explore feasibility and limiting factors of large ... · large-acceptance recirculating...
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Explore feasibility and limiting factors of large-acceptance Recirculating Linearlarge acceptance Recirculating Linear
Accelerators (RLAs) based on Superconducting RF
Alex BogaczgCASA
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Director’s Review of Accelerator R&DMarch 20, 2009
Outline
• Design of multi-GeV muon accelerator complex for future Neutrino Factory – International Design StudyNeutrino Factory International Design Study
• TeV-scale muon acceleration for future Muon Collider
• Extreme muon cooling schemes for Low Emittance Muon C llidCollider
• Collaborations & PartnershipsCollaborations & Partnerships
• Summary
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y
Motivation − Scientific Case
• Muon Colliders and Neutrino Factories are attractive options for future facilities aimed at achieving the highest lepton-antilepton collision energies (e.g. to mass-produce Higgs bosons in s-channel) and precision measurements of parameters of the neutrino mixing matrix with intense (1014
μ/sec), small divergence neutrino beams with well-understood systematics. μ ), g y
• Their performance and feasibility depend strongly on how well a muon beam can be cooled and accelerated to multi-GeV and TeV energies. g
• Recent progress in muon cooling and acceleration (International Design Study and prototype tests) encourages the hope that such facilities can be built during the next decade…
• Funding for these studies provided by: HEP and SBIR/STTR grants
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Opportunities and Challenges
• Future Muon facilities based on muon storage rings will require innovative SRF linacs to:acs to
• Longitudinally compress and ‘shape’ them into a beam
• μs are produced in a tertiary process into a large emittance (p + A → π → μ)
• Rapidly accelerate them to multi-GeV (NF) and TeV (MC) energies
• it has a short life time (2.2 μsec) in its own rest frame
• high gradient, fixed field accelerator
• Why Recirculating Linear Accelerators based on SRF?
• RLAs are possible because muons do not generate significant synchrotron radiation
• high energies and in strong magnetic fields (mμ = 105 MeV/c2)
• Huge initial phase-space requires large acceptances (both trans/longit)
• Large intensities call for RF operating at stored energy
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Large intensities call for RF operating at stored energy
Design of multi-GeV muon accelerator complex for future Neutrino Factory –complex for future Neutrino Factory
International Design Study
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Multi-GeV muon RLAs for Neutrino Factory• Conceptual design of an RLA based Muon Accelerator Complex
(as part of NF International Design Study)
trans. norm. acceptance (30 mm-rad)long. acceptance (150 mm-rad)
12.6-25 GeV
• 200 MHz SRF Linac (0.3 to 0.9 GeV)
R id l ti f h t li d hi h di t SRF• Rapid acceleration of short lived muons, high gradient SRF
• ‘Full bucket’ acceleration and longitudinal bunch compression
• Two-step, vertically stacked ‘dogbone’ RLAs (0.9 to 12.6 GeV)• phase slippage, RF cavities synchronized for a speed of light particle
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phase slippage, RF cavities synchronized for a speed of light particle • simultaneous acceleration of μ+ and μ- charge species
‘Dogbone’ vs ‘Racetrack’ RLA (both μ+ and μ-)
μ−
μ+μ+ μ− μ+ μ−
μ−
μ+
μ−
μ+
μ+ μ−
ΔE
• better orbit separation at linac’s end ~ energy difference between consecutive passes (2ΔE)
• allows both charges to traverse the linac in the same direction (more uniform focusing profile
