experience and lessons learned in … and lessons learned in addressing the challenges of training...

EXPERIENCE AND LESSONS LEARNED IN

ADDRESSING THE CHALLENGES OF

TRAINING IN KENYA

Presented

By

Mr. Lenard Menya Ong’onge

Chief Manager, Finance and Strategy

Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB)

To

TECHNICAL MEETING(TM) ON COOPERATION FOR HUMAN

RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AMONG EMBARKING AND EXPERIENCED

COUNTRIES

VENUE: VIENNA, AUSTRIA

DATE : 4th - 6th June 2013

KENYA FACTS

Africa comprises 54 countries as shown below and Kenya is a

sovereign state in East Africa

KENYA FACTS

• Kenya lies on the equator with the Indian Ocean to the south-east,

Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-

west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. The capital

is Nairobi.

• Kenya covers 581,309 km2 and has a population of about 43.5

million in early 2013.

• Kenya is administratively divided into 47 semi-autonomous counties

headed by Governors who were elected in the first general election

under the new Constitution in March 2013. The counties form the

first-order divisions of the country.

MAP OF KENYA SHOWING THE 47

COUNTIES

.

Ministry of Energy (MoE)

(energy policy matters)

Generation function Transmission and

Distribution

function -

KENYA POWER UETCL Imports

(<1%)

* - KenGen manages the Emergency Power Project (EPP) on behalf of the GoK ** - More Independent Power Producers (IPPs) expected in thermal, wind , solar and geothermal *** - GDC & KETRACO is 100% owned by GoK **** - REA was established to accelerate rural electrification and works with KPLC in implementing the rural programme

IPPs **

(~20% Inst. Cap)

Thermal

(187MW)

Geothermal

(~50 MW)

EPP *

(140 MW)

KenGen* (~ 80% Inst. Cap.)

Hydro

(761 MW)

Thermal

(259 MW) Wind

(5.3 MW)

Geothermal

(150 MW)

70% GoK & 30% Public

Energy Regulatory

Commission(ERC) (regulating energy sector)

Other IPPs

expected

Rural Electrification Authority (REA)****

POWER SUB-SECTOR INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

GDC KNEB KETRACO

100% Govt owned

KENYA DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY -

KENYA VISION 2030

• The country’s development agenda is anchored on the Kenya Vision

2030, which aims at creating “a globally competitive and prosperous

country with a high quality of life by 2030”.

• It aims to transform Kenya into “a newly industrialized, middle-income

country providing a high quality of life to all its citizens in a clean and

secure environment”.

• The Vision is anchored on three key pillars: economic, social and

political. Energy is a key foundation and one of the infrastructural

“enablers” upon which the economic, social and political pillars of this

long-term development strategy will be built.

IMPORTANCE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN

KENYA’S ENERGY MIX

• The critical need for nuclear energy is premised on the fact that, with the rising

demand for power in the country due to the accelerated investment in the economy, it

is one of the forms of energy that can produce enormous amounts of electricity at a

relatively economical cost. Kenya’s energy demand has been on a consistent rise in

recent years and it has become imperative to diversify the country’s energy sources to

meet this demand.

• Proposed projects under Kenya Vision 2030 are an ICT park, container terminal

,2nos.Standard gauge railway (Juba – Lamu and Mombasa – Nairobi –

Malaba,Kisumu), 2 nos. port including resort cities(Isiolo, Kilifi and Ukunda), Special

economic zones,I ron and steel smelting industry in Meru area and a Light rail for

Nairobi and suburbs

IMPORTANCE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN

KENYA’S ENERGY MIX

• The Ministry of Energy has proposed the use of nuclear energy for purposes of

electricity generation in the Draft National Energy Policy. The Least Cost Power

Development Plan (‘LCPDP’) has also recognized the need for inclusion of nuclear

energy in Kenya’s energy mix. The Least Cost Power Development Plan (LCPDP)

forecasts that the country’s peak electricity demand shall stand at over 16,905MW by

2031 requiring an installed capacity of 21,620MW electricity for industrial,

commercial and household use.

