Exploration

pg 1~3… Pies/Graph for Impact, Technology, Motivation

pg 3~4… Motivations

pg 7… Xtra Normal Construct a Conversation

pg 8~10… Types of Sails and Time Line

pg 10~20… Effects of Technology on Exploration

pg 21… Titan Pad for Exploration

Bar Graph for Impact

Pie for Technology

Pie for Motivation

Motivations Research on "What motivates explorers?"

By Nanako and Saki  Adventures  

Cortes was an Adventurer. 

Ellison Shoji Onizuka liked to fly fast.   

Neil Armstrong went to the moon for adventure.   Captain James Cook wanted to discover if the world was round and he wanted to discover new

lands.

Roald Amundsen was the first person to reach North and South Pole. . Valentina Tereshkova was the first woman to go to space.  Sally Ride was the first American woman to go to space.   Louis Joliet explored the Canadian wilderness.   Ferdinand Magellan was the first person to sail around the world.  Francisco V'asquez de Coronado was the first European to explore North America's Southwest. Education and Culture   Christopher Columbus wanted to find a route to India or China……maybe the Spice Islands.  Henry the Navigator wanted to develop roots and maps.  Ellison Shoji Onizuka had a master degree in Aerospace Engineering.  

Captain James Cook was a learned man and in his voyage, he had biologists….. and he discovered the illness scurvy.

 Professional (to get a better job)

   Cortes was a failed law student and former pig farmer so he conquered the Aztecs instead.  Cortes became governor.    Relaxation and Entertainment   Romance    Survival     Family    Money   Cortes stole lots of gold from the Aztecs.   Christopher Columbus wanted to find a route to India  Christopher Columbus wanted to loot gold from the natives.   Coronado was looking for the seven cities of gold. 

Henry the Navigator wanted money so he travelled.   Fame 

All the explorers wanted money. 

Construct a Conversation (Xtra Normal)Captain James Cook

This is Larry King Live! Today we will be interviewing famous British explorer and astronomer, James Cook. How do you like L.A?James: Well… It’s fine…. Reporter: Let's just get to the point. Is it true that you went out to Brazil, Cape Horn, Tahiti, Society Islands, New Zealand, and Australia?James: Yes, indeed I did. It was a little tough but I wanted to observe the transit of Venus.Reporter: So your motivation to go out and explore was education?James: Yes, all though I wanted to find new lands.Reporter: What was your first voyage? James: My first voyage was when tried to observe the transit of Venus.Reporter: Did you bring anything along with you on that voyage that helped you and your crew members?James: I brought along lime juice, so that my crew members will not develop Scurvey, a disease people get when they don’t have enough Vitamin C.Reporter: What was your last voyage?James: I wanted to discover the Northwest Passage. Reporter: A lot of the time famous explorer's names are now names of places, but is there any place named after you?James: The Cook Islands off course!!Reporter: Oh I've been there before; it's a very nice place!! Ok well thank you very much for coming here today, it was a very nice to meet you. James: You’re welcome. It was a pleasure to be here.

http://titanpad.com/Y1sIy7S7gv

http://www.xtranormal.com/watch/7998975 (For the Xtra normal.)

Types of Sails and Time Line

Types of SailsThe Schooner

Schooners were first used by the Dutch in the 16th or 17th century, and further developed in North America from the early 18th century. A 4-masted schooner, fore-and-aft rigged on all masts. The origin of the word schooner is somewhat unclear. It may be from a Dutch word, or it could be related to the archaic verb schoon, which means to skip or glide across the water. The schooner was the last development of the working sailing ship that truly was a sailing ship. Schooners were built of wood, and later sometimes iron, mostly in shipyards in New England, and especially Maine. Schooners employed a simpler suit of sails than the "square-riggers" of the prior era. This made them easier to handle, although somewhat slower. The fore-and-aft rig is also much more suited to sailing into the wind, which makes schooners far more useful for coastal and even inland routes than square-rigged sailing ships, which are more efficient on long down-wind ocean voyages. By the 1930's, most sailing ships of all kinds had been either scrapped or converted to schooner barges.

The schooner ships were invented here by Andrew Robinson and launched in 1713 from Gloucester, Massachusetts.

It allowed small ships to go to port to port really fast.

German former pilot schooner, Atlanta. Canadian schooner, Pacific Grace, 2001

Two-masted fishing schooner

Square Riggers

A four-masted bark, or barque and a typical square-rigged vessel. It was a small ship which weighed only 90 tons and carried 70 pirates.

