experience wood: empppowered to experiment - … · experience wood: empppowered to experiment ......

Experience Wood:Empowered to Experimentp p

Barbara BellInnovation Support Specialist

David FellResearch Leader

“The Wood Products Council” isa Registered Provider with TheAmerican Institute of Architects

This course is registered withAIA CES for continuingprofessional education. As

Continuing Education Systems(AIA/CES), Provider #G516.

such, it does not includecontent that may be deemedor construed to be anapproval or endorsement by

Credit(s) earned on completionof this course will be reported toAIA CES for AIA members

the AIA of any material ofconstruction or any method ormanner ofhandling, using, distributing,AIA CES for AIA members.

Certificates of Completion forboth AIA members and non AIAmembers are available uponrequest

or dealing in any material orproduct.___________________________________________request.Questions related to specific materials,methods, and services will be addressedat the conclusion of this presentation.

Course Description

The use of wood as a finishing materialcreates a special connection between thebuilding and its occupants due to itsbiological context and natural variability.The visual, auditory, tactile and olfactoryexperiences is rooted in the way trees grow.Examining the “experience of wood” from ascientific perspective, this session willprovide a guide to the use of wood basedfinishes on attributes such as hardness,reflectance of visual surfaces, grainpatterns, light conditioning, acoustics, color,humidity control, and more.

Learning Objectives

1. Examine the connection between wood’s anatomy and theh i l dit t til d lf t i f dhuman visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory experience of woodapplied in buildings.

2 Consider how lumber veneer and panel grades can yield very2. Consider how lumber, veneer and panel grades can yield verydifferent visual effects.

3. Apply technical information on wood species to the finishingstrategies of building projects.

4. Discuss case study examples where the knowledge of woody p ganatomy has translated into notable building design.

Experience Wood:Empowered to Experimentp p

Have you every really looked at Wood?

Building View


Grain and color contribute to buildings


Grain and color happen at the microscopic level

Overview

1. Inspirationp

2. Understanding

3 A li ti3. Application

I i tiInspiration

Inspiration – History

2000190015002500BC4500BC7000BC

Inspiration – Design

Inspiration Environment

Resurgence in wood because of carbon story

Inspiration – Human Interaction

Inspiration – Visual

Wood is a preferred visual material bothcognitively and psychophysiologically.g y p y p y g y

Japanese study (Tsunetsuga et al 2007)Japanese study (Tsunetsuga et al. 2007)• Subjects preferred 45% room• Blood pressure and heart rate lowest in 90%

roomroom

Austrian Classroom Study (Keltz et al., 2011)• Over the course of a year students with woodOver the course of a year students with wood

furniture has greater stress lowering responsethan students with non wood desks

Inspiration – Visual wooddreduces stress

Test (15 min.) Baseline (10 min.) Recovery (10 min.)

Stress activation (SCL) Stress responses per minute (SCR)

Acute stressApprehension stress Recovery

But wood is variable…

Stress activation Physiological

Healthy – Self report (Cognitive)

Natural Self report (Cognitive)

Warm Self report (Cognitive)

Inspiration – Tactile

Inspiration – Tactile

Wood tactile responseproduced no increase insystolic blood pressureAcrylic surfaceAcrylic surface

• Raised BP when roomcold

Al min mAluminum• Raised BP at roomtemperature and whencold

Inspiration – Olfactory

Cedar

Stepinit Design

Inspiration – Olfactory

Shinrin yoku Forest BathingJapan, Korea, California

– alpha pinenealpha pinene(bronchodialator, antiinflamatory, antibiotic,memory, attention deficitdisorder)disorder)

Inspiration – Auditory Sound Dampening

Perforations, revealsor slats, acoustic,backing

Inspiration – Auditory

Sound Reflection – auditoriums, conference hallsSound Reflection auditoriums, conference halls

Material NRC

Steel .00 .10

Concrete .00 .05

G 05Gypsum .05

Wood .05 1.5

Plywood .10 1.5

Cork .10 1.5

Inspiration – Auditory

Tonewood

Inspiration Health

Stress reduction found:• Office study (Canada)• Home studies (Japan)• School study (Austria)

Inspiration Health

Moisture buffering• Used extensively in interiors, wood acts as a passive

humidifier/air conditioner and can cut down on ventilation/costs

• Reduction of peak moisture loads by 10 25%• End grain permeable finishes• End grain, permeable finishes• CLT

Inspiration Health

Shock Absorptionp

R d b d f ti• Reduces body fatigueby dissipating force

• Floors can be ‘sprung’for added flexibility

U d t di dUnderstanding wood

Wood was already a structure

Understanding ANISOTROPIC

Understanding – Wood Anatomy

Understanding Grain

Understanding – Grain (Flat Grain)

Understanding – Grain (Edge Grain)

Grain macro Grain Effect in use

Understanding – Grain (End Grain)

Understanding – Grain

Hardwoods

Understanding Grain

Oak is ring porousg

Red Alder is diffuse porousp

Understanding

Veneer• More stable than solid wood for large flat areas, more economical,uses fine woods more judiciously

