Exploring American Exploring American HistoryHistory

American HistoryAmerican HistoryUnit VII – The Beginning of Modern AmericaUnit VII – The Beginning of Modern AmericaChapter 22 Section 1- The United States Gains Chapter 22 Section 1- The United States Gains

Overseas TerritoriesOverseas Territories

The United States Gains The United States Gains Overseas TerritoriesOverseas Territories

The Big Idea

In the last half of the 1800s, the United States joined the race for control of overseas territories.

Main Ideas

• The United States ended its policy of isolationism.

• Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

• The United States sought trade with Japan and China.

Main Idea 1:Main Idea 1:The United States ended its policy of The United States ended its policy of

isolationism.isolationism.

Powerful Western nations were building naval bases to protect shipping routes in the 1800s.

• Was an aspect of imperialism: building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations

• Europeans extended colonial empires to control most of Africa and Southeast Asia during 1870–1914.

European countries wanted sources of raw materials, new markets for manufactured goods, and increased national pride.

Meanwhile, the United States followed a limited policy of isolationism– avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries.

America’s Policy ShiftsAmerica’s Policy Shifts By the late 1800s, some Americans wanted

to end isolationism in order to• Expand and keep the economy strong

• Protect economic interests by building a strong navy with many overseas bases

United States began building an empire in late 1800s

Purchased Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million in 1867• Called “Seward’s Folly” for Secretary of State William

H. Seward, who negotiated the purchase of what critics called the “Alaskan Icebox”

Annexed Pacific Ocean territories • Midway Island in 1867

• Samoa in 1899

Imperialist ActivityImperialist Activity Imperialism: Extending a nation’s power over Imperialism: Extending a nation’s power over

other lands.other lands. Causes of U.S. ExpansionismCauses of U.S. Expansionism

• Economic- Desire for new markets and raw materialsEconomic- Desire for new markets and raw materials• Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling stations.Military- Desire for naval bases and coaling stations.• Ideological- desire to bring Christianity, western-style Ideological- desire to bring Christianity, western-style

culture and democracy to other peoples.culture and democracy to other peoples. Scramble for territory- 1800’sScramble for territory- 1800’s

• European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the European powers- Africa, Asia and dominating the economy of Latin Americaeconomy of Latin America

• America believed it was its “manifest destiny” to America believed it was its “manifest destiny” to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now people expand westward to the Pacific Ocean, and now people sought lands even further west.sought lands even further west.

End of IsolationEnd of Isolation Identify-Identify- Which areas of the Which areas of the

world did Europeans try to world did Europeans try to control between 1870-1914?control between 1870-1914?

Recall-Recall- Name three forces that Name three forces that drove European imperialism.drove European imperialism.

Contrast-Contrast- What is isolationism? What is isolationism? What did the opponents of What did the opponents of isolationism believe?isolationism believe?

Main Idea 2:Main Idea 2:Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.Hawaii became a U.S. territory in 1898.

Americans owned most shops and shipyards in Hawaii by 1840s.

Sugar became a leading export and the industry prospered.

After Liliuokalani became queen and proposed a new constitution, planters led a revolt and set up their own revolutionary government supported by the United States.

Congress annexed the Hawaiian Islands in 1898, but it did not become the fiftieth state until 1959.

Planters forced the Hawaiian king to sign a new constitution granting them more legislative power.

Influence in HawaiiInfluence in Hawaii

Early ContactEarly Contact• British in 1778British in 1778• Chief Kamehameha- united eight Chief Kamehameha- united eight

islands and established a kingdom.islands and established a kingdom.• Americans arrive- traders and Americans arrive- traders and

missionaries.missionaries.• Foreigners brought diseases.Foreigners brought diseases.

Sugar cane and powerSugar cane and power• Investors in the Sugar Cane industry Investors in the Sugar Cane industry

began to increase their control and began to increase their control and their profits. Sanford B. Dole.their profits. Sanford B. Dole.

• King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to King Kalakaua got a treaty in 1875 to allow Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax allow Hawaiian sugar to enter U.S. tax free and make it the cheapest sugar.free and make it the cheapest sugar.

Kamehameha designed a fleet of war canoes called peleleu and were mounted with guns for his conquest of the Hawaiian Islands.

