experience with ghs implementation in new zealand ghs stocktaking workshop for southeast, east, and...
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EXPERIENCE WITH GHS IMPLEMENTATION IN NEW ZEALAND
GHS Stocktaking Workshop for Southeast, East, and Central Asia
Beijing15 – 17 September 2010
Dr Peter Dawson
Principal Scientist, Hazardous Substances
Environmental Risk Management Authority
(ERMA New Zealand)
OUTLINE
HSNO Act and Regulations
Implementation of the UN GHS
Revision of GHS implementing regulations
Issues with implementation
Solutions?
HSNO Act 1996
Hazardous Substances & New Organisms Act
New Organisms1998
New hazardous substances July 2001
Existing hazardous substances July 2001 – July 2006
All hazardous substances in all sectors (except transport) regulated in NZ by HSNO Act
(Transport regulations based on UNRTDG, IMDG, ICAO)
HSNO Act 1996
PurposeTo protect the environment and the health & safety of people & communities by preventing or managing the adverse effects of
hazardous substances & new organisms
‘Cradle to Grave’ approach
setting controls on how substances are classified,
contained, labeled, stored, used, transported
or disposed of
Combined Environmental and OHS Legislation
Link of HSNO Purpose to SAICM
Link to UN SAICM (Strategic Approach to International Chemical Management)
- “..to achieve, by 2020, that chemicals are produced and used in ways that lead to the minimisation of significant adverse effects on human health and the environment.”
The HSNO System
HSNO Act
Threshold Regulations
Classification Regulations
Controls Regulations
Property controls Regulations s140Life cycle controls
Is it hazardous?
How hazardous is it?
What do I need to do to manage the
risk?
Is it hazardous?
• A substance is hazardous under the HSNO Act if it exceeds the regulatory threshold for one or more of the following (GHS) properties:
Explosiveness
Flammability
Ability to oxidise
Corrosiveness (metallic and biological)
Toxicity (including chronic toxicity)
Ecotoxicity
Is it hazardous?
• The thresholds are based on the UN GHS (Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals)
• Set out in the threshold regulations -Hazardous Substances (Minimum Degrees of Hazard) Regulations 2001
• http://www.legislation.govt.nz
How hazardous is it?
• Hazardous Substances (Classification) Regulations 2001
• http://www.legislation.govt.nz
• Sets out classes and subclasses for each hazardous property based on GHS criteria
• Currently follows draft GHS criteria from 1999
• All GHS classification categories adopted
• Revision process to align with GHS 2009 underway
Hazard Classification under HSNO
Classification framework has some additions to GHS• Ecotoxicity (class 9) includes soil, terrestrial
vertebrate and invertebrate ecotoxicity - based largely on US EPA criteria
Guidance on classification – data requirements, mixture rules, etc, given in ERMA User Guide to HSNO Thresholds and Classifications
http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/resources/publications/pdfs/ER-UG-03-1.pdf
Features of NZ Classification Regulations
Creates a classification coding system based on UNRTDG numbering:
• Hazardous property - Class eg. Class 6 - toxicity• Subclass number eg. 6.1 – acute toxicity• Hazard category eg. A – LD50 5mg/kgCombination of the class, subclass and category constitutes a
hazard classification eg. 6.1A (very acutely toxic) = GHS acute toxicity Category 1
Correlation between HSNO and GHS hazard categories provided at:
http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/resources/publications/pdfs/GHS%20and%20NZ%20HSNO%20HAZARD%20CLASSES%20AND%20CATEGORIES.pdf
Revision exercise will clarify how HSNO codes equate to GHS categories
Physical Hazard ClassificationsProperty Explosiveness Flammability Capacity to oxidise
Class Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Subclass 1.1 Mass
explosion
1.2 Projection
1.3 Fire & minor blast
1.4 No
significant hazard
1.5 Very
insensitive
1.6 Extremely insensitive
2.1.1 Gases
2.1.2 Aerosols
3.1 Liquids
3.2 Liquid
Desensitised explosive
4.1.1 Readily
combustible
4.1.2 Self
reactive
4.1.3 Desensitised
explosive
4.2 Spontaneously
combustible
4.3 Dangerous
when wet
5.1.1 Liquids /solids
5.1.2 Gases
5.2 Organic peroxide
Hazard
Classification 1.1A 2.1.1A 2.1.2A 3.1A 3.2A 4.1.1A 4.1.2A 4.1.3A 4.2A 4.3A 5.1.1A 5.1.2A 5.2A
1.1B 1.2B 1.4B 2.1.1B 3.1B 3.2B 4.1.1B 4.1.2B 4.1.3B 4.2B 4.3B 5.1.1B 5.2B
1.1C 1.2C 1.3C 1.4C 3.1C 3.2C 4.1.2C 4.1.3C 4.2C 4.3C 5.1.1C 5.2C
1.1D 1.2D 1.4D 1.5D 3.1D 4.1.2D 5.2D
1.1E 1.2E 1.4E 4.1.2E 5.2E
1.1F 1.2F 1.3F 1.4F 4.1.2F 5.2F