• Cannot be refinished• Rotary or sliced makes for different grain patterns

Rotary Cut

Quarter slicedFlat sliced Quarter sliced

Understanding

Veneer• Veneers can be arranged in many ways

The Basics

Understanding

Veneer• Veneers can be arranged in many ways

Pushing the MaterialPushing the Material

Understanding – Color in Wood

Colour• Heartwood and sapwood• Color sorting• DurabilityDurability

Understanding – Color in Wood0 +100

Mean = 67.3

rch

der

pen

as fi

r

aple

oak

lock

birc

h

is fi

r

pine

rack e fir

aple

Range=26.7Low= 57.0 High=83.7

Wes

tern

la

red

ald

Asp

Dou

gla

broa

dlea

f ma

red

Wes

tern

hem

Whi

te b

amab

ili

lodg

epol

e p

tam

ar

suba

lpin

suga

r ma

-100 +100 0

Mean = 11.6Range=16.4Low= 2.9

-100 +100

Mean = 29.4Range=11.4Low= 23 0

e bi

rch

High= 19.3

Asp

en

alde

r

glas

fir

map

le

ed o

ak

mlo

ck

bilis

fir

e pi

ne

mar

ack

pine

fir

map

le

larc

h

Low 23.0High= 34.4

Asp

en

d al

der

ugla

s fir

f map

le

red

oak

hem

lock

te b

irch

abili

s fir

ole

pine

mar

ack

lpin

e fir

r map

le

n la

rch

Whi

teA

red

a

Dou

g

broa

dlea

f m re

Wes

tern

hem

amab

lodg

epol

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tam

suba

lp

suga

r m

Wes

tern

red

Dou

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dlea

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Wes

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Whi

t

ama

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epota

suba

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r

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tern

Understanding – Visual

Photosensitivity

Have you every really looked at Wood?Building View

Understanding –Surface Reflectance

Understanding – Divergent Features /Character wood

Understanding Hardness

Hardness:Janka test

Species Janka Rating

Sugar maple 6400

White oak 6000

Black walnut 4500

Red Alder 2490

White pine 1700

Understanding – Moisture Relations

• Shrinkage along the radial and tangential axis shouldb d d hil l i di l ibe accommodated while longitudinal movement isnegligible

• Tangential shrinkage is always greater than radial• The lower the ratio the better

Understanding – Moisture Relations

Species Tangential % Radial % T/R ratio Volumetric %

Red Alder 7.3 4.4 1.6 12.6

Western Redcedar

5.0 2.4 2.1 6.8

White oak 10.5 5.6 1.9 16.3

A li tiApplication

Durability

by Natureby Treatmentby Treatmentby Design

Application Durability by Nature

• HardnessFlooring, stairs, mouldings and millworkJanka ratings for species choiceEdge grain over flat grain for flooringEdge grain over flat grain for flooring


• Hardness endgrain


• Strength• Hardness• Movement• DurabilityDurability

Application – Durability by Treatment

• Finish SelectionWear resistanceChemical resistanceH d iHardeningReparabilityAdhesionUV resistance

Application Durability by Treatment

• Impregnated WoodImproving hardnessImproving hardnessAcrylic resinAgricultural protein(corn or soy)

Paint Body

(corn or soy)

• Thermally Modified Wood• Baked at 160 245Baked at 160 245• Stable, brown in colour,

decay resistancecomparable to westerncomparable to westernred cedar

Application Durability by Treatment

Charred woodPaint Body

Charred wood

Application – Durability by Design

• Design for Movement• Design for Movement

Allow for movement– Slotted screwsSlotted screws– Frame and panel

Disguise the effects of movementDisguise the effects of movement– Bevelled doors– Tongue and groove panelling– Table top revealTable top reveal

Use Wood Strategically– Climate controlled spacesp– Panel products

Application Durability by Design

D i f W• Design for Wear

Chair rails and wainscotingRounded edges and cornersLanding in entranceBaseboard detailsUse pattern and texture to ‘hide’ wear andtear


D i t Di i W• Design to Disguise Wear

Use pattern and texture to ‘hide’ wear andptear


D i t Di i W

Alain Wong, ComodoDesign office, Hong

• Design to Disguise Wear Kong.


D i t Di i W• Design to Disguise Wear


• Design for Avoiding Wear

Ceilings– Tray ceilings, coffers, hung systems, slats

Walls– Paneling, wainscoting, chair rails, crownmoldings, beamsAdd ti d h idit t l– Add acoustics and humidity control

Window TreatmentsWood blinds shutters– Wood blinds, shutters

– Casts amber glow, UV absorptive

Durability by designApplication Durability by Design


Assemble StudioAssemble Studio,Melbourne.Joachim HollandDesigner.

Durability by designApplication Durability by Design


Photo: UBC Life SciencesPhoto: UBC Computer Engineering


• Design forDesign forCleanability

Gloss finish

Paint Body

Gloss finishAvoid voidsAvoid flat surfaceswhere water canpool


• Design for the occupants

Faculty ofyForestry, UBC.


Design for Longevity

• Create and• Create andemotionalconnection


Design for Longevity

• Design a space• Design a spaceto evolve


• Design for Longevity

Creative use of forestCreative use of forest‘waste’


D i f R i R l t• Design for Repair or Replacement

l lBrisco Fine line stair application

Application – Case StudiesVancouver Trade and Convention Centre, Vancouver BC. Designed byLMN Architects, fabricated by Island Precision Millwork, 2009.

Application – Case Studies

Xthum Kwantlen,Kwantlen PolytechnicUniversity, Surrey BC.Design by Public Design,fabricated by PacificWoodworking, 2008.

Application – Case Studies

Ob kki St P i t f P h C t d i dObakki Store Point of Purchase Counter, designedby Brent Comber and Mcfarlane, Green and BiggarArchitects, 2009.

Q ti ?Questions?

This concludes The AmericanInstitute of Architects ContinuingEducation Systems Course

Barbara BellFPI ti

David FellFPI tiFPInnovations

[email protected]@fpinnovations.ca

This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded byWoodWorks or the softwood lumber check offWoodWorks or the softwood lumber check off.

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