experimental designs. between- / within-subjects between-subjects design each partcipant takes part...
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Experimental designs
Between- / Within-subjects
Between-subjects design Each partcipant takes part in 1 experimental
condition Analysis of differences between groups of
participants from different conditions Within-subjects design
Subjects take part in all conditions Analysis of differences of results from same
participants over different conditions
Experimental research as conclusive research
ConclusiveResearch
Descriptive Causal
Experimentation
Field Experiments
LaboratoryExperiments
Preexperimental designs
One-Group After-Only
One-Group Before-After
Nonequivalent posttest-only
X Y
X Y2Y1
X Y1
Y2
Validity in experimentation
Internal validity Is effect CAUSED by manipulation of independent
variable? Rival hypothesis / extraneous variables
External validity Generalization beyond experimental situation
Randomized Two-Group Design
X1
X2
Y1
Y2
R
Before-After Two Group Design
X1
X2
Y12
Y22
R
Y11
Y21
Solomon Four-Group Design
X1
X2
Y12
Y22
R
Y11
Y21
X1
X2
Y32
Y42
22 Factorial Design
X11
X11
Y1
Y2
RX12
X12
Y3
Y4
X21
X22
X21
X22
Repeated Measures
X1 Y11 Y12
R
X2
Y21 Y22X2 X1
Static-Group Comparison Design
X
not X
Y1
Y2
X1
X2
Y1
Y2
X3 Y3
Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Control Group Design
X1 Y2
Y4
Y1
Y3
X1
X2
Y1
Y2
X3 Y3
Y1
Y2
Y3
Regression-Discontinuity Design
X1 Y1
Y2
Y1
Y2
One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design
X Y2Y1
Interrupted Time-Series Design
X1 Y5Y2 Y4Y1 Y3 Y6
X1 Y6Y2 Y5Y1 Y4 X2Y3
Replicated Interrupted Time-Series Design
X1 Y15Y12 Y14Y11 Y13 Y16
Y25Y22 Y24Y21 Y23 Y26
X1 Y15Y12 Y14Y11 Y13 Y16
Y25Y22 Y24Y21 Y23 Y26X1
Laboratory versus Field experiments
LAB FIELD
Environment Artificial Realistic
Control High Low
Reactive error High Low
Demand artifacts High Low
Internal validity High Low
External validity Low High
Time Short Long