Explorers & Settlements

Chapter 4

Standard 8-1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the settlement of South Carolina and the United States by

Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans. 8-1.2: Compare the motives, activities, and accomplishments of the exploration of South Carolina and North America by the Spanish, French, and English.

Settlement Timeline• 1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on the remains of Charles

Fort’s• 1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on the remains Ft San

Felipe’s• 1607 Jamestown, VA is the First permanent English

settlement in America • 1619 Africans first arrive in America• 1663 Carolina colony given to Lord Proprietors

1566 Spain attempts Ft San Felipe on Charles

Fort’s remains

1576 Spain attempts Ft San Marcos on Ft San Felipe’s remains 1607 Jamestown, VA 1st

permanent settlement in Amercia

1619 Africans first arrive in America 1663 Carolina

colony given to Lord Proprietors

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European Renaissance

Kings (Spain, France, & England)

Planned to become richer and more powerful through trade and owning new lands They financed explorers to find new trade routes and new land to claimFrom the land, they hoped to get natural resources which they could use or sell; either way, they would get richer.

da Vinci’s helicopter diagramda Vinci’s parachute diagram

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Exploration CompetitionSpain, France, and England worked

for a foothold in SC as part of the competition for colonies that would enrich the mother country.

Spanish ExplorationMoney & Power

Trade ($) & Territory

Conquistadors (Spanish Explorers/Conquerors) Claimed large areas of Central & South America

Initially searched for Gold (The 3 G’s) in Florida, SC, and the American SouthwestSoon set up encomiendas (large plantations) on which natives were put to workDisease and overwork would decimated the native population

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3 G’s of Spanish Exploration:1. Gold2. God3. Glory

Spanish Exploration

The Spanish brought in African Slaves to work the plantations and mines to produce more wealth

Built cities & established universities

Brought their complex social class system & style of government

Their Catholic religion

Exploration

Francisco Gordillo (Spanish)•Sent by Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon to explore North America•1st to explore South Carolina•His voyage gave Spain claim to SC

Giovanni da Verrazano (Italian –working for France)•1524 sighted land just north of Myrtle Beach (today) •His voyage gave France claim to SC

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Exploration and Colonies

Hernando de Soto• April 1540 led an expedition across the

Savannah River• Entered Indian settlement Cofitachequi

– Stayed 2 weeks

• Moved towards present day North Carolina• Headed west & died in Mississippi River Area• 1st European to see the interior of South

Carolina

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ExplorationSan Miguel de Gualdalpe•1st settlement attempted in SC by Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon (Spanish)Located on the Waccamaw River (Near present-day Georgetown)

•Settlers included some African slaves from Santo DomingoSettlement wiped out by a cold winter, food shortages, and disease San Miguel was abandoned

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Spanish SettlementsFt. San Felipe (Spanish)Built on the abandoned settlement of Charlesfort, again trying to establish a foothold in SC This settlement survived for ten years until it was attacked by Native Americans Survivors fled to St. Augustine, Florida –1st permanent European settlement in North AmericaFt. San Marcos (Spanish)

oAttempted on same location as San FelipeoSent missionaries to convert natives to Catholicism oAnother Failed settlement

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French ExplorationSearching for the Northwest PassageSailed down the St. Lawrence River and

claimed the region for France. Established settlements at Montreal and

QuebecFrenchmen traveled along the rivers,

including the Mississippi River, and claimed those lands for France, naming it Louisiana after their king.

St. Lawrence River

French Exploration

Although relatively few Frenchmen settled in these cold climates, they brought their culture with them.

French Protestants (Huguenots)were not allowed to immigrate to the New World so the French colony was Catholic

French traders established good relations with the native peoples

Relied on the Natives for trade in furs.

Exploration

Charlesfort (French)Jean Ribault led Huguenots to America in 1562Built a fort near present day Beaufort (Parris Island)Named water Port RoyalLater abandoned

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English Exploration• English explorers also sailed along the coast of

North America, claiming these lands for the English King.– They would later establish permanent settlements

along the eastern coast naming them Virginia and New England.

• Some settlers were attracted to these regions by the hope for the discovery of gold & stayed to grow tobacco.

• Others were fleeing from religious persecution in England & founded societies based on their shared religious values

• All English settlers brought their culture, including their language, Protestant religions, and ideas about self-government, with them to the New World.

Exploration and ColoniesAlbemarle Point

•Settlement founded by English•Became the 1st permanent colony (Charles Town) in SC•The location offered many advantages to the settlers because of it’s natural harbors. •South Carolina became an economically important colony for the British.

Original location of Charles Town

After whom were the rivers named?