existing wireless systems: 2g, gsm system and pcs
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 1
Chapter 9:Existing Wireless Systems:
2G, GSM System
Associate Prof. Yuh-Shyan Chen
Dept. of Computer Science and Information Engineering
National Chung-Cheng University
![Page 2: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 2
Introduction
Global System for Mobile communication or Groupe Speciale Mobile (GSM) communication
• Initiated by European Commission• Second-generation mobile cellular system
Aimes at developing a Europe-wide digital cellular system
• Created in 1982 to have a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz
• The main objective of GSM is to remove any incompatibility among the systems by allowing the roaming phenomenon for any cell phone
![Page 3: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 3
Introduction
• It also supports speed transmissions between MSs, emergency calls, and digital data transmission
Specific functions of different constituents are as follows
• Base Station Controller (BSC):• Mobile Switching Center (MSC):• Authentication Center (AC):• Equipment Identity Register (EIR):
![Page 4: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 4
GSM infrastructure
![Page 5: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 5
Frequency Bands and Channels
GSM has been allocated an operational frequency from 890 MHz and 960 MHzMSs employ 890 MHz to 915 MHzBS operates in 935 MHz and 960 MHz
GSM follows FDMA and allows up to 124 MSs to be serviced at the same timeThe frequency band of 25 MHz is divided into 124
frequency division multiplexing (FDM) channels, each of 200 kHz (Fig. 10.9)
A guard frame of 8.25 bits is used between any two frames transmitted either by the BS or the MS
![Page 6: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 6
Frequency band used by GSM
![Page 7: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 7
GSM uses a variety of multiplexing techniques
GSM uses a variety of multiplexing techniques to create a collection of logical channels
Three control channels are used for broadcasting some information to all MSsBroadcast control channel (BCCH)Frequency correction channel (FCCH)Synchronization channel (SCH)
![Page 8: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 8
Channel in GSM
![Page 9: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 9
Cont.
Three common control channels are used for establishing links between the MS and the BSRandom access channel (RACH):
• Used by the MS to transmit information regarding the requested dedicated channel from GSM
Paging channel:• Used by the BS to communicate with individual MSs in
the cell
Access grant channel:• Used by the BS to send information about timing and
synchronization
![Page 10: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 10
Cont.
Three dedicated control channels are usedSlow associated control channel (SACCH):Stand-alone dedicated control channel (SDCCH):Fast associated control channel (FACCH):
![Page 11: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 11
Frames in GSM
GSM system uses the TDMA scheme with a 4.615 – ms long frameDividing into eight time slots each of 0.557 msEach frame measured in terms of time is 156.25 bits
long, of which 8.25 period bits are guard bits for protection
The 148 bits are used to transmit the informationThe frame contains 26 training bits allow the
receiver to synchronize itselfMany such frames are combined to constitute
multiframes, superframes, and hyperframes
![Page 12: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 12
Frame structure of TDMA
![Page 13: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 13
Identify Numbers used by a GSM System
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
![Page 14: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 14
Format of IMSI
![Page 15: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 15
Cont.
Subscriber Identify Module (SIM)Every time the MS has to communicate with a BS, it
must correctly identify itself. A MS does this by storing the phone number,
personal identification number for the station, authentication parameters, and so on in the SIM card
Smart SIM cards have a flash memory The main advantage of SIM is that is supports
roaming with or without a cell phone, also called SIM roaming
Mobile System ISDN (MSISDN)
![Page 16: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 16
Format of MSISDN
![Page 17: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 17
Cont.
Location Area Identify (LAI)The GSM service area is usually divided into a
hierarchical structure that facilitates the system to access any MS quickly
Each PLMN is divided into many MSCsEach MSC typically contains a VLR to tell the system
if a particular cell phone is roamingIf it is roaming, the VLR of the MSC in which the cell
phone is reflects the factEach MSC is divided into many location areas (LAs)A location area is a cell or a group of cells and is
useful when the MS is roaming in a different cell but the same LA
![Page 18: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 18
Cont.
Since any LA has to be identified as the part of the hierarchical structure
The identifier should contain the country code, mobile network code, and LA code
![Page 19: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 19
GSM layout
![Page 20: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 20
Cont.
International MS Equipment Identity (IMSEI)
![Page 21: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 21
Format of IMSEI
![Page 22: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 22
Cont.
MS Roaming Number (MSRN)
![Page 23: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 23
Format of MSRN
![Page 24: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 24
Layout, Planes, and Interfaces of GSM
![Page 25: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 25
Interface of GSM
![Page 26: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 26
Cont.
The GSM system can be divided into five planesOAMCMMMRRPhysical
![Page 27: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 27
Functional planes in GSM
![Page 28: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 28
Authentication
Authentication is done with the help of a fixed network that is used to compare the IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) of the MS reliably
![Page 29: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 29
Authentication process in GSM
![Page 30: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 30
Handoff in GSM
Intracell/intra-BTS handoffIntercell/intra-BSC handoffInter-BSC/intra-MSC handoffInter-MSC handoff
![Page 31: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 31
Inter-MSC handoff
![Page 32: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 32
Personal Communication Service (PCS)
PCS employs an inexpensive, lightweight, and portable handset to communicate with a PCS BS
The PCS is classified into high-tier and lower-tier standards
High-tier system includes high-mobility units with large batteries
• An MS in a carLow-tier system includes system with low mobility,
capable of providing high-quality portable communication service over a wide area
The PCS lower-tier standards based on PACS (Personal Access Communication Systems) and DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunication) are given in Table 10.6.
![Page 33: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 33
FCC view of PCS
![Page 34: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 34
PCS High-Tier Standards
![Page 35: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 35
PCS Low-Tier Standards
![Page 36: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 36
Chronology of PCS Development
CT2 (Cordless Telephone)Using FDMA with a speed rate of 32 kbps using
Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Mudulation (ADPCM)
The transmitter data rate is 72 kbpsUses TDD, which allows BS and MS share one
channelD is called D-channel which includes 4 bits of control
information
DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunication)
![Page 37: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 37
CT2 TDD Slot (First Generation)
![Page 38: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 38
DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunication)
The second-generation cordless telephone system
DECT operates on frequencies ranging from 1880 MHz to 1900 MHz
Uses ADPCM with 32 kbps speed rateUses TDD with two frames with 10-ms periodsSupports both voice and data transmission
![Page 39: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 39
DECT TDD Slot (Second Generation)
![Page 40: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 40
Bellcore View of PCS
The Bellcore view of PCS is based on five different service provided between the Bellcore client company (BCC), BCC network, and the PCS wireless provider networkPCS access service for networks (PASN)
• A connection service to and from the PCS service provider (PSP)
PCS access service for controllers (PASC)• A service for use with PCS wireless provider (PWP)
across radio channels and some type of automatic link transfer capability
![Page 41: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 41
Bellcore View of PCS
PCS access service for ports (PASP)• An interface into PWP
PCS access service for data (PASD)• A database information transport service
PCS access service for external service providers (PASE)
• Is used to support specialized PCS service like voice mail and paging
![Page 42: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 42
Bellcore PCS Architecture
Radio Port Radio PortControl Unit
SignalingSystem 7
Operation, Administration,& Maintenance
![Page 43: Existing Wireless Systems: 2G, GSM System and PCS](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052217/55844a4fd8b42a6a6d8b48ad/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Yschen, CSIE, CCU 43
Description of the PCS Air Interface:Forward TDMA Frame for PCS