1.1G 1.2G 1.3G 1.4G 4.1.2G 5.2G
1.2H 1.3H
1.1J 1.2J 1.3J
1.2K 1.3K
1.1L 1.2L 1.3L
1.6N
1.4S
Biological Hazard ClassificationsProperty Toxicity Corrosiveness Ecotoxicity
Class Class 6 Class 8 Class 9 Sub-Class 6.1
Acutely toxic
6.3 Skin
irritant
6.4 Eye
irritant
6.5 Sensitisation
6.6 Mutagen
6.7 Carcinogen
6.8 Reproductive / developmental
6.9 Target organ
systemic
8 1 Metallic
corrosive
8.2 Skin
corrosive
8.3 Eye
corrosive
9.1 Aquatic
9.2 Soil
9.3 Terrestrial Vertebrate
9.4 Terrestrial
Invertebrate
Hazard Classification 6.1 A
6.3A 6.4A 6.5 A
6.6 A
6.7 A
6.8 A
6.9 A
8.1A 8.2 A
8.3 A
9.1 A
9.2 A
9.3 A
9.4 A
6.1 B
6.3B 6.5 B
6.6 B
6.7 B
6.8 B
6.9 B
8.2 B
9.1 B
9.2 B
9.3 B
9.4 B
6.1 C
6.8 C
8.2 C
9.1 C
9.2 C
9.3 C
9.4 C
6.1 D
9.1 D
9.2 D
6.1E
Classification of Chemicals
Hazard classification data for 5400 chemicals can be found on the ERMA New Zealand Chemicals Classification Information Database (CCID)http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/hs/compliance/chemicals.html
Available on the OECD’s eChemPortalhttp://webnet3.oecd.org/echemportal/Home.aspx
Published classifications
Dangerous Goods and Scheduled Toxic Substances Transfer Notice 2004
http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/resources/publications/pdfs/consolidatedGN35and128.pdf
~ 660 chemicals Chemicals Transfer Notice 2006
http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/resources/publications/pdfs/gn72june06.pdf
~ 5000 chemicals (~500 pesticide, vet met actives)
Classifications & controls
Classifications are ‘tools’ linking a substance and its hazardous properties to the appropriate level of controls
Controls are performance based• Say what must be achieved, not how to achieve it• Provide flexibility in ‘how’ to meet requirement
For hazard communication• GHS label elements can be used but are not mandatory• GHS safety data sheet criteria can be used but not mandatory• Not in accord with ‘building block’ approach but need to accept
overseas labelled products from non-GHS countries• May revise as GHS implementation overseas progresses
Capacity Building Initiatives
Workshops/training programmes for enforcement officers and advisors
Seminars/workshops for industry, including in Australia
Guidance documents, codes of practice developed by ERMA and industry
NZCIC (Responsible Care) developed electronic compliance tool
Industry associations/regulatory agencies fully engaged, SMEs/workforce level less so
Need for capacity building at worker/public level
22
Revision of Threshold and Classification Regs
Issued in May 2001
Based on proposals for GHS in 1999 and UNRTDG 11th Ed., 1999
Never amended since
GHS published in 2003, 1st Rev. 2005, 2nd Rev. 2007, 3rd Rev. July 2009
UNRTDG 16th Ed. 2009
23
Revision of Threshold and Classification Regs
Update to reflect ‘current’ (2009) form of GHS in a manner consistent with adoption by overseas jurisdictions:
• European Union
• Australia
• China
• USA
Issues with implementation
Classification Classification of mixtures when no mixture test data
and lack of data available on components Lack of data available consistent with GHS endpoints
• NZ reliant on overseas data generated to existing criteria such as EU R-phrases
• Difficult to determine if hazard threshold crossed for some chronic toxicity endpoints because of absence of data
Evaluation of data quality/applicability• Variation in data available for a chemical• ‘Expert judgment’, ‘weight of evidence’ – consistent application
between countries/jurisdictions? Shortage of ‘experts’ No harmonised international list of GHS classified
substances
Issues with implementation
Hazard communication Dual system GHS/non-GHS labelling accepted
• Recognises NZ implementation of GHS is “ahead of other countries”
• Removes the need for relabelling
• Minimises compliance costs
Hazard based labelling versus risk based labelling – particularly for labelling of consumer products and pesticides
Issues with implementation
Solutions? Guidance on classification – particularly mixtures (in
preparation)• Sector specific guidance eg. IPIECA for petroleum products
Guidance on criteria for evaluating data quality/applicability
Development of repository of GHS compatible data – OECD Global Portal?
Global database of GHS classified substances?OECD survey of Rotterdam chemicals, SCEGHS survey of
approach to lists, China/Japan/South Korea cooperation Guidance in application of building block approach to
different sectors Guidance on hazard vs risk based labelling
• APEC project on application of GHS to consumer products
ERMA New Zealand
Contact details
www.ermanz.govt.nz
