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LENGTH(char) this function returns the length of the given string.it returns the length of parameter specified by argument char in characters.If argument char has datatype char, the length includes all the trailing blanks.

If argument char is null, this function returns null. The syntax of the LENGTH

command is

LENGTH(char)

For example

INSTRReturn the location of nth occurrence of string X in the string data , starting

from positions. The syntax of the INSTRcommand is

INSTR( DATA,X,S,N )

For example


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GREATESTIt returns the greatest value among all expression. The syntax of the

greatestcommand is

GREATEST (EXP1,EXP2,EXP3. )

For example

LEASTIt returns the least value among all expression. The syntax of the LEASTcommand is

LEAST (EXP1,EXP2,EXP3. )

For example

NUMERIC FUNCTIONSNnumeric functions are those functions that accept valuesand after performing the required operation, return numeric values. Some useful numeric

functions are

ABSReturns the absolute value of data. The syntax of the ABS command is

ABS( DATA )


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For example

CEILReturns the smallest integer greater than or equal to data. The syntax of the ceil

command is

CEIL( DATA )

For example

FLOORReturns the largest integer greater than or equal to data. The syntax of the

floor command is

FLOOR( DATA )

For example


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POWER This function returns m raise to nth power. Returns value of argument mraised to nth power. The base m and the exponent n can be any numbers, but if m is

negative, n must be an integer. The syntax of the POWERcommand is

POWER(m,n)

For example

ROUND This function returns a number rounded off as per given specifications.Returns value of argument n rounded to m places right of the decimal point; if m is

omitted to 0 place,m can be negative to round off digits left of the decimal point. M must

be an integer. The syntax of the ROUND command isROUND(n,m)

For example


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For example to count the number of cities, the different members belong to, we use the

following command

COUNT(*) Used to count all the rows of a table including duplicates. The syntax ofthe count(*)command is

COUNT(*)

For example to count the number of students in particular trades from sturept table, wewill use the following command

SUM( ) Used to return a total or sum on the values of a numeric column for a group of

rows. The syntax of the SUM command is

SUM (X)

For example


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VARIANCE (X)

For example

STDDEV Used to find the standard deviation. The syntax of the STDDEV commandis

STDDEV (X)

For example

DATE FUNCTIONSDate functions operate on values of the DATE data type. All function return a value of

DATE data type, except the MONTHS_BETWEEN function, which returns a number.

ADD_MONTHSThis function adds number of months to a given date and returns adate after those many months.

Returns the value of argument date d plus n months. The argument n can be any integer.If the last day of the resulting month. Otherwise, the result has the same day component

as d. The syntax of the ADD_MONTHS command is

ADD_MONTHS(d,n)

For example


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LAST_DAYThis function gives last day of the month specified in date.The syntax ofthe last_day command is

LAST_DAY(d)

For example

NEXT_DAYThis function returns the date of a specified coming day in the next week.Returns the date of the first weekday named by argument char that is later than the date

d.the argument char must be a day of the week. The return value has the same hours,

minutes, and seconds component as the argument d. The syntax of the NEXT_DAYcommand is

NEXT_DAY(d,char)

For example

MONTHS_BETWEENThis function finds out the number of months passed between

given two dates. The syntax of the MONTHS_BETWEEN command is

MONTHS_BETWEEN(date2,date1)


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For example

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