• According to the LCPDP the first nuclear power plant of 1,000 MW is expected to

be commissioned in the year 2022.

IMPORTANCE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

IN KENYA’S ENERGY MIX

Power Supply Mix for Kenya's System in 2031 as per

LCPDP - MW

5 040

2 400

2 340 1 440

1 500

4 000

2 000

140

GEOT

COAL

GAS TURBINE

MEDIUM SPEED DIESEL

WIND

NUCL

IMPORT

HYDRO

Peak Power Demand Projection for Kenya (MW)

0

2 000

4 000

6 000

8 000

10 000

12 000

14 000

16 000

18 0002

01

0

20

11

20

12

20

13

20

14

20

15

20

16

20

17

20

18

20

19

20

20

20

21

20

22

20

23

20

24

20

25

20

26

20

27

20

28

20

29

20

30

20

31

Source: Least Cost Power Development Plan 2011/2031

1st Nuclear Power plant ~

1000MW

Peak: 16,905MW Installed Capacity: 21,620MW

KENYA NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME

• The Nuclear Electricity Project committee (NEPC) was established vide

The Kenya Gazette Vol. CXII-No.123, Gazette Notice No. 14188 on the

19th November 2010 and mandate to drive the nuclear energy roadmap for

Kenya. NEPC is tasked with spearheading and fast tracking development of

nuclear electricity in order to enhance the production of affordable and

reliable electricity generation process.

• NEPC was transformed into the Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board

(KNEB) in November 2012. KNEB was established as a statutory body

through Legal Notice No. 131 issued under the State Corporations Act,

Cap 446 of the Laws of Kenya.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED CAPACITY

BUILDING PROGRAMME

• To develop an adequate amount of qualified personnel necessary for the

nuclear power programme.

• To ensure manpower availability at the proper time.

• To ensure sufficient time for proper training.

• To ensure that the programme promotes the improvement of the overall

national educational, technological and industrial infrastructures.

• To make effective and efficient use of all available national training

opportunities.

• To ensure manpower retention.

KEY CAPACITY BUILDING

ACTIVITIES/UNDERTAKINGS FOR KENYA’S

NUCLEAR POWER PROGRAMME

i. Review of existing nuclear disciplines in the universities

ii. Introduction of appropriate nuclear disciplines in universities

iii. Introduction of nuclear energy related courses in the education syllabus at

all levels: Basic, teacher education, special needs education, post-school,

technical, business education, Non Formal Education (NFE) and Adult and

Continuing Education (ACE). To socialize learners and create interest in

the nuclear field. For this to be effective, support systems must be in place

including; curriculum, teachers and supporting materials, including

equipment.




v. Pursue capacity building with international partners under the bilateral and

multilateral relationships with governments, regulatory agencies, vendors,

utilities, educational institutions and others, which allow for placements and

staff ‘swapping’. Some proposed international institutions to partner with

include KINGS(Korea), Texas A & M University (US), International School

of Nuclear Law (ISNL in France) etc

vi. Continue participating in IAEA organized programmes under all relevant

disciplines

vii. Seek more funding allocation to support capacity building requirement for

the nuclear power programme.




viii. Continue the post graduate formal training in core nuclear related

subjects and also initiate the undergraduate education in nuclear

energy, both locally and internationally.

ix. Establishment of nuclear research institute(s)

x. Procurement of a nuclear research/training reactor

KNEB CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES

1) Scholarships - Graduate Training

The Kenyan Government through the Kenya Nuclear Electricity Board (KNEB)

launched a training programme targeting young Kenyans to be trained in various

areas of study related to nuclear science and engineering. The Government has

sponsored 30 Kenyans (2011 & 2013) to study MSc in Nuclear Science at the

Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Nairobi. The Government

under a partnership agreement with the Government of South Korea has also

sponsored 11 Kenyans to study Nuclear Engineering at graduate level at the KEPCO

International Nuclear Graduate School (KINGS), South Korea.

