expanding the frontiers of space astronomy
TRANSCRIPT
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EXPANDING THE FRONTIERS OF S PACE AS TRONOMY
The James Webb Space Telescope
Massimo Stiavelli
July 22nd, 2019
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Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
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Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
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We need a newer and bigger telescope
JWST is an international collaboration between NASA, ESA and CSA
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What will JWST do after it’s launched?
Attempt to find and characterize Earthlike planets in the Habitable zone
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HST UDF
Simulated JWST Image
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Summary of JWST instrument capabilities
jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation
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Spectroscopy and JWST
JWST has many spectroscopic capabilities:
• NIRSpec supports MOS, IFUs, and single slit spectroscopy
• NIRcam supports slitless spectroscopy
• NIRISS support slitless spectroscopy and single object slit spectroscopy
• MIRI supports IFU spectroscopy and low-res slit spectroscopy
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Near Infrared Camera – NIRCam (US)NIRCam Capabilities2 channel imager from λ = 0.6 to 5.0 microns, get λ < 2.5 & λ > 2.5 micron
simultaneously
Nyquist sampling of diffraction limit at 2 microns (0.032”/pixel) and 4 microns
(0.065”/pixel)
2.2’ x 4.4’ field of view
Short and long wavelength coronagraphy
Slitless spectroscopy for λ = 2.4 – 5.0 micron
Check NIRCam pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/nircam
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Near Infrared Spectrometer – NIRSpec (ESA)
NIRSpec CapabilitiesNear Infrared wavelength coverage of λ = 0.6 to 5.0 micronsThree different spectral resolutions of R = 100, 1000, and 2700Modes: Single Slit Spectroscopy (slits with 0.4” x 3.8”, 0.2” x 3.3”, 1.6” x 1.6”)
Integral Field Unit (3.0” x 3.0”)Multi Object Spectroscopy (3.4’ x 3.4’ with 250,000 - 0.2” x 0.5” microshutters)
Check NIRSpec pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/nirspec
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NIRSpec enables multi-object spectroscopy
248,000 microshutters!
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Mid Infrared Instrument – MIRI (US-EC)
MIRI CapabilitiesHigh resolution imager with sensitivity from λ = 5 to 28 microns, 10 broad-band filtersλ = 5.0 to 28.3 microns with 0.11” pixels1.23’ x 1.88’ field of view Coronagraphy at 10.65, 11.4, 15.5, and 23 microns (24” to 30” field of view)Integral Field Unit with R = 2200 to 3500, at 4 wavelengths (image slices 0.18” to 0.64”)Single Slit Spectroscopy from 5.0 to ~14 microns in 0.6 x 5.5” slit (R ~ 100 at 7.5 microns)
Check MIRI pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/miri
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Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph – NIRISS (CSA)
NIRISS Capabilities
Imaging - λ = 0.9 to 5.0 microns over a 2.2’ x 2.2’ field of view with 0.065” pixelsWide Field Slitless Spectroscopy - λ = 1.0 to 2.5 microns at R ~ 150Single Object Slitless Spectroscopy - λ = 0.6 to 2.5 microns at R ~ 700Aperture Mask Interferometry - λ = 3.8 to 4.8 microns, enabled by non-redundant mask
Check NIRISS pocket guide: jwst.stsci.edu/instrumentation/niriss
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JWST Point Source Sensitivity
Data cube-based ETC available on the web
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Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
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16
7/27-8/7/2020
GO Cy1 TAC
Commissioning
(L+6 mo.)
(L+6)
Cycle 1 obs. begin
JWST Science Planning Timeline (July 2019)
2018 2019 2020
5/1/2020
GO Cy1
prop. due
L+11
GO Cy2 Call
2021
Cycles 1 & 2 Call for Proposals
6/25/2019
GTO and ERS Cy1 APT
files submitted
DD ERS observations
2022
L+9
GTO Cycle 2 deadline
1/23/2020
GO Call re-opened
L+13
GO Cy2 deadline
L+15
GO Cy2 TAC
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• Astronomer’s proposal tool (APT)
• Exposure time calculator (ETC)
• Quantitatively validated with instrument teams
• Runs on Amazon Web Services to guarantee scalability and adequate CPU resources
• Calibration pipelines
• More sophisticated than those on HST after 25 years in operations
• New JWST Help Desk portal
• Web-based, includes comprehensive documentation search and user forum.
• User documentation (JDOX)
• Wikipedia-style integrated web documentation
• Data analysis tools
• Many new applications, including spectroscopic viewer, multi-object and IFU tools
• Written in Python and integrated with Astropy
• Data simulators
• STIPS imaging simulator to be released
JDOX
JWST ETC
JWST User Tools
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Plan of the talk
• The James Webb Space Telescope
• Observing plans and opportunities
• JWST status
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James Webb Space Telescope status
We have three months of schedule reserve to a launch date at the end of March 2021
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James Webb Space Telescope status
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Technical progress
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OTIS completed cryovac testing at JSC
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ISIM backside at NGAS : a radiator deployment test
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Aft sunshield UPS deployment
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Preparations for sunshield deployment test
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Diving board inspections
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James Webb Space Telescope status
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James Webb Space Telescope status
Flight control room during the Ground Segment test 2
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JWST is still planned for a March 2021 Launch
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Conclusions
• JWST is now planned for launch in 2021
• The instruments and optics (ISIM) have completed and passed their final test.
• There are no know technical issues. Aside for the complexity of the observatory and its consequent vulnerability to human errors.
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Lessons learned from JWST, HST/ACS, HST/WFC3, VLT
• Design and planning• Reuse with modifications doesn’t exist
• Reserves are important (time and money)• Any dollar not spent when needed, will cost 2-3 dollars in the future
• Materials are cheap, people are not – e.g. WFC3 pins• How does your mission cost compare to its weight in gold?
• Simplicity and common sense – e.g. ACS camera head, WFC3 UVIS channel
• When complexity is unavoidable• focus on interfaces and clear communications
• Lots of simple things put together are complex
• Develop a design reference mission
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Lessons learned from JWST, HST/ACS, HST/WFC3, etc
• Implementation• Hard parts are hard but simple things are also hard - e.g. thrusters
• It pays to have a system scientist i.e. the science analog of a system engineer, who worries about beginning to end science flow – e.g. VLT “Porsche” manager, LEP
• Balance between descopes and new requirements• System engineers can use the design reference mission to guide choices, assess mechanism
lifetime etc.
• When in doubt, document it
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E X P A N D I N G T H E F R O N T I E R S O F S P A C E A S T R O N O M Y