Contents…

• Introduction

• Definition

• Exercise

• Rules of exercise

• Physiological response to

exercise

• Effects on heart

• Cardiac output

• Effects on lungs

• Changes in the blood

• Blood pressure

• Blood volume

• Effect on muscle

• Effect on elimination

• Precaution of exercise

• Purpose of exercise

• Research

• Rest and relaxation

• References

INTRODUCTION…

• In ancient world, every individual had hard work

associated with his profession

• Which is lacking in modern world and hence

inculcating a definite time and regular exercise to

be a part of our life style is a must

DEFINITION…

Exercise Physiology is the description and explanation of functional changes brought about by single or

repeated exercise sessions

EXERCISE

Exercise is the repeated rhythmic movements

given to body parts to keep it healthy and

develop the body parts

EXERCISE (CONT…)

EXERCISE

FREE

ACTIVE PASSIVE

RESISTED

ASSISTED

WEIGHT TRAINING

According to physiology, there are 3 types of exercises ;-

• Mild: minimum or no cardiovascular change.

Ex: Walking

• Moderate: No exertion but some cardiovascular changes can

seen

Ex: Jogging

• Severe: Complete exertion

Ex: Swimming

STAGES (SEVERITY) OF EXERCISE

• Empty stomach i.e., 3 to 4 hours after food

• Bowel and bladder should be evacuated

• Adequate rest in between and after is must

• Bath after exercise is compulsory

• Water should not be taken in between exercises

• Food should not be taken during exercise

• Very vigorous exercise should be avoided

• Proper timing should be followed

• Regularity of exercise gives better results

RULES OF EXERCISE

• Wrong practice and procedure

•For Ex: Weight training exercises should be done

carefully and slowly

• Muscles should not be worked to fatigue

• Irregularity and discontinuation of exercises leads to

problems

• Not following the rules of exercise properly leads to

disadvantages

• But when exercise are practiced properly and systematically

and correctly, no exercise is harmful or disadvantageous

PRECAUTIONS FOR EXERCISE

•The body becomes light after exercise

•The body relaxes

•The capacity to do work increases

•The digestive power of the individual increases

•There is fat depletion the muscles become

strong and compact

•The strength, power and endurance is increased

BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

•Physical appearance is improved

•Flexibility and mobility of the body increases

•The balance between elimination and nutrition is

established

•The cardiovascular efficiency is improved

•The respiratory capacity of the individual is improved

•The body becomes fit and healthy

•Proper blood circulation for various parts is

established

BENEFITS OF EXERCISECont…

•Acute painful conditions

•Pregnancy

•Menstruation

•Cardiac patients

•Acute illness

CONTRAINDICATIONS

Immediate responses

Cardiac output increases

HR increases

Blood is sent to working

muscles and away from

visceral organs

Respiration rate increases

BP increases

metabolism increases

Body temp rises and we sweat to cool

the body’s core

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO EXERCISE

• Oxygen rich blood is pumped out of the heart to the muscles and organs via artery’s (red areas)

• De-oxygenated blood is returned to the heart via veins (blue areas)

• Artery’s have plenty of pressure on them from the heart contracting to force the blood away from the heart

• Veins however are not under any pressure. To stop the blood going backwards veins have valves

EFFECT ON THE HEART

• 5-6 liters of blood is pumped out of heart/min.

• In moderate-20liters/min.

• Severe exercise- 35 liters/min

• Cardiac output is directly proportional to oxygen

consumption

• This is due to increased heart rate and increased

stroke volume

• (70ml/contraction)

• CO=HR x SV

CARDIAC OUTPUT

EFFECTS ON THE LUNGS

• During exercise there is

increase in CO2 of blood

• Chemoreceptor in medulla

are stimulated

• Stimulation of dorsal

respiratory group of

neurons

• Increase the rate of

respiration

• Removal of CO2 is

increased

• The heart and lungs are

connected to supply the

body with oxygen rich

blood and work together

to take away and get rid

of carbon dioxide

• This happens at the

capillary networks that

cover the alveoli and

muscle cells

LINKING TOGETHER..

•Mild hypoxia: which increases CO2 concentration will

lead to pH decrease

•It stimulates the juxtaglomerular cells to synthesize

erythropoietin

•So that there is a production of RBCs

•There is increased heat production during exercise which

increases the body temperature

CHANGES IN THE BLOOD

• To compensate the body temperature sweating and fluid

loss occurs resulting into decreased blood volume which is

also due to vasodilatation in skin

• Decreased blood volume results in Hemoconcentration i.e.

water is lost through plasma

• That’s why severe exercise can even cause dehydration

CHANGES IN THE BLOODCont…

• Systolic = the pressure

exerted on the walls of the

arteries when the heart

contracts

• Diastolic = the pressure

on the walls of the arteries

as the heart relaxes (fills)

• Normal BP tends to be

around:

• 120/80 mmHg.

BLOOD PRESSURE

•Venous return increased - Due to the muscle

pump and Respiratory pump

•Vasodilatation leads to relaxation of the muscles

•In the muscles end product of metabolism is

lactic acid which is further non-degradable is also a

stimulant for vasodilatation

EFFECT ON MUSCLES

• Skin - Sweating is improved

• Kidney - Urine output is increased

• Lungs – Carbon dioxide and other unwanted gases removed

• GIT- Excretion of feces is increased due to proper assimilation

and proper digestion

EFFECTS ON ELIMINATION

• Exercise keeps a person physically, mentally,

emotionally and spiritually healthy

•Indirectly aim of exercise is towards the positive health

• It is the set of systematic movement of the body

which helps in growth of the individual

• It gives happiness and helps in developing the mind

and mind becomes fresh

• To improve the stamina and strength

PURPOSE OF EXERCISE

RESEARCH•Research has proved exercise to be

beneficial in preventing lifestyle,

diseases(Asthma CAD, DM, Cancer)

Why take drugs for problems that may be

helped by exercise, sleep, sunlight and other

natural remedies?

• Rest is total absence of work except the force of gravity

• Complete rest is not possible

• Sleep is one of the best ways to achieve rest.

• It is temporary suspension/reduction of activity with the

purpose to recuperate and repair

• Helps in regeneration i.e. it is physiological rest and

calmness of nervous system

REST AND RELAXATION

• Physical

• Reliving tensions of muscles to maximum

extent/simply relaxation of muscles

Ex: Shavasana /lying down.

TYPES OF REST

• Mental rest ;-

• Making the mind to centralize on a

fixed point or on object

• Works at a subconscious level of mind.

Very difficult to achieve complete mental

rest and probably impossible to the fullest

extent

Ex: Meditation

• Rest and relaxation enhance the eliminatory process

and help in recharging the body and mind

• After work, the body is fatigued or tired which is

because of the metabolic wastes produced in the body

with the need to eliminate them

• Hence rest and relaxation is very essential

REQUIREMENT FOR REST AND RELAXATION

•The atmosphere should be favourable

•There should be proper ventilation

•The person should be comfortable and calm

•There should be no much bright light

REQUISITES FOR REST

•Prolonged severe exercise can cause dehydration

•Incorrect methods like

•exercise soon after food

•wrong atmosphere

•wrong methods

•malnourishment etc… can be dangerous

DANGERS OF EXERCISE

• When exercise is done regularly following all

precautions and done systematically, it is beneficial to

maintain a good physical and mental health

• Exercise done without proper method and

precautions by not giving proper dietary

supplementation, can be harmful to the body

• One important aspect always forgotten during

exercise is proper sleep, rest and relaxation

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

•www.wikipedia.com

• Physiology of Exercise

• Nature cure

by, Henry Linlard

• www.pubmed.com

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