CURRENT CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES

2) IAEA Fellowships and Study Visits

IAEA International Cooperation Project KEN2005

The IAEA Technical Cooperation Project (TCP) titled ‘Building Capacity for

the Implementation of a Nuclear Power Programme by Developing Human

Resources, Institutional Capacity and the Legal and Regulatory Framework is

currently running. Under this project 29 staff and stakeholders were trained

through fellowship for the year 2012/2013 at Texas A & M University. The 2nd

group of 20 has already travelled to USA for a similar one month training

commencing on 4th June 2013 at TAMU. KNEB is also involved in development

of a new IAEA TC Project for 2014-2016

KNEB has also organized study visits to various nuclear active countries

including France, Korea, USA, China, South Africa, Japan among others

CURRENT CAPACITY BUILDING ACTIVITIES

3) Local & International Training

Various local and international trainings covering varied aspects of nuclear electricity

including safety, security and safeguard of NPP, nuclear law, legislative assistance and

drafting, regulation of nuclear electricity industry amongst others have already taken

place. A number of trainings (both local & international) have been attended by the

members of the NEP Committee and staff.

4) Development of Collaborative Programmes

KNEB seeks to enter into collaborative programmes with various countries, international

and national organizations, academic institutions and other relevant institutions within

and outside Kenya on nuclear electricity programme. Currently KNEB is drawing and

executing MoUs and Agreements with various nuclear electricity affiliates and interest

groups both locally and internationally.

PARTICIPANTS OF THE FELLOWSHIP

TEXAS A & M UNIVERSITY(TAMU)-USA

A team of 29 public sector officials embarked on a one (1) month training through an

IAEA fellowship between 9th July and 7th August 2012 at the Texas A & M

University, United States of America. The training was part of a broader capacity

building process established under the IAEA Technical Cooperation Project,

KEN2005, titled “Building Capacity for the Implementation of a Nuclear Power

Programme by Developing Human Resources, Institutional Capacity and the Legal

and Regulatory Framework”.

Participants were drawn from a wide spectrum of relevant institutions that are

expected to play crucial roles in Kenya’s nuclear power programme.

Participants disciplines included Engineering, Sciences, Communication, Human

Resource, Finance, Economics and Legal

OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING AT


The training objectives were set out from the start and it was expected that at

the end of the workshop, the participants would be able to:

Understand basic nuclear power plant systems, operations and safety culture

Describe the Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Appreciate the prime importance of radiation protection, radioactive waste

management and environmental issues, safeguards, security and non-

proliferation

Articulate broader policy subjects such as regulatory and human resource

development, stakeholder involvement and public communications

Understand procurement procedures and financing issues in the nuclear industry

THE CAPACITY BUILDING FELLOWSHIP AT –


Major topics included introduction to nuclear physics, thermal hydraulics,

nuclear economics, fuel cycle, radiation protection at a nuclear power plant,

nuclear power plants organization, nuclear safety culture, nuclear security,

nuclear fuels and materials, nuclear kinetics, Economics of large verses Small

modular reactors (SMRs), electrical grid, non-proliferation, and nuclear

regulation. Other areas included disaster risk management, spent fuel

management and decommissioning of nuclear plants among others. The training

was conducted using a wide variety of methods including plenary presentation

by lecturers, material hand-outs, group work, field visits, simulations, and

laboratory work

KEY LESSONS FROM THE


i. Review of the capacity proposed of 1000MW in consideration of grid, SMR’s

could be an option.

ii. capacity expansion of the current skills including establishment of a

specialized energy institute

iii. Universities disciplines in Kenya need to adjusted to provide nuclear

conversion courses for engineers.

