existing and proposed power systems laboratories for ... · pdf filesystems laboratories for...

Existing and Proposed Power

Systems Laboratories for Academic Lectures

Georg Lauss*, Karl Knöbl**, Matthias Stifter*, Filip Andren*, Roland Bründlinger*, Hubert Fechner** and Thomas Strasser*

*AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria

**University of Applied Sciences Technikum Vienna, Vienna, Austria email: [email protected]

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Index of Content I. Introduction and Motivation II. Laboratory Concepts

A. AIT SmartEST – High Power Lab’ Concept B. FH Technikum Hybrid Lab’ Concept

III. Implementation Details of Lab’s A. Open-Source Controls and Software Architectures B. Communication and MAS based controls

IV. Possible Use Cases for Lab’ Lectures A. MAS based control tasks on household level B. Low Voltage distribution management tasks C. MAS based electric vehicle integration

V. Conclusion

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Introduction and Motivation The large-scale roll out of DER in several regions in the world during the last decade has led to a change in the planning and operation of the electric power systems: PV system, wind generators, biomass systems or small-scale hydro power plants)

→ Impact on all voltage levels in distribution and in transmission systems

Fig.: View of AIT SmartEST Lab’

Proper approaches and concepts are necessary in order to cope with the higher complexity in such systems → construction of AIT SmartEST Lab & FH Technikum Hybrid Lab

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V. Conclusion

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AIT SmartEST – High Power Lab’ Concept Main components and Sources: 2 independent high bandwidth grid simulators:

0 to 480 V, rated 800 kVA, 3-phase balanced or unbalanced operation,

3 independent laboratory grids for testing equipment up to 1000 kVA, configurable star point settings and grounding systems,

3-phase balanced or unbalanced operation, Facilities for LVRT (low voltage ride-through)

and FRT (fault ride-through) tests, and 5 independent dynamic PV array simulators:

1500 V, 1500 A, 960 kVA.

→ highly flexible possibilities of network configuration!

Fig.: Embedded real time simulation system in the AIT SmartEST laboratory

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AIT SmartEST – High Power Lab’ Concept State-of-the-art dedicated devices and machinery: Multicore Opal-RT real-time simulator for Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) experiments and real time simulations, Power-HIL (PHIL) and Controller-HIL (CHIL) experiments in closed control loop, Line impedance emulation (adjustable line impedances for various LV network topologies: meshed, radial or ring network configuration), Environmental test chamber with wide temperature range (-40°C; 100°C, up to 98% rH), and Open source based laboratory automation and control platform.

→ allows connecting offline Co-simulation of power and ICT infrastructure, PHIL, CHIL Tests.

Fig.: Embedded real time simulation system in the AIT SmartEST laboratory

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V. Conclusion

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FH Technikum Hybrid Lab’ Concept Lab’ components and equipment: PV inverter sourced by a PV array simulator, able to

provide voltage and current profile in a wide range, and PV inverter sourced by regular DC-supply,

Storage equipment connected AC in 3-phase mode to the house, strategies as well as open control interface based on Modbus TCP/IP,

Home energy management system, able to control autonomously a set of consumers in a house and provide interface via web to smart phone or web browser, and

An electric vehicle (i.e. e-bike/ e-car) charging station.

PV inverter sourced by a real PV module field with a power of 2 kWpeak,

Fig.: Hybrid Energy Lab - Basic Design

Auxiliary Supply

LV 0,4 kV 20 kVA

Configurable distribution grid

with 3L+N impedances

Three-phase adjustable voltage stabilizer emulating Zero

impedance MV-grid

ZT MV / LV Transformer Impedance

~ = PV-SIM

U(I), ISC(t, prog)

PV-inverter

= ~

~ =

PV-inverter

= ~

PV-inverter

= ~

PV field

Storage

LOAD

LOAD

LOAD

LOAD

HOME Energy

Management

HOME Energy

Management

Electric vehicle (bike&car)

Loading station

Laboratory control and measurement network • analog and digital input (measurement, states, control output of HOME

Energy Management system) are input to decentralizedIO • analog and digital output (switch control and setpoint-values) are generated

at decentralizedIO • decentralizedIO is connected via dedicated LAN to SCADA system

Smart grid specific network • All houses are equipped with Smart Meter, which are connected via provider

specific protocols to either the provider specific Head End system or a communication gateways to an aggregation system (IDSpecto, Görlitz)

• Home Energy Management control is delivered via Web-interface or an App • Grid operator control of PV-inverter or other components, probably applied in

order to ensure power quality, is and will be conveyed via this network

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FH Technikum Hybrid Lab’ Concept Use Case Control: All communication to components being part of an emulated use case is being directly conveyed via the network: Most of the actions and measured signals are relayed via SCADA system, Others are directly exchanged with the component under control, e.g. PV-inverter

providing a LAN based interface,

Use case itself is controlled by a set of agents, composed out of Agents, developed for controlling dedicated equipment, so having their protocol stack

integrated and use case specific agents, which are designed for the given use case and engage

existing equipment agents

Special agents, interacting with external information sources and processing specific information like weather forecast data. They provide triggers and signals to the use case specific agents.

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V. Conclusion

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Open-Source Control & Software Architecture One of the main goals of the hard- and software architecture of the AIT SmartEST automation environment is to have flexible and rapidly adaptable system architecture.

Communication network: Supervisory Control and Data

Acquisition (SCADA) systems, or a Distribution Management System

(DMS)

→ It allows a fast adaptation to new hardware without changing the core control/automation software.