ΔE/2
μ+μ+ μ−
μ−
ΔE/2
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Linear Pre-accelerator – 240 to 900 MeVTue Feb 12 12:50:16 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - M:\casa\acc_phys\bogacz\IDS\PreLinac\Linac_sol.opt
30
30
] ]
Siz
e_
X[c
m
Siz
e_
Y[c
m
Transverse acceptance (normalized): (2.5)2εΝ = 30 mm rad
Longitudinal acceptance: (2 5)2 σ σ /m c = 150 mm
1460
0 0
Ax_bet Ay_bet Ax_disp Ay_disp
Longitudinal acceptance: (2.5) σΔpσz/mμc = 150 mm
6 short cryos 8 medium cryos 11 long cryos17 MV/m
1.1 Tesla solenoid 1.4 Tesla solenoid 2.4 Tesla solenoid
SRF linac with individually phased RF cavities; far off-crest at the beginning of the linac and gradually brought on-crest by the linac end Induced synchrotron motion is allowing
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and gradually brought on-crest by the linac end. Induced synchrotron motion is allowing for longitudinal bunch compression in both length and momentum spread
Pre-accelerator – Longitudinal compressionTue Feb 12 12:50:16 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - M:\casa\acc_phys\bogacz\IDS\PreLinac\Linac_sol.opt
30
30
Siz
e_
X[c
m]
Siz
e_
Y[c
m]
Transverse acceptance (normalized): (2.5)2εΝ = 30 mm rad
1460
0 0
Ax_bet Ay_bet Ax_disp Ay_disp
Longitudinal acceptance: (2.5)2 σΔpσz/mμc = 150 mm
160
16
0,
0d
P/P
* 1
000,
60
dP
/P *
10
00
,
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26-26 S [cm] View at the lattice end
-160
25-25 S [cm] View at the lattice beginning
-16
Longitudinal phase-space (s, Δp/p) axis range: s = ±25 cm, Δp/p = ±0.2
Multi-pass linac Optics‘h lf ’ 900 1200 M V‘half pass’ , 900-1200 MeV
initial phase adv/cell 90 deg. scaling quads with energy Fri Jan 23 14:33:20 2009 OptiM - MAIN: - N:\bogacz\IDS\Linacs_bisect\Linac05.opt
15 5
m] quad gradient
BE
TA
_X
&Y
[m
DIS
P_
X&
Y[m
]
1-pass, 1200-1800 MeVmirror symmetric quads in the linac
39.91030
0 0
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
Fri Jan 23 14:56:30 2009 OptiM - MAIN: - N:\bogacz\IDS\Linacs_bisect\Linac1.opt
15 5
X&
Y[m
]
X&
Y[m
]
quad gradient
78.91030
0 0
BE
TA
_X
DIS
P_X
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
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Multi-pass linac Optics4-pass, 3000-3600 MeV phase adv. still larger then 180 deg. in both planes
Fri Jan 23 15:06:38 2009 OptiM - MAIN: - N:\bogacz\IDS\Linacs_bisect\Linac4.opt
35 5
[m]
m]
BE
TA
_X
&Y
[
DIS
P_
X&
Y[m
5-pass, 3600-4200 MeV
78.91030
0 0
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
Fri Jan 23 15:07:51 2009 OptiM - MAIN: - N:\bogacz\IDS\Linacs_bisect\Linac5.opt
35 5
&Y
[m]
&Y
[m]
78.91030
0 0
BE
TA
_X
DIS
P_X
&
BETA X BETA Y DISP X DISP Y
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78.91030 BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
Tue Jun 10 21:14:41 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\IDS\Arcs\Arc1.o
Mirror-symmetric ‘Droplet’ Arc – Opticsp
15 3
[m]
m]
(βout = βin and αout = -αin , matched to the linacs) E =1.2 GeV
BE
TA
_X
&Y
DIS
P_
X&
Y[m
1300
0 -3
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
10 cells in2 cells out 2 cells out
footprint
3000
4000
5000
transition transition
300
300
-3000
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000x [cm]
0d
P/P
* 1
000,
0dP
/P *
100
0,
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-5000
-4000
z [cm]
40-40 S [cm] View at the lattice end
-300
40-40 S [cm] View at the lattice beg
-300
‘Pulsed’ linac Dogbone RLA
• Design of a muon RLA based on ILC linac (solicited by Muon Collider Task Force at Fermilab)
3 GeV
33 GeV4 GeV/pass
33 GeV
• Multi-pass linac optics with pulsed quads – newly awarded SBIR with Muons Inc
• Quad pulse would assume 500 Hz cycle ramp with the top pole field of 1 Tesla.
