Exploration & TradeExploration & Trade

World HistoryWorld History

Spice TradeSpice Trade

► 1300s – Europeans 1300s – Europeans dependent on spices dependent on spices such as pepper, such as pepper, cinnamon, & nutmegcinnamon, & nutmeg

► Spices used for flavor, Spices used for flavor, preserving meat, preserving meat, perfumes, cosmetics, perfumes, cosmetics, and medicineand medicine

► Spice trade was Spice trade was controlled by Arab and controlled by Arab and Venetian merchantsVenetian merchants

Why explore?Why explore?

►Overland routes were Overland routes were controlled by Mongols controlled by Mongols and Muslimsand Muslims

►Merchants sought a Merchants sought a profitable trade with profitable trade with AsiaAsia

► Church leaders Church leaders wanted to spread wanted to spread Christianity and halt Christianity and halt IslamIslam

► A new “worldly” view A new “worldly” view had emerged as a had emerged as a result of the result of the RenaissanceRenaissance

Technology necessaryTechnology necessary

► Accurate mapsAccurate maps► Sailors trained in Sailors trained in

navigationnavigation► Oceangoing ships Oceangoing ships

(caravels averaged 65 (caravels averaged 65 long, could sail against long, could sail against the wind, had shallow the wind, had shallow drafts, and had a large drafts, and had a large cargo hold)cargo hold)

► HourglassesHourglasses► CompassCompass► AstrolabeAstrolabe

Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator► Son of King John I of Son of King John I of

PortugalPortugal► Sponsored many Sponsored many

Portuguese voyages of Portuguese voyages of explorationexploration

► Founded a navigational Founded a navigational school on the coast of school on the coast of PortugalPortugal

► His explorers ventured His explorers ventured into the Atlantic and into the Atlantic and down the west coast of down the west coast of AfricaAfrica

► Discovered the Azores, Discovered the Azores, Madeira, & Cape Verde Madeira, & Cape Verde IslandsIslands

MercantilismMercantilism

► Became the national Became the national economic policy of economic policy of several European several European nationsnations

► Mined gold & silver Mined gold & silver overseas to increase overseas to increase their amount of their amount of bullionbullion

► Increase in trade Increase in trade sought to maintain a sought to maintain a favorable balance of favorable balance of trade trade

MercantilismMercantilism►Governments sold Governments sold

monopolies & set monopolies & set tariffstariffs

► Colonies – set up to Colonies – set up to provide raw provide raw materials to the materials to the mother country (to mother country (to make self sufficient)make self sufficient)

► Joint stock Joint stock companies like the companies like the Dutch East India Dutch East India Company thrived Company thrived while colonies in the while colonies in the Americas benefited Americas benefited

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of the Disadvantages of the

Slave TradeSlave Trade

AP World HistoryAP World History

African AdvantagesAfrican Advantages

► Slavery provided profit Slavery provided profit for a few collaborators, for a few collaborators, which did nothing for which did nothing for Africa’s overall Africa’s overall developmentdevelopment

► In times of famine, In times of famine, some Africans avoided some Africans avoided starvation by selling starvation by selling themselves into slaverythemselves into slavery

► African kingdoms such African kingdoms such as Dahomey rose to as Dahomey rose to power because of the power because of the slave tradeslave trade AFRICAN MERCHANT SELLING SLAVES TO A EUROPEAN

African DisadvantagesAfrican Disadvantages

► Slavery tore apart Slavery tore apart communities and communities and familiesfamilies

► Slavery depopulated Slavery depopulated the labor basethe labor base

► Slavery hindered Slavery hindered African economic African economic developmentdevelopment

► Enslaved Africans Enslaved Africans were transported in were transported in brutal conditions, brutal conditions, shackled together in shackled together in chains, and forced to chains, and forced to lie in rat-infested lie in rat-infested filthfilth

African Disadvantages (cont.)African Disadvantages (cont.)► Enslaved Africans were Enslaved Africans were

treated as commoditiestreated as commodities► Africans received only Africans received only

trinkets and guns as part trinkets and guns as part of the triangular tradeof the triangular trade

► Some Africans began to Some Africans began to lust after European lust after European merchandise and would merchandise and would sell other Africans into sell other Africans into slavery to satisfy their slavery to satisfy their appetiteappetite

► The enslaved Africans The enslaved Africans were beaten, branded were beaten, branded with irons. and given with irons. and given very little food or clothesvery little food or clothes

European AdvantagesEuropean Advantages

► Slavery was a Slavery was a profitable tradeprofitable trade

► Slavery was a Slavery was a bountiful source of bountiful source of cheap labor to help cheap labor to help run plantationsrun plantations

► Slavery helped build Slavery helped build a capital base which a capital base which fueled the Industrial fueled the Industrial RevolutionRevolution

European DisadvantagesEuropean Disadvantages

► Slavery was morally Slavery was morally repugnantrepugnant

► Slavery compromised Slavery compromised the efforts of Christian the efforts of Christian missionariesmissionaries

► The majority of The majority of Europeans in Africa Europeans in Africa died from tropical died from tropical diseasesdiseases