Sloop Ships

Sloop ships were basically small ships which weighed about 100 tons and had the capacity of carrying 75-80 pirates. Invented in the16th century.

http://www.timerime.com/en/timeline/509320/A+History+of+Explorers+and+Motivation/

Effects of Technology on ExplorationPulleys

The invention of the pulley was important for exploration. The pulley helped the explorers to lift the sails without much trouble. Without the pulley, the force of the wind on large sails would have been too big to be countered by explorers. A pulley is one of the simple machines. No one knows when exactly the pulley was invented, and who the inventor was. From some theories, the pulley most likely came from Eurasia, although the basic building blocks for the pulley were known in other areas of the world. Before its invention, the explorers had a hard time lifting sails. It took a lot of time to lift them. Once when the invention, the pulley was invented, it was much easier to lift things up. The pulley is a wheel with a groove along its outer edge, to hold a rope or cable wrapped around the wheel. The pulley allows explorers to explore in big ships, and lift large ships easily without much power and to have larger ships.

Fewer men, less food so more goods to trade meaning more trade and profit when exploring (money).

It was used to turn the helm and to lift the sails.

1. The invention of the pulley was important for exploration. The pulley helped the explorers to lift the sails without much trouble. Without

the pulley, the force of the wind on large sails would have been too big to be countered by explorers.

2. No one knows when exactly the pulley was invented, and who the inventor was. From some theories, the pulley most likely came from Eurasia, although the basic building blocks for the pulley were known in other areas of the world. The pulley is a wheel with a groove along its outer edge, to hold a rope or cable wrapped around the wheel.

3. Before its invention, the explorers had a hard time lifting sails. It took a lot of time to lift them. Once the pulley was invented, it was much easier to lift things up.

4. The pulley helped lift the sails, and it was used to turn the helms.

5. When using the pulley, it is much easier to lift things up so there is few man, less food for the people so more things to trade meaning more trading and money when exploring.

Effects of Technology on ExplorationNavigation

cross staff

o Allowed sailors to travel out of sight of land and come back…. yippee

o It allowed you to calculate your latitude or distance from the equator

compass

o Allowed sailors to travel out of sight of land and come back. 

sextant

astrolabe

o It helped them sail in the right direction

o It helped them locate the latitude

chronometer

o It helped them know the time

Weapons

cannon & guns

o It helped them attack other explorers and defend themselves

grenade

knipple & chain

gunpowder

bow & arrow

Ships

Junk

o The sails allowed it sail into the wind

o The sails could be lowered or raised by a single line… no crazy dudes falling to their death… need only one person

o Sails have more surface because of the creases

o Has stabilizers to keep the ship from rocking

Caravel

o It sailed faster and sturdier than earlier ships. Steel ships

Galleon

Sails & Tools

Lateen

Chinese Sails

Viking Sails

Helm

Pulley

Effects of Technology on Exploration Navigation  

Cross Staff It allowed explorers to calculate your latitude or distance from the equator p.s. less likely to get lost and more likely to come home.  

Compass 

Allowed sailors to travel out of sight of land and come back.  

Sextant    It allowed sailors to measure height. 

Astrolabe     It helped explorers sail in the right direction.     It helped them locate the latitude.  

Chronometer   It allowed sailors were able to measure the time.   Weapons  

Cannon and Guns     It helped them attack other explorers and defend themselves. 

Grenade     It would allow them to defend themselves in dangerous situations, but was not used too much.  

Ripple & Chain  

Gun Powder     Gun Powder was used in guns and cannons which helped them defend themselves.      

Bow & Arrow     It helped them attack other explorers and defend themselves from other people.  Ships  

Junk ·        The sails allowed it to sail into wind. ·         The sails could be lowered or raised by a single line…no crazy dudes falling to their death…need only one person. ·        Sails have more surfaces because of the creases. ·        Has stabilizers to keep the ship from rocking.  

Caravels     The Caravels was faster and sturdier than EARLIER ships.  

Steel Ships      These ships are stronger than other ships. 

Galleon   The Galleon is large ships that has a special deck for cannons, but were very slow ships.  

   Sails & Tools  

Lateen     It was adjusted to almost all winds.  

Chinese Sails Viking Sails Helm

    Allowed sailors to go in the right direction, as they can steer with the helm.  

Pulley     It allowed explorers to lift the sails without much trouble. 

Effects of Technology on Exploration 1)Navigation

AstrolabeThis allowed explorers to measure the distance between the stars and the horizon.It allowed explorers to calculate latitude or distance from the Equator. After leaving sight of land, they could sail back again and follow the land back to their original height on the globe.