Fig.: Hard- and software architecture supporting a

flexible setup of Smart Grid laboratory projects; based on IEC 61499

SCADA_RES

CONTROL_RES

IO_RES

Communication Interface

Process Interface

SIM_RES CONTROL_RES

SCADA_RES

Communication Interface

Process Interface

Device 1

SCADA_APP

Device 2

Communication Network

PUBL/SUBL (shared meory)

Simulated Power Distribution Network(Offline Simulator)

Real Network Device

Wire (digital/analouge I/O) over POWERLINK

I/O access via wire (digital/analouge) or communication network

SERVER/CLIENT(TCP/IP)

Suppervisory Control and Data Aquisition (SCADA) System

PUBLISH/SUBSCRIBE (UDP/IP)

SIM_APP CONTROL_APP

Simulated Power Distribution Network(Real-Time Simulator)

IO_APP

→ this approach using the IEC 61499 reference model for distributed control as basis

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Open-Source Control & Software Architecture Consists of embedded control devices executing different control and monitoring functions as well as corresponding applications, either local on the device or distributed: 4DIAC (open source based and IEC 61499 compliant

distributed control environment) is used for the implementation of the control functions http://www.fordiac.org Function block oriented programming model Hardware configuration model for automation Control, safety functions and interaction with

monitoring, supervisory and visualization layer (i.e.: SCADA)

→ interacting with the physical hardware (i.e., the lab environment) about 1,300 digital I/O’s are being installed using a distributed I/O system with 16 nodes Fig.: Architecture of the open source based

automation and control environment for the SmartEST laboratory

http://www.fordiac.org/

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Open-Source Control & Software Architecture A very important topic for AIT SmartEST is also the supervisory control and the HMI. Since 4DIAC covers mainly the control functions without any visualization possibilities a SCADA system is also used. In this system the HMI and visualization of the laboratory environment is implemented. → contains a SCADA layer and a control layer to configure, monitor and operate the laboratory

Moreover, high-level supervisory, monitoring and control functions are mainly executed in the SCADA layer.

Fig.: Implemented SCADA HMI

→ For this purpose the open source implementation ScadaBR is being used Human Machine Interface (HMI) http://www.scadabr.com.br

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Open-Source Control & Software Architecture

Fig.: Implemented SCADA HMI

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Open-Source Control & Software Architecture The communication and data exchange with the control layer (i.e., 4DIAC tool) is carried out using a TCP-based protocol which is implemented in the ScadaBR and 4DIAC. → resulting automation hard- and software as well as the communication infrastructure used for operating the AIT SmartEST lab (22 power measurements)

Fig.: Resulting open source based automation environment

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V. Conclusion

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Communication and MAS based controls In parallel to the electrical network a versatile ICT net-work, physically based on Ethernet is wired in the Hybrid Energy Lab. It provides several virtual private networks, separating laboratory specific control of components and providing virtual networks for 1) interconnection of smart meter head end systems with a common integrating system, 2) providing communication for the use case specific control and 3) connecting use case control and houses to public internet. The core functionality for use case emulation is being developed on base of the existing MAS platform JADE, which is free and distributed in open source under the terms and condition of the LGPL license.. A JADE-based system can be distributed across machines and the configuration can be controlled via a remote Graphical User Interface (GUI). → Actors, which are relevant for a use case, are built on base of JADE, utilizing the built in messaging and agent control framework. JADE provides a framework for building specific agents following state/event-machine logic

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V. Conclusion

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MAS based control tasks on household level Actors, which are relevant for a use case, are represented by specific agents, which are aggregated and controlled by a use case specific main agent. Actors can be either physical devices PV inverter (grid-connected or able to curtail its grid feed-in), Storage systems (self-consumption of grid-connected), or new roles virtual power plant operators, which themselves control several PV inverter), or an artifact a weather forecast, representing current forecast data by communicating to a

public web site.

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V. Conclusion

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Low Voltage distribution management tasks Most of the actions and measured signals are relayed via SCADA system control of loads, grid quality criteria excitation like voltage surges, etc….

Others are directly exchanged with the component under control, … e.g. PV inverter providing a local area network based interface or a storage equipment supporting Modbus TCP/IP.

Distribution tasks in the SmartEST Lab’

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V. Conclusion

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MAS based electric vehicle integration In order to understand the interaction between large scale renewable integration in a MAS controlled environment, physical and simulated components can be used for studies. By coupling the simulated electric power system with a MAS based simulation of Electric

Vehicles (EV), this environment is used to validate intelligent charging algorithm - CoSimulation [3].

Coupling of real charging stations and real EVs with a simulated fleet of EVs – connected via the OPC based charging point protocol – was performed in real-time [10].

In context of the proposed laboratory setup, coupling with simulated EV and MAS based building agents can be implemented as use cases for e.g., providing ancillary services and increasing of self-coverage.

[3] T. Strasser, M. Stifter, F. Andrén, and P. Palensky, “Co-Simulation Training Platform for Smart Grids,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 1989-1997, 2014.

[10] M. Stifter and S. Ubermasser, “Dynamic simulation of power system interaction with large electric vehicle fleet activities,” in PowerTech (POWERTECH), 2013 IEEE Grenoble, 2013, pp. 1–6.

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V. Conclusion

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Conclusions → A flexible laboratory infrastructure with even open communication and control capabilities support the various educational and training activities, by means of implementing, testing, investigate, validating interactions, controls,

components and (sub)systems.

→ Co-simulation and system-integration can give the industry relevant understanding in state-of-the-art equipment (open space for innovation driven concepts can be provided ) → Methods of PHIL, CHIL, co-simulation and real-time MAS controls provide these capabilities → These are the main objectives for future education and training activities

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Thank you!

Georg Lauss, Electric Energy Systems, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria [email protected]

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