallsVein) Walls

Tunica adentitia (externa)Tunica adentitia (externa)– Outermost layerOutermost layer– Areolar or fibrous connective tissueAreolar or fibrous connective tissue– Support/protectionSupport/protection

ArteryArtery, Vein, , Vein, oror CapillaryCapillary??

• ArteriesArteries– Walls generally thicker vs. veinsWalls generally thicker vs. veins– Tunica media has more muscle & elastic Tunica media has more muscle & elastic

tissue:tissue:• Large arteries actually Large arteries actually closercloser to the to the

pumping of the heartpumping of the heart• Able to expand as large amts of blood Able to expand as large amts of blood

enter them, recoil as blood passes enter them, recoil as blood passes through through ELASTIC arteries ELASTIC arteries

• Smaller arteries less elastic tissue, Smaller arteries less elastic tissue, moderate muscle moderate muscle MUSCULAR arteries MUSCULAR arteries

• VeinsVeins– Far removed from the heartFar removed from the heart– Low-pressure, not that big pressure Low-pressure, not that big pressure

change situation found in arterieschange situation found in arteries– Thinner walledThinner walled– Often flows against gravity—modification:Often flows against gravity—modification:

• Lumens of veins largerLumens of veins larger• Valves prevent backflowValves prevent backflow• Skeletal muscles “pump” (“milk”) blood Skeletal muscles “pump” (“milk”) blood

toward the hearttoward the heart

Artery,Artery, Vein,Vein, or or CapillaryCapillary??

Fig. 21-1

Artery,Artery, Vein, or Vein, or CapillaryCapillary??

• CapillariesCapillaries– Transparent walls, Transparent walls, one cell thickone cell thick– Tunica intima onlyTunica intima only– Easy gas exchange between blood and Easy gas exchange between blood and

tissue’s cellstissue’s cells

Fig. 21-4

Fig. 21-2

Major ArteriesMajor Arteries

Pulmonary TrunkPulmonary Trunk

Right pulmonary Right pulmonary arteryartery

Left pulmonary Left pulmonary arteryartery

Fig. 21-21Fig. 21-21

To lungs, capillary To lungs, capillary exchange COexchange CO22/O/O22

Fig. 21-22Fig. 21-22

Major Arteries: The AortaMajor Arteries: The Aorta

Thoracic aortaThoracic aorta

Abdominal aortaAbdominal aorta

Fig. 21-23Fig. 21-23

Major ArteriesMajor Arteries

BrachiocephalicBrachiocephalic

R, L subclaviansR, L subclavians

Fig. 21-26Fig. 21-26

R, LR, L

Fig. 21-26Fig. 21-26

FacialFacial

Superficial Superficial temporaltemporal

FacialFacial

(R, L) (R, L) Internal Internal thoracicthoracic

(mammary)(mammary)

Fig. 21-23Fig. 21-23

Axillary Axillary arteryartery

Fig. 21-23Fig. 21-23

Brachial Brachial arteryartery

Fig. 21-23Fig. 21-23

Radial Radial arteryartery

Ulnar arteryUlnar artery

Fig. 21-23Fig. 21-23

Superficial palmar Superficial palmar archarch

Digital Digital arteriesarteries

ASCENDING AORTA

AORTIC ARCH

DESCENDING AORTA

THORACIC AORTA

ABDOMINAL AORTA

BRACHIOCEPHALIC RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN

RIGHT COMMON CAROTID

LEFT COMMON CAROTID

RIGHT FACIAL

LEFT FACIAL

RIGHT SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL

LEFT SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL

ARTERIES

RIGHT INTERNAL THORACIC

LEFT INTERNAL THORACIC

RIGHT AXILLARY

LEFT AXILLARY

RIGHT BRACHIAL

LEFT BRACHIAL

RIGHT RADIAL

RIGHT ULNAR

LEFT RADIAL

LEFT ULNAR

SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH

SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARCH

RIGHT DIGITAL ARTERIES

LEFT DIGITAL ARTERIES

(OVER)