Taking Control of HawaiiTaking Control of Hawaii Plotting against the king and the end of the Plotting against the king and the end of the

monarchymonarchy• Hawaiian League- secret organization to Hawaiian League- secret organization to

overthrow the king and establish democracy- overthrow the king and establish democracy- American business leaders, planters and traders.American business leaders, planters and traders.

• Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakaua- Bayonet constitution- forced on King Kalakaua- he lost power, his people couldn’t vote and Pearl he lost power, his people couldn’t vote and Pearl Harbor went to the Americans.Harbor went to the Americans.

• Sugar treaty rejectedSugar treaty rejected Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power Queen Liliuokalani- planned to restore power

of the monarchy.of the monarchy.• 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and 4 boatloads of U.S. Marines surround palace and

Queen surrenders.Queen surrenders.• Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as Sanford B. Dole, sugar tycoon, chosen as

president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S. president and Hawaii declared to be under U.S. protection.protection.

Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of Annexation- Not all presidents were in favor of this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii this. McKinley would vote for it . Hawaii become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.become U.S. territory and finally state in 1959.

Hawaii becomes a TerritoryHawaii becomes a Territory

Explain- Explain- What happened What happened in 1875 that helped the in 1875 that helped the Hawaiian sugar industry Hawaiian sugar industry grow?grow?

Predict- Predict- What would What would native Hawaiians learn native Hawaiians learn from the missionaries?from the missionaries?

Main Idea 3:Main Idea 3:The United States sought trade The United States sought trade

with Japan and China.with Japan and China. The island nation of Japan was isolated

from the rest of the world. The United States wanted to open Japan’s

markets before Europeans arrived. Commodore Matthew Perry was sent on a

mission to Japan to secure friendship and commerce in 1853 and failed.

Perry returned to Japan in 1854 with a show of power and many gifts.

A commercial treaty was negotiated in 1858.

By the 1890s, Japan was itself an imperial power.

Influence in JapanInfluence in Japan

1853- Commodore 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry sent to get Matthew Perry sent to get trade treaty with Japan. trade treaty with Japan. Japanese awed by U.S. Japanese awed by U.S. naval strength- naval strength- Treaty of Treaty of Kanagwa 1854.Kanagwa 1854.

Japanese modernizationJapanese modernization Japan seized Taiwan in Japan seized Taiwan in

1895.1895.

Spheres of Influence

• Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War, 1894–95.

• Other countries wanted to set up spheres of influence, areas where they could control trade and natural resources, in China

Open Door Policy

• U.S. Secretary of State John Hay set forth an Open Door Policy.

• Policy stated that all nations should have equal access to trade in China.

Foreign Powers in ChinaForeign Powers in ChinaBoxer Rebellion

• China resented foreign control.

• Nationalists attacked foreign settlements in Beijing in Boxer Rebellion in 1900.

• Boxers were defeated, China paid a fine, and the Open Door policy remained.

Open Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 3:28 minOpen Door Policy and Boxer Rebellion- 3:28 min.

U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and ChinaU.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China

Recall- Recall- Why did President Why did President Fillmore send Commodore Perry Fillmore send Commodore Perry to Japan?to Japan?

Identify Cause and Effect- Identify Cause and Effect- Why Why had European powers not yet had European powers not yet formed trade ties with Japan?formed trade ties with Japan?

EvaluateEvaluate – What do you think – What do you think about the actions of Commodore about the actions of Commodore Perry toward the Japanese?Perry toward the Japanese?

U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and ChinaU.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China

Recall- Recall- How was the United States How was the United States 1899 Open Door Policy treated by the 1899 Open Door Policy treated by the European powers and Japan?European powers and Japan?

Sequence- Sequence- What series of events in What series of events in 1868, 1895 and 1905 led to Japan 1868, 1895 and 1905 led to Japan becoming a world power?becoming a world power?

EvaluateEvaluate – If you were a Chinese – If you were a Chinese nationalist, what would you think of nationalist, what would you think of being within the sphere of influence being within the sphere of influence of so many other countries?of so many other countries?

U.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and ChinaU.S. Seeks Trade With Japan and China

Recall- Recall- How long did the Boxers How long did the Boxers siege of the foreigners’ walled siege of the foreigners’ walled settlement last?settlement last?

EvaluateEvaluate – What is your opinion – What is your opinion about China being forced to about China being forced to make a $333 million payment to make a $333 million payment to foreign governments after the foreign governments after the Boxer rebellion?Boxer rebellion?