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EXIT CHAPTER 17 17 CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere CHAPTER OUTLINE Atmosphere

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Page 1: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

EXIT CHAPTER

1717CHAPTER

17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance

17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere

17.3 Local Temperature Variations

17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER OUTLINECHAPTER OUTLINE

Atmosphere

Page 2: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

H2O

O2

CO2

H2O

O2

CO2

H2OCO2

H2O

CHAPTER HOME

Earth’s atmosphere contains nitrogen and oxygen,

with small amounts of other gases and dust particles.

Gases, including water vapor, move between the

atmosphere and other parts of the Earth system, yet

the composition of the atmosphere remains fairly

constant.

CHAPTER

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

17.1 The Atmosphere in the Balance

1717 Atmosphere

Page 3: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER HOME

Earth’s atmosphere contains nitrogen and oxygen,

with small amounts of other gases and dust particles.

Gases, including water vapor, move between the

atmosphere and other parts of the Earth system, yet

the composition of the atmosphere remains fairly

constant.

CHAPTER

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Local events can change the composition of the

atmosphere, with global consequences.

17.1 The Atmosphere in the Balance

1717 Atmosphere

Page 4: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER HOME

Heat moves by radiation, convection, and

conduction.

CHAPTER

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

VOCABULARY17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere

1717 Atmosphere

The atmosphere is

divided into layers

based on

temperature.

120

110

100

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

90

0

-120 -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60

THERMOSPHERE

Mesopause

MESOPHERE

Stratopause

STRATOSPHERE

Tropopause

TROPOSPHERE

Hei

gh

t a

bo

ve g

rou

nd

(ki

lom

eter

s)

COLDER WARMER

radiation

conduction

temperature

convection

heat

troposphere

stratosphere

ozone

mesosphere

ionosphere

thermosphere

insolation

Page 5: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

100 units of insolation

CHAPTER HOME

Earth’s heat budget represents the flow of energy

into and out of Earth’s atmosphere.

CHAPTER

VOCABULARY17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere

1717 Atmosphere

An imbalance in Earth’s heat budget changes

Earth’s mean temperature.

30 units reflected or scattered back to space

Atmosphere absorbs 19 units

Earth’s surfaceabsorbs 51 units

A total of 64 units radiated back into space via the atmosphere

6 units radiate to space from Earth’s surface

15 units radiate from surface to atmosphere

Conduction and convection transfer 7 units to atmosphere

Evaporationtransfers 23 units to atmosphere

radiation

conduction

temperature

convection

heat

troposphere

stratosphere

ozone

mesosphere

ionosphere

thermosphere

insolation

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Page 6: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

The intensity of insolation depends upon the angle

at which sunlight strikes Earth’s surface. The

intensity is greatest at low latitudes,

CHAPTER HOMECHAPTER

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

VOCABULARY17.3 Local Temperature Variations

1717 Atmosphere

during the

summer, and around noon.

Equator The angle of sunlight varies with latitude.

SUN’SRAYS

New Orleans

EquatorEquator

New Orleans

June 21

Dec. 21

isotherm

Page 7: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER HOME

Cloud cover can affect how much energy moves

through the atmosphere.

CHAPTER

VOCABULARY17.3 Local Temperature Variations

1717 Atmosphere

Land heats and cools more

readily than water.

Isotherms shift with the

seasons, more

dramatically over land than

over water.

Mean sea-level temperatures in January

isotherm

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Page 8: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER HOME

Cloud cover can affect how much energy moves

through the atmosphere.

CHAPTER

VOCABULARY17.3 Local Temperature Variations

1717 Atmosphere

Land heats and cools more

readily than water.

Isotherms shift with the

seasons, more

dramatically over land than

over water.

Mean sea-level temperatures in July

isotherm

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Page 9: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER HOME

Human activities produce pollutants that are

released into the air and affect the atmosphere.

CHAPTER

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

VOCABULARY17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

1717 Atmosphere

Common Air Pollutants

Major Sources Some Effects

Carbon monoxide (CO)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) …

click here to enlarge table

air pollutant

temperatureinversion

Page 10: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER HOME

Pollutants can react with water vapor to form acid

precipitation, be trapped by temperature inversions

to cause thick smog, reduce the amount of ozone in

the ozone layer, and contribute to global warming.

CHAPTER

VOCABULARY17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

1717 Atmosphere

Ozone hole, October 1999

air pollutant

temperatureinversion

SECTION OUTLINESECTION OUTLINE

Page 11: EXIT CHAPTER CHAPTER 17.1 The Atmosphere in Balance 17.2 Heat and the Atmosphere 17.3 Local Temperature Variations 17.4 Human Impact on the Atmosphere

CHAPTER

CHAPTER HOME

1717 Atmosphere

This is the end of the chapter presentation of lecture notes. Click the CHAPTER HOME button or exit the presentation.