Because of this, maps were accurate in height, but were really off in regards to width of continents and oceans.

Cross staff Did the same as the astrolabe, but allowed more accurate measurements because it was longer… easier to use.What if a shorter person was using it…. or on a rocking boat?

SextantAgain calculated latitude, but was easier to use and more accurate.

CompassA magnetic needle that was placed in water that always pointed magnetic of the field north. It gives you the direction you are travelling. The first ones and bulky. It allowed you to sail further away from land and come back safely. Once the explorers had the compass and the cross staff, they could travel and only get a little lost… it gave them confidence.

ChronometerA watch that can operate on a boat or land.Does not operate by a pendulum like a grandfather clock, but by a wind up coil.The coil provided even tension to power the clock. Even walks in rough wavy conditions. It allowed you to know the time in your home country or destination and when comparing the time in your present location (check the high noon shadow you could tell how many hours and minutes east or west you were.) (Longitude) This allowed to be very accurate in your sailing… make more money!! This allowed better maps that did not look like dog barf!!

RadarDiscovered in 1800’s, but not developed until 1940’s for war purposes. A ship or plane with radar can help with rescue operations. -Exploring AntarcticaIt can tell you where land and other obstacles are. -Icebergs and reefs-Wish the Titanic had radar Bad weather.-Thunderstorms

GPSProvides directions, location and time. Shows explorers where to go accurately. Satellite photos and GPS make accurate maps.

2)Ships Chinese Junk

Sails could be raised or lowered by a pulley. Only one man needed to raise the sail. Less crew needed. Less food for crew.More money in trade.Had stabilizers.-Kept the ship from rocking meaning….-- Less sea sickness -- Cargo less likely to get damagedHad indents in the sails to catch more wind. The sails could be angled to sail into the wind.-Shorter journeys

Steel ShipsSteel is stronger and safer.You can make ships that are larger and carry more goods. Allowed the development of submarines.-This allowed the exploration of ocean depths

CaravelsSmall light shop that could sail into the wind. Lateen sails that allowed it to sail into the wind.Since it was small it could sail up rivers and shallow areas.Columbus used the Caravels to explore.

Galleon Large multi deck ships.Had a round keel or bottom. -made them more stable-could carry more goods-carry more cannons-were more profitable to trade with

3)Weaponry Guns and Canons Invented by the Chinese.Later spread to Middle East even later Europe. Were very heavy and difficult to control. Once on an Explorers ship-You could defend yourself -You could become a pirate if you want-You could conquer new lands--Scared natives with loud boom

Gun Powders

Allowed explorers to hunt for food once on land.Allowed to conquer new lands using guns and cannon.-The Native Americans did not stand a chanceIt allowed European powers to fight over treasure, land and ocean.

Nuclear Bombs and Nuclear Space Craft (Rockets) Missiles that delivered nuclear warheads were first used to send things, dogs, cats, monkeys, and even people into space. The first space flight on a former nuclear missile was Sputnik by the Soviet. Space Craft that are powered by nuclear energy are suited for long missions.-More efficient and reliable -Hope they don’t blow up in our atmosphere

4)Sails Helm Before the wheel, the rudder (which directed the ship) was controlled by holding and pushing/pulling either way.The sailor who held the rudder was beneath the deck and could not see where he was going…. he acted on directions.Once the wheel was invented the person who steered the ship could actually see where it was going.The wheel gave more leverage because of pulleys and so a person could steer a larger rudder and ship.-Bigger ship, more profit, more trade

Viking Ships Had square sails that could be angled so the ships could sail into the wind. -This allowed the ship to travel during all kinds of weather and be more predictable in any weather.

Lateen Sails One person could raise or lower them from the deck… you did not have to climb into the sails. -Less men were needed-Less food was needed-More room for trade goods -Less dead bodies Lateen sails could sail into the wind very effectively.

Pulley It could help sailors move heavy objects such as sails, the rudder, cannons or cargo.

With pulleys you needed less crew with more room for cargo and more profit.

Chinese Junk

Titan Pads for Exploration

Xtra Normal Conversation http://titanpad.com/Y1sIy7S7gv

Columbian Exchange http://titanpad.com/YslzV4Ruuh

Exploring the Deep Ocean Trench http://titanpad.com/F4fTKC478a

More…On my Social Studies page, I have my Xtra Normal, Voice thread and my Big

Wave Art.