• Mitigation of focusing deficiency - larger number of passes• Mitigation of focusing deficiency - larger number of passes
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‘Pulsed’ vs ‘Fixed’ Dogbone RLA Fri Nov 16 16:25:13 2007 OptiM - MAIN: - M:\acc_phys\bogacz\Dogbone_pulsed\pulsed\Linac8.opt
Pulsed
320 5
&Y
[m]
Y[m
]
BE
TA_X
&
DIS
PX
&Y
8-pass, 28-32 GeV5000
0 0
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
F i N 16 16 09 52 2007 O tiM MAIN M \ h \b \D b l d\fl t\Li 8Fixed
Fri Nov 16 16:09:52 2007 OptiM - MAIN: - M:\acc_phys\bogacz\Dogbone_pulsed\flat\Linac8.o
320 5
&Y
[m]
&Y
[m]
0 0
BE
TA
_X&
DIS
P_X
&
phase adv. diminishes down to 1800
Page 16Muon Collider Design Workshop, BNL, Dec. 3-7, 2007
5000
0 0
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
‘Pulsed’ vs ‘Fixed’ Dogbone RLA Fri Nov 16 16:28:26 2007 OptiM - MAIN: - M:\acc phys\bogacz\Dogbone pulsed\pulsed\Linac12.o
PulsedFri Nov 16 16:28:26 2007 OptiM MAIN: M:\acc_phys\bogacz\Dogbone_pulsed\pulsed\Linac12.o
320 5
Y[m
]
Y[m
]
BE
TA_X
&Y
DIS
PX
&Y
phase adv. diminishes down to 1800
12-pass, 47-51 GeV5000
0 0
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
Fixed
no phase adv across the linacno phase adv. across the linac-beam envelopes not confined
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Large momentum acceptance multi-pass Arc • Non Scaling FFAG Optics
• Compact triplet cells based on opposed
0yB B Gx= +
xB Gy= −
bend combined function magnets
,
For different energies self-similar beta functions in a periodic cell
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MADX- Polymorphic Tracking Code. Energy acceptance: -30% to 90%
NS-FFAG multi-pass ‘Droplet’ Arc Wed Nov 19 10:13:45 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\SBIR\FMC\Optics\multi cell oW d N 19 10 11 56 2008 O tiM MAIN D \SBIR\FMC\O ti \ lti ll Wed Nov 19 10:13:45 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\SBIR\FMC\Optics\multi cell.o
7
0.1
X&
Y[m
]
&Y
[m]
Wed Nov 19 10:11:56 2008 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\SBIR\FMC\Optics\multi cell.o
7
0.1
&Y
[m]
&Y
[m]
.1
BE
TA
_X
DIS
P_X
&
1
BE
TA
_X
&
DIS
P_
X&
,
177.7154
0 -0
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y4521.27
0 -0.
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
3000 inward600 outward 600 outward
3000
0
1000
2000
cm]
• MADX-PT − Polymorphic Tracking Code is used to study multi-pass beam dynamics for different pass beams: path length difference, optics mismatch between linac and arcs orbit offset
- 2000
- 1000
00 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
x[ mismatch between linac and arcs, orbit offset and tune change is being studied.
