experiences from demonstrations & pilots: -sleipner and more · 2007. 11. 28. · sleipner t...
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SBSTA-24 In-session Workshop onCO2 Capture and Storage,Bonn 20 May 2006.
Experiences from Demonstrations & Pilots: - SLEIPNER and more
Tore A Torp, Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim, Norway
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”Experiences and lessons learned from Demonstrations and Pilot projects – CO2 Storage
CONTENT:
•“Low Carbon Diet”
• Industrial Experiences with CO2
• Sleipner, In Salah, K12B, Ketzin, Snohvit and ???
• What will Authorities and Public demand?
• VISION and Way forward?
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Sleipner CO2-injeksjon:
- Besluttet i 1992- I drift siden 1996- 1 million tonn CO2/år
Time Magazine,17. Mai 2004
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Previous Experiences with CO2 & Injection
•Enhanced Oil Recovery (Texas, Hungary, Turkey, Brazil,Croatia)
•Natural gas cleaning
•Transport – Pipelines & Ships
•Natural gas re-injection
•Natural gas underground storage
and
• Beer & soft drinks, dry cleaning, food packaging – Every day life
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Yara CO2-tankers, 1500 m3 capacity
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The Sleipner field – CO2 Treatment and Injection
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The Utsira Formation
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CO2 Injection Well in "Utsira"
Sleipner A
Sleipner T
Utsir aFor mation
Heimdal Formation
Sleipner ØstProduction and Injection W ells
CO 2
CO 2 Injection W ell1000m
2000m
2500m
0
500m
1500m
1000m0 500m 1500m
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StatoilBPExxonMobilTotalFinaElfNorsk HydroVattenfall
BGSBRGMGEUS
IFPNITG-TNO
SINTEF
IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D ProgrammeSchlumberger Research
NO, DK, NL, FR & UK Authorities
SALINE AQUIFER CO2 STORAGE PROJECT
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3D Seismic surveys at Sleipner
1999 20011996
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Simulated picture of the distribution of CO2 after three years.Radius of largest bubble 800 m and the total plume 200 m high.Ref: SINTEF Petroleum 2001
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SACS Project 1998-2002
WHAT WE DID ACHIEVE:
• 3D Seismic proven, Gravimetry tested • Reservoir simulation tools partly proven • Geology and Geochemistry of “Utsira” mapped• Reason to expect the CO2 to stay for thousands of years
DOCUMENTATION• “SACS Best Practice Manual, 1.version.”• Download from www.co2store.org, see page “SACS”.
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Demonstration K12-B
Operator:Gaz de France PRODUCTION NEDERLAND B.V.
Injection of CO2
In a depleted gas field
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Snøhvit, the next field to implement CO2 storage
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Snøhvit – All subsea
160 kmDepth: 330 m
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Towards Large Scale Implementation? T
R
U
S
T
C
O
ST
Storage
Capture
OK!Transport - Pipeline - Ship
SACS CASTOR-S
CO2STORE
CO2SINK
CO2ReMoVe
DYNAMIS
ENCAP
CASTOR-C Hypogen Coal?
Hypogen Gas?
2006
CO2NET
GESTCO
CCP GraceCACHET
GeoCapacity Hypogen Storage?
DYNAMIS
NASCENT
ULCOS
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Demonstrations of CO2 storage
SLEIPNER SNØHVIT
WEYBURN
IN SALAH
GORGONK12BSource: IEA GHG
FRIO BRINE
KETZIN
Nagaoka
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Trapping and Leakage
Trapping Mechanisms
•Containment
•Micro-pore trapping
•Dissolution in water
•Mineral binding
Leakage ways?
•WELLS
•Faults/Cracks
•Underground mobility
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Environmental impacts
Main potential LOCAL impacts:
• Humans and animals – if concentrated
• Plants – if in root systems
• Soil
• Sea bottom – More R&D!
Natural analogues:
• Natural CO2 seeps (vulcanoes)
• Under sea vents
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What will the Authorities demand?
•Access rights and Licence
•Site characterisation and Plan
•Monitoring & Verification
•Reporting to UNFCC and ETS
•Remediation?
•Decommissioning and ”Hand shake”
•Monitoring until “stability”?
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What will the Public demand?
•Safe operation
•No leakage
•Monitoring & Verification in full openness
•Acceptance from UNFCC and ETS
•Long term stability
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Need two legs to walk !
Reduce capture COST:
•Technologies exists
•Another chemical factory
•Extra investment and
energy consumption
•Costs too high for industry
NEED NEW TECHNOLOGY
Build TRUST in storage:
•Is it staying there long enough?
•Experience and large scale demo
•Experience from EOR and storage
•Oil&gas methods and tools works
•Geology varies from site to site
MORE DEMO SITES
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Lars Strömberg Vattenfall AB 2001
Schwarze Pumpe 2 x 900 MW Lignite fired Power Plant
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TJELDBERGODDEN- Statoil & Shell industrial realization
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K12B Gas Field (Gaz de France, The Netherlands)
Single well compartment
CO2 injector & gas producer
• Gasfield in Rotliengen clastics, offshore• Depth: 3500-4000 m• High temperature: 128 °C, low pressure: 40 bars• Small-scale injection test: 20 000 t/year
in mid-2004• 480 000 t/year in 2006, 8 Mt total
Amsterdam
K12-B