explanation - usgs · tavares altoona bushnell hastings boulogne callahan nobleton lakeland...
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Eva
Ovedo
Ocala
Tampa
Cocoa
Geneva
DeLand
Starke
Holder
Bartow
Stuart
Eustis
Orlando
Holopaw
Sanford
Bunnell
Palatka
Arcadia
Sebring
Jupiter
Tavares
Altoona
Bushnell
Hastings
Boulogne
Callahan
Nobleton
Lakeland
Wauchula
Palmdale
Leesburg
Clermont
Umatilla
Basinger
Kissimmee
Lake Mary
Macclenny
Lake City
Williston
Inverness
Dade City
Polk City
Avon ParkFort Drum
Melbourne
Lady Lake
Christmas
Fort McCoy
Yankeetown
Fort Meade
Vero Beach
Frostproof
Eau Gallie
Titusville
Okeechobee
Brooksville
Pine Castle
Kenansville
Saint Cloud
Winter Park
Orange City
Lake Butler
Gainesville
Orange Lake
Lake Placid
Fort Pierce
Cocoa Beach
Salt Springs
Winter Haven
Ormond Beach
Jacksonville
Daytona Beach
Flagler BeachCrescentCity
St. Augustine
Crescent Beach
Orange Springs
Yeehaw Junction
Merritt Island
West Palm Beach
New Smyrna Beach
FernandinaBeach
Keystone Heights
Lake Panasoffkee
Altamonte Springs
Green Cove Springs
JacksonvilleBeach
South Ponte Vedra Beach
Dunnellon
Lake Wales
POLK
LAKE
LEVYMARION
PALM BEACH
OSCEOLA
VOLUSIA
HENDRY
BREVARD
DUVAL
CLAY
ORANGE
PASCO
ALACHUA PUTNAM
GLADES
HIGHLANDS
CITRUS
BAKER
NASSAU
HARDEE
COLUMBIA
MARTINDESOTO
ST LUCIE
HILLSBOROUGH
ST. JOHNS
FLAGLER
OKEECHOBEE
INDIAN RIVER
UNION
GILCHRIST
SUMTER
HERNANDO SEMINOLE
BRADFORD
CHARLTON CAMDEN
WARE
Wolf Sink
Big Spring
Ruth Spring
Gum Springs
Bugg Spring
Blue Spring
Wekiva Falls Resort
Salt Springs
Rock Springs
Palm Springs
Blue Springs
Blue Springs
Potter SpringMiami Springs
Little Spring
Island Spring
Apopka Spring
Wekiwa Springs
Wekiva Springs
Silver Springs
Messant Spring Gemini SpringsFenney Springs
Rainbow Springs
Juniper Springs
Holiday Springs
Crystal Springs
Crescent Beach Spring (submarine)
Beecher Springs
Seminole SpringsHomosassa Springs
Alexander Springs
Sweetwater Springs
Green Cove Springs
Silver Glen Springs
Fern Hammock SpringsPonce De Leon Springs
Chassahowitzka Springs
Ichetucknee Springs Group
Crystal River Spring Group
Blue Springs
Orange Springs
Starbuck Spring
Big Blue Spring
Sanlando Springs
Croaker Hole Spring
Sante Fe River Spring Group
Ocklawaha River Spring Group
Panasoffkee River
Spring Group
Juniper Creek Tributary Seepage
Black Sink
Devil's Den Sink
St.
