Expert support and Reach back activities

Thierry PELLETIERNuclear Security Division

Safety and Security departmentInternational Atomic Energy Agency

GICNT- Nuclear Detection Working GroupMagic Maggiore

Ispra – 28 March 2017

Scope

• IAEA and Nuclear Security

• Expert Support for Nuclear Security:

– Technical support– Scientific support

• Mobile Support and Home based Support

• Challenges

• International Support

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• Specialised agency within UN system• Created in 1957 by international treaty

• 168 Member States (Feb. 2016)

• IAEA Policy Making Bodies

• General Conference• Representatives of 168 Member States

• Board of Governors• Representatives of 35 Member States

International Atomic Energy Agency

IAEA Establishments and Staff

• Headquarters in Vienna• 4 Regional Offices

• Tokyo, Toronto, Geneva, New York• 5 Research Laboratories

• Director General & ~2300 Staff Members

• 6 Departments • Technical Cooperation• Nuclear Energy• Nuclear Science and Applications• Safeguards• Nuclear Safety and Security• Management

The Nuclear security plan

- Actually 4th Nuclear Security Plan

In March 2002, the Agency embarked on its first comprehensive programme to combat the risk of criminal or intentional unauthorised acts involving MORC by assisting States in strengthening their nuclear security.Approved by the IAEA Board of Governors, the first three-year plan described a programme of work encompassing Activities in Nuclear Security.

Objective of Nuclear Security Plan

to contribute to global efforts to achieve effective securitywherever nuclear and other radioactive material is in use, storage and/or transport, and of associated facilities by supporting States, upon request, in their efforts to meet their national responsibilities and international obligations, to reduce risks and to respond appropriately to threats

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The prevention of, detection of, and responseto, criminal or intentional unauthorized acts

involving or directed at nuclear material, otherradioactive material, associated facilities, or

associated activities.

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WhatisNuclearSecurity?

Nuclear Security Fundamentals (IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 20)

Nuclear SecurityPrevention, Detection and Response Measures

Material Origin

Material Use

Material Disposal

Material Transport

Material Loss or Theft

Preventive Measures

Detection Measures

Response Measures

Nuclear Security

Event

Material Under Regulatory Control Material Out of Regulatory Control

IAEA - Nuclear Security Division Support to States

• Development of recommendationsand guidelines

• Evaluation and advisory services

• Human resource development

• Information services

• Technical improvements and upgrades

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EstablishmentofaNational

NuclearSecurityRegime

Nuclear Security Series

• Fundamentals (PRINCIPLES)– Objectives and principles– Basis for Nuclear Security Recommendations– Essentials from international instruments

• Recommendations (WHAT)– General approaches, actions, concepts and

strategies– Applications of Fundamentals

• Implementing Guides (HOW)– Broad guides on how Recommendations to

be applied– Ways and means for how Recommendations

implemented at systems level• Technical Guidance

– Reference Manuals, Training Guides, Service Guides

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NSS 15 references• 5.8. The competent authorities should ensure that the following

elements are included in the instrument deployment plan:– Establishing systems and procedures for performing initial

alarm assessment and other secondary inspection actions such as localization, identification, categorization and characterization of nuclear and other radioactive material, including obtaining technical support from experts to assist in the assessment of an alarm that cannot be resolved on site;

• 6.18. The State should ensure that the Plan:– Describes the roles, responsibilities and procedures for the

competent authorities for medical services, handling of hazardous material, radiation protection and safety [10, 11] and other technical support organizations and for nuclear and conventional forensic laboratories.

NSS 21 References –Basis for Detection Architecture• 2.22. In addition to the expertise that should be available within

competent authorities, technical experts, able to provide scientific and engineering expertise on the design of the detection systems and measures, operational concepts and procedures, analysis of data from detection systems and on interdicted material, may be found in academia and national research institutions. These resources may be integrated into the nuclear security detection architecture, provided that the methods of engaging such experts are formalized.

• 2.23. Technical experts can also assist in the assessment of instrument alarms or information alerts and analysis of trends in the performance of the systems. They can provide this support remotely and/or at the detection site, depending on the national nuclear security detection systems and measures. A State may have specialized tools for data analysis and collection, and may consider allocating resources to further develop these tools to enhance their utility as part of the nuclear security detection architecture.

NSS 21 References – Design of the NSDA• 3.3. Significant time may be needed to fully implement the technical and

operational solutions. While the system is being developed, immediate steps, such as those listed below, may be needed to reduce risks and vulnerabilities:

– Ensuring timely and reliable technical support from sources of expertise away from the scene of detection to allow front line officers at the scene to consult with experts who can advise on all aspects of detection and assessment;

– Developing, exercising and evaluating concepts of operation.

• 3.15. This is the (often remote) capability to assist those at the detection site in the assessment of radiation alarms or information alerts or on the discovery of suspicious or unauthorized material that could be used to manufacture an IND, RED or RDD. Technical support relies heavily on radiation analysts and subject matter experts who can identify specific isotopes and potential threats based on data collected from the detection site, either remotely or in person. International technical support capabilities may be available on request (e.g. through organizations such as the IAEA and other incident reporting channels).

Families of instruments used in Nuclear Security

DetectionRadiation Portals Monitors

Radiation Hazard AssessmentPersonal Radiation Detectors (Pagers)Contamination Monitors

LocalizationGamma Search DevicesNeutron Search Devices

CategorizationRadioisotope Identifiers (RID)

Initial Assessment of alarm NSS15

Every alarm or alert must be assessed and adjudicated

Radiological Crime Scene management

Role of Expert Support

• Expert support can include radiation analysts, physicists, engineers, and other subject matter experts with relevant expertise who may have access to better equipment and technologies

• Functions may include:– Analyzing a spectrum and identifying radionuclides

and threats– Determining the outcome of an instrument alarm– Determining the validity of an information alert– Confirming a nuclear security event and managing

the response.18

Expert support includes capabilities to assist in the assessment of radiation alarms, information alerts or during response to crime scene management.

Expert support

TechnicalScientific

On Scene

Home based

FORENSICS Laboratories

Reachback

• The process of obtaining products, services, and applications, or resources, or equipment from organizations that are not forward deployed.

Reachback for Nuclear Security

Supervision

Supporting facilities

Advices

Scientific supportCoordination

Nuclear Security

Event

Detection and

response to

Equipment

Challenges

TimelessInformation security

Accuracy

Awareness onOperating condition

Chain of Custody

International Reachback

IAEA Support - IEC

• ICSANT:UN International Convention on the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorism

• A/CPPNM: Article 5 -

International cooperation, assistance obligations.

Coordination of assistance

Thank you!Thierry PELLETIERNuclear Security DivisionSafety and Security departmentInternational Atomic Energy AgencyT.Pelletier@iaea.org