Branches from Abdominal AortaBranches from Abdominal Aorta

Fig. 21-26Fig. 21-26

Celiac Celiac TrunkTrunk

Left Left gastric gastric arteryartery

Splenic Splenic arteryartery

Hepatic Hepatic arteryartery

Fig. 21-27

Branches from Abdominal AortaBranches from Abdominal Aorta

Fig. 21-26Fig. 21-26

Superior Superior mesenteric mesenteric

arteryartery R, L renal R, L renal arteryartery

R, L R, L gonadal gonadal arteryartery

Inferior Inferior mesenteric mesenteric

arteryartery

Fig. 21-26Fig. 21-26

R, L common R, L common iliac arteriesiliac arteries

R, L R, L external external

iliac iliac arteriesarteries

R, L R, L internal internal

iliac iliac arteriesarteries

Fig. 21-28Fig. 21-28

Femoral arteryFemoral artery

Deep femoral Deep femoral arteryartery

Lateral Lateral circumflex circumflex

femoral arteryfemoral artery

Popliteal arteryPopliteal artery

Posterior Posterior tibial arterytibial artery

Anterior tibial Anterior tibial arteryartery

THORACIC AORTA

ABDOMINAL AORTA

CELIAC TRUNK

LEFT GASTRIC

SPLENIC

HEPATIC SUPERIOR MESENTERIC

INFERIOR MESENTERIC

RIGHT RENAL LEFT RENAL

RIGHT GONADAL LEFT GONADAL

RIGHT COMMON ILIAC LEFT COMMON ILIAC

RIGHT EXTERNAL ILIAC

RIGHT INTERNAL ILIAC

RIGHT FEMORAL

RIGHT DEEP

FEMORAL RIGHT POPLITEAL

RIGHT POSTERIOR

TIBIAL

RIGHT ANTERIOR

TIBIAL

LEFT EXTERNAL ILIAC

LEFT INTERNAL ILIAC

LEFT FEMORAL

LEFT DEEP FEMORAL LEFT

POPLITEAL

LEFT POSTERIOR

TIBIAL

LEFT ANTERIOR

TIBIAL

ARTERIES

RIGHT LATERAL FEMORAL CIRCUMFLEX

LEFT LATERAL FEMORAL CIRCUMFLEX

MAJOR VEINSMAJOR VEINS

From lungs, From lungs, capillary capillary

exchange COexchange CO22/O/O22

R, L pulmonary R, L pulmonary veinsveins

Superior vena Superior vena cavacava

Inferior vena Inferior vena cavacava

R, L R, L brachiocephalic brachiocephalic

veinsveins

Fig. 21-30

R, L subclavian R, L subclavian veinsveins

Fig. 21-31

Facial veinFacial vein

Fig. 21-30

Superficial Superficial temporal veintemporal vein

R, L external R, L external jugular veinsjugular veins

Fig. 21-31

R, L internal R, L internal jugular veinsjugular veins

Fig. 21-31

Branches of Inferior Vena CavaBranches of Inferior Vena Cava

Fig. 21-31

R, LR, L

R, LR, L

Fig. 21-34

Hepatic Portal SystemHepatic Portal SystemLeft gastric Left gastric

veinvein

Right gastric Right gastric veinvein

Splenic Splenic veinvein

Superior Superior mesenteric mesenteric

veinvein

Inferior Inferior mesenteric mesenteric

veinvein

Fig. 21-34

R, L R, L common common iliac veiniliac vein

R, L external R, L external iliac veiniliac vein

R, L R, L internal internal

iliac veiniliac vein

R, L R, L femoral femoral

veinvein

Great Great saphenous saphenous

veinvein

Website with interactive A & P model photos

http://daphne.palomar.edu/ccarpenter/Models/model%20index.htm

http://www.uky.edu/LCC/BSN/BIO/BiologyLabs/BSL111/111Lab1/Lab1VesselManFrameSet.html

LEFT RENAL VEIN

LEFT GASTRIC

VEIN

RIGHT COMMON ILIAC VEIN

RIGHT BRACHIOCEPHALIC

RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN

RIGHT EXTERNAL JUGULAR

RIGHT FACIAL

LEFT FACIAL

RIGHT SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL

LEFT SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL

VEINS

HEPATIC VEINS

RIGHT SAPHENOUS

RIGHT FEMORAL VEIN

RIGHT EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN

INFERIOR VENA CAVA

SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

LEFT BRACHIOCEPHALIC

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN

RIGHT INTERNAL JUGULAR

LEFT INTERNAL JUGULAR

LEFT EXTERNAL JUGULAR

RIGHT RENAL VEIN

LEFT GONADAL VEIN

RIGHT GONADAL VEIN

SPLENIC VEIN

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC

VEIN

INFERIOR MESENTERIC

VEIN

LEFT COMMON ILIAC VEIN

LEFT EXTERNAL ILIAC VEIN

RIGHT INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN

LEFT INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN

LEFT FEMORAL VEIN

LEFT SAPHENOUS