iv. Stakeholder involvement needs to key at this formative stage

v. Initiation of sustainability programs (outreach, apprenticeship, school-based

programmes etc

KEY LESSONS FROM THE


vi. Review of the financing options as the country considers nuclear. (SPV) may

need to be created for this purpose

vii. Clear emphasis on safety and security as well as international obligations

particularly THOSE RELATING TO NON-PROLIFERATION

viii. Need to undertake a capacity audit in the country and sound out all expertise

in the diaspora as Kenya considers nuclear power capacity building and

mobilization

ix. Need to collaborate with experienced institutions and countries to acquire

relevant facilities including a research reactor or training reactor.

LESSONS ON CAPACITY BUILDING FROM

THE FELLOWSHIP AT TAMU-USA

• Nuclear Industry is knowledge intensive; hence as a country, Kenya needs to

focus on training people on all facets of nuclear power generation and

implementation soonest. The training of nuclear power personnel should be

relevant and should aim at creating double competencies for redundancy and

also have refresher courses to guarantee competency of the staff and training on

human resource development, research and development.

• Need for a long term relationship with TAMU and other training institutions to

train people in various competencies (both short and long training programs),

relevant for the support of Kenya’s nuclear power programme.

LESSONS ON CAPACITY BUILDING FROM

THE FELLOWSHIP AT TAMU-USA

• Establishment of local nuclear training and research institutes is critical to

ensure training of critical mass in all relevant disciplines. The standards

in these institutions must be comparable to the best in the world.

• Set up programmes targeting young people to enhance interest in

sciences, and more so nuclear.

• The public must be engaged in the nuclear programme, for accurate

information sharing and public ownership. Special emphasis on

communities within the sites proposed and those chosen.

STRATEGIES FOR CAPACITY BUILDING

• Establishing bilateral and multilateral relationships with governments, regulatory

agencies, vendors, utilities, educational institutions and others, which allow for

placements and staff ‘swapping’

• IAEA training courses, fellowships and internships

• Formal courses of overseas study (e.g. vocational, undergraduate and postgraduate

programmes, which may include industry assignments) and training (directly with

utilities/national nuclear training organizations);

• Building staff training and development assignments into potential contracts with

vendors, consultants, service providers, etc.;

• Developing ‘strategic alliances’ with vendors/equipment suppliers whereby national

organizations obtain licenses to manufacture components in-country, which can

include training and qualification in the country of origin

FUNDING PROPOSALS FOR THE CAPACITY

BUILDING ACTIVITIES

Government of Kenya through the KNEB

Bilateral and Multilateral partnerships

Stakeholder institutions funding participants

IAEA -through fellowships, courses, expert missions, workshops etc

TCP Project

- Peaceful Uses Initiative

MAJOR CHALLENGES IN HUMAN RESOURCE

DEVELOPMENT

a) Lack of Experience in Nuclear Human Resource Development

• Kenya is approaching the development of its first commercial scale nuclear

power project from a point of zero experience in terms of training and

development of staff for the nuclear industry. Although Kenya has universities

with a history of training scientists and an institute dedicated to nuclear

sciences, the idea of developing capacity and skills to implement a

commercial scale nuclear power project will present a challenge that has never

been experienced before .

MAJOR CHALLENGES IN HUMAN RESOURCE

DEVELOPMENT

b. Lack of institutional capacity

Kenya lacks a strong institutions such as a competent nuclear regulator to support

the training of nuclear specialists. Such institutions need to be established, staffed

and provided with the necessary financial resources to acquire equipment,

facilities and other resources necessary to enable them to function.

c. Financial and Other Key Resources

The human resource development programme will require significant sums of

money to ensure its success. Financial resources will be required to establish and

staff a wide array of institutions and programs in a very short time, and to attract

a large cadre of expatriates’ expertise to occupy senior positions in a number of

key institutions.

Thank You

Questions ?

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