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Exploiting Hybrid Potato Breeding for Accelerating Introgression and Stacking of
New Resistance Sources against Phytophthora infestans
Asmaa Youssef
EuroBlight Workshop
14-05-2019
Content
The state-of-the-art in resistance to late blight
Utilizing hybrid potato breeding for developing resistance to late
blight
Packing up all of the Solanum weapons against late blight
Haverkort et al. (2016)
• Up to date, there are about 70 mapped and/or clonedresistance to P. infestans (Rpi)genes from potato and its wild relatives, and are located on chromosome IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI.
• Two PRRs were mapped on Scr74-response receptor on chromosome IX and ELR chromosome XII.
Rpi-sto2Scr74-response receptor
Stable Resistance
PRRs
NLRs
NRCs
(-)veregulators
(+)veregulators
S genesBreeding potato for a
stable resistance against Phytophthora infestansBreeding potato for a stable
resistance against the late blight
The traditional tetraploid breeding of potato cv. Bionica
took about 46 years to introduced the Rpi-blb2 gene from Solanum bulbocastanum
Haverkort et al. (2009)
Content
The state-of-the-art in resistance to late blight
Utilizing hybrid potato breeding for developing resistance to late
blight
Packing up all of the Solanum weapons against late blight
Stable resistance
Hybrid potato
breeding
Mapping-by-
sequencing
marker-assistedbreeding
Rpi genes from
Solanumspecies
Effectoromics
14-05-2019
Hybrid potato breeding for accelerating introgression and
stacking of Rpi genes at Solynta
• Introgression and stacking of new traits can be achieved within few to some years (Lindhout et al., 2011, 2018; Ying et al., 2019).
Hybrid Potato Breeding Scheme
Ying et al. (2019)14-05-2019
F2
x
Trait introduction and stacking via marker-assisted backcross breeding EU H2020 Project
vStep 2: Back cross
Step 3: Selfing
Step 1:Cross
Result
Donor parent(resistant but commercially unattractive)
Resistance gene on chromosome 11
Existing variety(not resistant but commercially attractive)
1st backcross 2nd backcross
Existing variety but resistant
With recurrent parent
R1
R1+R2
R-gene
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 1205
2.6
11.4
30.1
52.3
60.0
71.2
86.4
4.8
25.5
33.3
40.445.148.2
2.9
35.6
45.9
54.658.2
5.2
14.7
50.2
60.2
69.7
1.4
7.7
12.7
20.3
40.5
51.7
5.98.7
32.1
40.9
58.0
4.9
31.6
51.555.9
3.2
8.5
36.1
43.4
56.8
5.5
10.5
21.2
44.0
58.7
33.7
54.1
3.8
14.8
20.1
46.1
54.2
36.2
47.150.8
52.255.7
58.6
14.2
41.245.2
6.1
11.7
60.0
R2x
Content
The state-of-the-art in resistance to late blight
Utilizing hybrid potato breeding for developing resistance to late
blight
Packing up all of the Solanum weapons against late blight
Rpi genes-donor Solanum species used for gene pyramiding
14-05-2019
S. tarijense 852-5Rpi-tar1, Chr10
position ~53 Mb
S. avilesii 478-2Rpi-avl1, Chr11
position ~1.8 Mb
S. venturii 283-1Rpi-vnt1, Chr9
position ~51 Mb
S. chacoense 543-5Rpi-chc1, Chr10 position ~53 Mb
13
2015: susceptible hybrid x resistant source2016: marker assisted backcrossings2017: field trial with double stack resistant hybrid
DEMONSTRATION TRIAL IN 2017
R1SusceptibleR1+R2R2
2017 field trial: Diploid potato with double Rpi gene stack exhibited higher level of resistance to the P. infestans isolate IPO-C over three locations in NL
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
No genes avl1 chc1 tar1 vnt1 avl1+chc1 avl1+tar1 avl1+vnt1 tar1+vnt1 chc1+vnt1
Resi
stan
ce le
vel
Rpi gene composition
Haarweg 33 dpi Haarweg 62 dpi
Ying et al. (2019)14-05-2019
2018 field trial: Diploid potato with double Rpi gene stack exhibited higher level of resistance to the P. infestans isolate Blue-13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Avl1 Vnt1 Chc1 + Avl1 Tar1 + Avl1 Vnt1 + Avl1 Chc1 + Vnt1 Tar1 + Vnt1 Chc1 + Vnt1 +Avl1
Tar1 + Vnt1 +Avl1
Bionica (Scontrl.)
Sarpo Mira (Rcontrl.)
Fontane (Scontrl.)
Resi
stan
ce le
vel
Rpi gene composition
14-05-2019
Conclusions
• There is an increased level of resistance.• Variation of resistance conferred by different Rpi genes and their
combinations, which may differ according to time and location.• Additional trials over more years and locations are needed to manage
resistance genes.
Future research
1. More genetic backgrounds2. More stacks of Rpi gene combinations3. Repeat field trials over multiple geographic locations
17
Selected ReferencesAguilera-Galvez, C. et al.(2018) ‘Two different R gene loci co-evolved with Avr2 of Phytophthora infestans and confer
distinct resistance specificities in potato’, Studies in Mycology, 89, pp. 105–115.
Chen, X. et al. (2018) ‘Identification and rapid mapping of a gene conferring broad-spectrum late blight resistance in the diploid potato species Solanum verrucosum through DNA capture technologies’, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 131, pp. 1287–1297.
Du, J. et al. (2015) ‘Elicitin recognition confers enhanced resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato’, Nature Plants, 1, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1038/nplants.2015.34.
Haverkort, A. J. et al.(2016) ‘Durable Late Blight Resistance in Potato Through Dynamic Varieties Obtained by Cisgenesis: Scientific and Societal Advances in the DuRPh Project’, Potato Research. Potato Research, 59, pp. 35–66.
Rietman, H. (2011). Putting the Phytophthora infestans genome sequence at work; multiple novel avirulence and potato resistance gene candidates revealed, Wagningen PhD thesis.
Verzaux, E. et al. (2011) ‘High Resolution Mapping of a Novel Late Blight Resistance Gene Rpi-avl1, from the Wild Bolivian Species Solanum avilesii’, American Journal of Potato Research, 88, pp. 511–519.
Vleeshouwers, V. G. A. A. et al.(2011) ‘Understanding and Exploiting Late Blight Resistance in the Age of Effectors’, Annual Review of Phytopathology, 49, pp. 507–531.
Ying S., Viquez-Zamora M., den Uil D., Sinnige J., Kruyt H., Lindhout P. and van Heusden S. (2019). High Speed Potato Breeding (HiSPoB). American Journal of Potato Research (submitted).