St. Johns River
Johns
River
BlueCypress
Lake
GULFOF
MEXICO
CypressLake
LakeTohopekaliga
East LakeTohopekaliga
LakeEustis
Lake Harris
LakeApopka
LakeMonroe
Lake
Harne
y
LakeGeorge
Lake
Griffi
n
Lake
Ocklawaha
River
WithlacoocheeRiver
ATLANTICOCEAN
Lake Kissimmee
Kissimmee River
Lake Okeechobee
Dora
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FLORIDA
GEORGIA
MAP AREA
SFWMD
SWFWMD
SJRWMD
SRWMD
N
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Prepared in cooperation withST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICTSOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
SOUTHWEST FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICTOPEN FILE 2007-1371
Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon, 2007, Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity, Florida, May 2007
Base from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000, 1983Universal Transverse Meracator projection, Zone 17
POTENTIOMETRIC SURFACE OF THE UPPER FLORIDAN AQUIFER IN THE ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT AND VICINITY, FLORIDA, MAY 2007
By Sandra L. Kinnaman and Joann F. Dixon
2007
Copies of this map can be purchased from:U.S. Geological SurveyBranch of Information ServicesBox 25286Denver Federal CenterDenver, Colorado 80225-0286
INTRODUCTIONThis map depicts the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the St. Johns River Water Management District and vicinity for May 2007. Potentiometric contours are based on water-level measurements collected at 566 wells during the period May 4 – June 11, near the end of the dry season, however most of the water level data for this map were collected by the U. S. Geological Survey during the period May 21-25, 2007. Some contours are inferred from previous potentiometric-surface maps with larger well networks. The potentiometric surface of the carbonate Upper Floridan aquifer responds mainly to rainfall, and more locally, to ground-water withdrawals and spring flow. Potentiometric-surface highs generally correspond to topographic highs where the aquifer is recharged. Springs and areas of diffuse upward leakage naturally discharge water from the aquifer and are most prevalent along the St. Johns River. Areas of discharge are reflected by depressions in the potentiometric surface. Ground-water withdrawals locally have lowered the potentiometric surface. Ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer generally flows from potentiometric highs to potentiometric lows in a direction perpendicular to the contours.
SUMMARY OF HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS
ADDITIONAL REFERENCELong-term hydrographs of ground-water levels for continuous and periodic wells are available at internet site: http://waterdata.usgs.gov/fl/nwis/gw
Measured values of the potentiometric surface ranged from 9 feet below NGVD29 near Fernandina Beach, Florida, to 124 feet above NGVD29 near Polk County, Florida. The average water level of the network in May 2007 was about 4 feet lower than the average in September 2006 following below-average rainfall during the dry season of 2006-07. Seasonal differences in network average water levels generally range from 4 to 6 feet. For 532 wells with previous measurements, May 2007 levels ranged from about 26 feet below to about 8 feet above September 2006 water levels. Water levels decreased 20 feet or more from September 2006 to May 2007 in 6 of the 48 wells measured in Polk County and the 2 wells measured in Hardee County. The average water level of the network in May 2007 was about 3 feet lower than the average in May 2006. For 535 wells with previous measurements, May 2007 levels ranged from about 21 feet below to about 5 feet above May 2005 water levels.
NOTE: The potentiometric contours are generalized on a regional scale to portray water levels in a dynamic hydrolgic system taking due account of the variations in hydrogeologic conditions such as well-depth differences,non-simultaneous measurements of water levels, variable effects of pumping, and changing climatic infulence. The potentiometric contours, thus, may not conform exactly with individual measurements of water level.
EXPLANATIONPOTENTIOMETRIC CONTOUR -- Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Hatchures indicate depressions. Contour intervals 10 feet. Vertical datum is NGVD29. STATE WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT BOUNDARY SJRWMD -- St. Johns River Water Management District SRWMD -- Suwannee River Water Management District SFWMD -- South Florida Water Management District SWFWMD -- Southwest Florida Water Management DistrictSURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29SURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is referenced to benchmark datum. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29UNSURVEYED WELL WITH KNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29UNSURVEYED WELL WITH UNKNOWN OPEN-HOLE INTERVAL -- Measuring-point datum is estimated from topographic map. Number is altitude of water level in feet above or below NGVD29
SINKHOLE -- Surface collapse feature exposing the Upper Floridan aquifer. Where measured, number is altitude of water level in feet above NGVD29
FLOWING BOREHOLESPRING -- Line indicates direction of spring outflow
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