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The imposition, by a third party, or withagreement, of a set on manufacturers.

There is a set of standards that bothsoftware and hardware must adhere to if

it is to be recognized by certain bodies.

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W3C: the World Wide Web Consortiumdevelops standards for the internet.

ISO: the International StandardsOrganization currently has over 14000

standards.

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This means everything is built and worksto the same level of quality.

A standard will ensure that items of asimilar type, from different manufacturers

will work together using the sameprotocols.

However, there are many differentstandards and thy are not alwayscompatible with each other.

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Cost If you purchase something which

is not part of the global standard,the upgrades and parts will be veryexpensive because they are froma specific source.

If you do not buy the correct item

that are compatible with yourcomputer, they might not workcorrectly.

Availability If there is a limited availability for apiece of hardware, the supply willbe limited. Limited supply has aknock-on adverse effect on cost.

Technical Support If availability is limited, then thesupport for it is also likely to belimited and expensive.

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Some older computers of the same typewill not be able to use the newprocessors, RAM or graphics cardsbecause the standard has moved on.

E.g. Rapid development in wirelessnetwork devices.

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Although there is a set of standardsreleased by the OS manufacturers, (so

that the applications will work with theOS) there is limited compatibilitybetween the standards.

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Software standards are just linked tooperating systems.

Web pages are written for differentcomputers (different OS and browsers)

and standard means that the pages canbe viewed on different platforms.

However, the elements of web pagescannot be view correctly on differentcomputers (e.g. Colour and alignment)

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Lack of standardisation among webbrowsers might not see the design of the

page correctly. In many case it wouldnt matter, but the

colour, text, some code may not appearor work properly, which can limit thefunctionality.

In manufacturers views, it is not a bad

thing, because they can continually

release new hardware and make moremoney.

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When one company takes over another,there will be incompatibilities.

The two companies might havestandardisation within themselves, but alack of global standards might mean

that systems do not function with oneanother.

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No communication between systems Miscommunication between systems

leading to incorrect data being shared

New equipment having to be purchased Staff need to be trained to use the new

systems

Lack of technical support on the newsystem.

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What are standards? Describe two effects on a user having a

different hardware standards.

What are the problems of havingdifferent standards?

How does standardisation affect how

web pages are displayed? What are advantages of a lack of

standardisation to a company?