Exercise and Activity in Obesity

ManagementMark Young, Bkin, CK

Exercise and Calorie Expenditure

- Average person burns ~ 5-10 calories / minute during exercise

- Equals approximately 300-600 calories per hour of activity

- 1 pound of fat = 3500 calories

- To burn 1 pound of fat = 5.8-11.7 hours of exercise per week

- This amounts to 50-100 minutes per day!!!

-7.0 -5.0 -3.0 -1.0 1.0

Exercise and Weight Loss

Wing. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1999;31(suppl):S547.

*P<0.05 vs control group

Duration of each study ranged from 4 to 12 months.

Stefanick 1998

Stefanick 1998a

Anderssen 1995

Hammer 1989

Verity 1989

Rönnemaa 1988

Wood 1988

Wood 1983

Weight loss (kg)

Control Group

Exercise Group

**

**

-15 -10 -5 0

Exercise and Weight Loss

*P<0.05 vs diet-only group.

Wadden 1997

Ross 1996

Marks 1995

Ross 1995

Blonk 1994

Sweeney 1993

Bertram 1990

Weight loss (kg) Diet Only

Diet + Exercise

*

Wing RR. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(suppl):S547-S552.

Each study ranged from 4 to 6 months.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Exercise and Fat-Free Mass

Diet Only

Loss

of F

at-F

ree

Mas

s(%

Tot

al W

eigh

t Los

s)

Diet PlusPhysical Activity

Men

Women

*P<0.05

Reprinted with permission from Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, Ballor and Poehlman;18:35. Copyright 1994 Macmillan Publishers Ltd.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Exercise and Weight Maintenance

Not Maintained

Sub

ject

s E

xerc

isin

g (%

)

P<0.001

Weight Loss PatternMaintained

Reprinted with permission by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. © Am J Clin Nutr. American Society for Clinical Nutrition.

But what if it isn’t all just about weight?

Exercise and Visceral Fat

Exercise and Waist Circumference

Exercise and Body Composition

Exercise and Cardiovascular Risk

Exercise and Cardiovascular Fitness

Summary

- Exercise has a modest effect on weight loss

- Exercise plays a key role in maintenance of fat free mass and weight maintenance

Summary

- Exercise (even with little weight loss) can have positive effects on Diabetes, hypertension, visceral fat, functional capacity, cardiovascular fitness, and other obesity related comorbidities.

- These benefits can be had in as little as 150 minutes per week split between aerobic and resistance training.