expert systems and ai
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
1/17
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
2/17
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
3/17
Intelligent behaviour
Learn from experience.
Apply knowledge acquiredfrom experience.
Handle complexsituations.
Solve problems whenimportant information ismissing.
Determine what is
important.
React quickly andcorrectly to a new situation.
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
4/17
MAJOR BRANCHES OFAI
y Perceptive system
y A system that approximates the way a human sees,hears, and feels objects
y Vision system
y Capture, store, and manipulate visual images andpictures
y Robotics
y Mechanical and computer devices that performtedious tasks with high precision
y
Expert systemy Stores knowledge and makes inferences
y Natural language processing
y Computers understand and react to statements andcommands made in a natural language, such asEnglish.
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
5/17
Artificial
Intelligence
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
6/17
OVERVIEWOFEXPERTSYSTEMS
Expert Systems are computer programs that arederived from a branch of computer science researchcalledArtificial Intelligence (AI).
Expert system is a software that uses a knowledgebase of human expertise for problem solving or
clarifying uncertainties where one or more humanexperts would need to be consulted..
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
7/17
WHAT ANEXPERTSYSTEM CAN DO:
Provide expertise that is expensive or rare
Develop a solution faster than human experts
can
Provide expertise needed at a number of locationsat the same time
Provide a high potential payoff..
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
8/17
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF
EXPERT SYSTEM
DIAGONISIS AND TROUBLE SHOOTING
PLANNING AND SCHEDULING
FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING
PROCESS MONITORING AND CONTROL
DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
9/17
LIMITATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
Not widely used or tested
Limited to relatively narrow problem
Possibility of error
Cannot refine own knowledge base
Difficult to maintain
May have high development costs
Raise legal and ethical concerns
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
10/17
KNOWLEDGE BASE
INFERENCE
ENGINE
RULE
FUZZY LOGIC
BACKWARD
CHANING
FORWARD
ENGINE
COMPONENTS OF ANEXPERT SYSTEM
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
11/17
COMPONENTS OF ANEXPERT SYSTEM
Knowledge base:The knowledge base of expert systems contains both factual and
heuristic knowledge. Factualknowledge is that knowledge of the task domain that is
widely shared, typically found in textbooks or and commonly agreed upon by those
knowledgeable in the particular field. Heuristic Knowledge refers to experience-based
techniques for problem solving, learning, and discovery . Examples of this method
include an educated guess, an intuitive judgment, or common sense.
Inference Engine: The inference engine is the program that locates the appropriate
knowledge in the knowledge base and provides answers, predictions, and
suggestions in the way a human expert would .
Rule : A conditional statement that links given conditions to actions or
outcomes.
Fuzzy Logic: Fuzzy logic, allow computers to determine the distinctions among data
with shades of gray, similar to the process of human reasoning.
Example: The fuzzy car, manuvers itself by following simple verbal instructions from
its driver.
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
12/17
COMPONENTS OF ANEXPERT SYSTEM
Forward chaining: In Forward chaining, the inference engine begins with the
information entered by the user and searches the rule base to arrive at a
conclusion.The strategy is to carry out the action of the rule when a condition is
true.
Backward Chaining: When the conclusion is known (for example, a goal to beachieved) but the path to that conclusion is not known, then reasoning
backwards is called for, and the method is backward chaining.
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
13/17
PARTICIPANTS IN EXPERT SYSTEMS
DEVELOPMENT AND USE
Domain experty The individual or group whose expertise and
knowledge is captured for use in an expert system
K
nowledge usery The individual or group who uses and benefits fromthe expert system
Knowledge engineery Someone trained or experienced in the design,
development, implementation, and maintenance of anexpert system
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
14/17
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
15/17
ADVANTAGES OF EXPERT SYSTEMS
Easy to develop and modify
Faster adaptation to changing condition
More efficient and education
Development by knowledge engineers and users
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
16/17
APPLICATIONS OF EXPERT SYSTEMS AND
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Credit granting
Plant layout
Hospitals and medical facilitiesHelp desks and assistance
Employee performance evaluation
Loan analysis
Virus detectionRepair and maintenance
Shipping
Marketing
-
8/6/2019 Expert Systems and AI
17/17
THANK YOU