exploration and early colonization era
TRANSCRIPT
WHY HISTORIANS DIVIDE
THE PAST INTO ERAS
Historians divide the past into eras in order to examine how political, economic, geographic and social patterns change over time.
Era- Period of time.
Unit 3 Important People/Events
Christopher Columbus
Hernan Cortes
Montezuma (Moctezuma II)
Alonso Alvarez De Pineda
Panfilo de Narvaez
Narvaez Expedition
Alvar Nunez Cabeza De Vaca
Estevanico
Francisco Vasquez De Coronado
Cibola
I. Europe Eyes the Americas
A. Spain Expands Its Influence
1. Christopher Columbus
sailed from Spain in 1492
to find a faster trade ROUTE
to Asia.
2. King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella FINANCED
his expeditions - 4 in all.
II. Spanish Explorers Come to Texas
B. Spain Established Colonies
1. From 1492 until 1519 Spain
concentrated on establishing
colonies in the West Indies.
2. Conquistador – Spanish
explorer who searched for
wealth and land
a. Could gain personal wealth &
prestige by conquering an area.
C. Reasons for Exploration:
1. Can be summed up with the
phrase: “Gold, God, and Glory”
•Search for a quicker route to Asia
to facilitate the spice trade.
•Competition had increased
between the empires of Spain,
Portugal, France and England.
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1519Cortés and his army sail to what is now Mexico.
Short-Term Effects Long-Term Effects
• increased Spain’s power
• established Mexico as a base
from which Spain could
launch explorations
• expanded Spain’s American
empire, which covered much
of North and South America
by 1600
• conquered the Aztec Empire
• killed or enslaved many
Aztecs
• gained for Spain the Aztecs’
wealth and land
• built Mexico City on top of the
ruins of Tenochtitlán, which
became the capital of New
Spain
• increased the empire and
wealth of Spain
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Texas History
Alonzo Alvarez de Pineda
1. Was the 1st European to
see the Texas coast. (1519)
2. Made the 1st
map of the
gulf coast
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Texas History
from Jamaica into
the Gulf of Mexico.the Pánuco River
near American
Indian villages.
Alonso Álvarez de
Pineda sailed
He and his crew
settled near
He is best known
for mapping
the northern Gulf of
Mexico, including
Texas.
1519 1519 1519
B. Hernando Cortes Conquers Mexico
1. In 1519, Cortes was sent by the
governor of Cuba to explore
the America’s.
2. Cortes gained control of Mexico
by defeating the Aztecs under
Montezuma.
3. The gold & riches Cortes
brought back to Spain made
the Spanish more eager to
explore New Spain.
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Texas History
Narvaez Expedition - 1526
• Led by Panfilo de Narvaez
• Landed in Florida and split in half.
• Shipwrecks near Galveston bay
• 80 survivors including Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico
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Texas History
Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
1. Cabeza de Vaca was one of 80
survivors of the Narvaez expedition
shipwrecked on Galveston Bay.
2. They were the 1st Europeans toset foot in Texas.
3. He lived with the Karankawas for 6
years as a slave and healer.
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Texas History
• One of the 4 was a slave named Esteban (Estavanico). He was the 1st
African to set foot in Texas.
Narvaez Expedition Continued.
The Search for Cibola
1. Francisco Coronado
– 1540, sent North
from Mexico to look
for Cibola.
2. Followed a Native, El
Turco, across the
Texas Panhandle,
went up to Kansas, to
Quivera, and claimed
all the land for Spain.
I. The Search for Cibola Cont.
1. Hernando de Soto – 1539, led
second expedition to look for
Cibola, beginning in Florida
across the Southern U.S. to
discover the Mississippi River.
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Texas History
SPANISH EXPLORATION IN TEXAS
Effects on Spain Effects on American Indians
• gained new plants and animals
from Europe, such as horses
• rise of a Plains Indian horse
culture
• Plains Indians’ fighting and
hunting abilities increased by
horses
• many Texas Indian deaths from
European diseases
• conflict with the Spanish
• established a claim to Texas
• gained knowledge about land
and people of Texas
• gained new plants and animals
from the Americas
• gained a buffer zone between
Spanish settlement and
American Indians/Europeans to
the north
• lost equine military advantage
• conflict with Texas Indians
D. Columbian Exchange
(Great Exchange)
1. Exchange of goods between
Europe, Asia and the
Americas.
2. It was both good and bad.
E. Examples of items exchanged
1. Horses were brought to the Americas by the
explorers.
a. They changed the way of life for the
Plains Indians.
2. Intro of corn, potatoes, sugar & cotton from
America to other continents changed lives
around the world.
3. Diseases were introduced to the Americas by
the Spanish explorers, decimating the
Native population.
III. The French Explore Texas
A. France Shows Interest in the Gulf
1. A French explorer, Rene Robert
Sieur de La Salle (Robert la
Salle), discovered the Mississippi
River, claiming all the lands it
reached for France.
2. He named the land “Louisiana”
after the king of France.
4. La Salle went back to America
in 1684, looking for the mouth
of the Mississippi.
5. He landed at Matagorda Bay
instead of the Mississippi.
6. He established Ft. St. Louis-
1st French colony in Texas.
3. He later convinced King Louis &
Queen Anne to let him return to
the new land and establish a
French colony.
B. Ft. St. Louis was unsuccessful
and French exploration in the
Americas ended.
C. However, Spain saw a threat
to it’s hold in the New World
and then began colonizing
again.
Chapter Summary
Following Columbus’s lead, Spain
established colonies in the Caribbean and
Mexico. Reports of riches drew the
explorers north to Texas where they
established a successful mission.
Spanish Explorers
Come to Texas
Columbus came to the New
World looking for gold and a new
trade route to Asia. Although he
found neither, his four voyages
inspired others to seek their
fortunes in the Americas.
Europe Eyes the Americas
Spain’s claims on Texas lands
prompted France to establish a
colony of its own. Although La
Salle’s Texas colony did not
survive, France’s presence
renewed Spain’s interest in
settling Texas.
The French Explore Texas
1.This Italian sailor believed he could reach Asia by sailing west across the
Atlantic.
a. Juan de Oñate b. Christopher Columbus c. Hernando de Soto
2.This term refers to (describes) Spanish soldiers and adventurers (people
looking for riches).
a. conquistadores b. mustangs c. Epidemics
3.This Spanish soldier and his men conquered (took over by force) the Aztec
Empire.
a. Hernán Cortés b. Fray Marcos de Niza c. Pánfilo de Narváez
4.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge)
and his crew were the first people to see the Texas coast.
a. Hernando de Soto b. Alonso Álvarez de Pineda c. Juan de Oñate
5.This Spanish explorer (person who travels around to get riches or knowledge)
searched for gold in Apalachee but found none.
a. Christopher Columbus b. Luis de Moscoso Alvarado
c. Pánfilo de Narváez