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- 3000z[ cm]
Muon Ionization Cooling
Large emittance
Small emittance
ppΔ
Absorber Accelerator Momentum loss is opposite to motion, p, p x, p y, Δ E decrease
Momentum gain is purely longitudinal
emittance
inp
cool out RFp p p= +Δ
abspΔ
Absorber Plate
Longitudinal Emittance Exchange
zRFpΔ
inp
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Transverse cooling
Helical Cooling ChannelA li fill d ith hi h h d d i b dd d i t ti
Combined function magnet (invisible in this picture)
A linac filled with high pressure hydrogen gas and imbedded in strong magnetic fields has been proposed to rapidly cool muon beams
Blue: Beam envelopeRed: Reference orbit
g ( )Solenoid + Helical dipole + Helical Quadrupole
Blue: Beam envelope
Dispersive component makes longer path length for higher momentum particle and shorter path length for
2
z
pap
φπκλ
= =
lower momentum particle.
zp
z
z
f b p
f b pϕ
ϕ
↑
↓
∝ ⋅
∝ − ⋅Repulsive force
Attractive force
( )central z zef b p b pm ϕ ϕ= ⋅ − ⋅
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zf pϕ↓
Both terms have opposite signs.
Parametric Resonance CoolingTransport channel (between consecutive absorbers) designed to replenish large angular component, x’, sector of the phase-space, ‘mined’ by ionization cooling process.
Normal elliptical motion of a particle’s transverse coordinate in phase
′xx =const
Normal elliptical motion of a particle s transverse coordinate in phase space becomes hyperbolic (half-integer resonance) – resulting beam emittance has a wide spread in x’ and very narrow spread in x. Wed Jun 21 11:47:31 2006 OptiM - MAIN: - D:\Cooling Ring\Snake Channel\snake_100_1.opt
5 3
BE
TA
_X
&Y
[m]
DIS
P_X
&Y
[m]
100
0 -3
BETA_X BETA_Y DISP_X DISP_Y
beam extension beam extensiondisp. anti-suppr. disp supprn periodic PIC/REMEX cells (n=2)beam extensionRF cavityskew quad
d sp a t supp disp. suppr.
snake - footprint
100
150
200
x [ c m]
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0
50
100
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1000
z [ c m]
Epicyclic Helical Solenoid
zikzikT eBeBB 21 |||| 21 +=
3030
• Superimposed transverse magnetic fields with two spatial periods
2020
• Variable dispersion function
1.5
1010
0.5
1
XY-plane
-1.5 -1 -0.5 0.5 1 1.5
-1
-0.5 k1=-2k2B1=2B2 -1
0
-101
-1
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-1.5
1 2EXAMPLE
1 0 11 0
Neutrino Factory Muon Collider Collaboration
US I t ti l
National LabsArgonne
UniversitiesColumbia
National LabsBudker
UniversitiesKarlsruhe
US International
BNLFermilab
LBNLOak Ridge
CornellIIT
IndianaMichigan State
DESYINFN
JINR, DubnaKEK
Imperial CollegeLancaster
OsakaOxford
Jefferson Lab MississippiNorthern Illinois
PrincetonUC-Berkeley
RALTRIUMF
PohangTel Aviv
Corporate PartnersUC-DavisUC-Los Angeles
UC-RiversideUniversity of Chicago
Corporate PartnersMuons Inc*
Tech-X Corporation
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Summary
• Muon Colliders & Neutrino Factories will require innovative SRF linacs to: cool/compress and ‘shape’ them into a beam and finally to rapidly accelerate them to multi – GeV (NF) & TeV (MC) i(MC) energies
• Large acceptance Recirculating Linacs − rapid acceleration and effective longitudinal bunch compression
• ‘Dogbone’ (Single Linac) RLA has advantages over the ‘Racetrack’
• better orbit separation for higher passes
• offers symmetric solution for simultaneous acceleration of μ+ and μ-offers symmetric solution for simultaneous acceleration of μ and μ
• Pulsed linac multi-pass Optics….even larger number of passes is possible if the quadrupole focusing can be increased as the beam energy increases
E t C li A li fill d ith hi h h d d i b dd d i t• Extreme Cooling − A linac filled with high pressure hydrogen gas and imbedded in strong magnetic fields has been proposed to rapidly cool muon beams
• Helical Cooling channel
P i R E i li h l
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• Parametric Resonance – Epicyclic channels