exploring business-architecture
TRANSCRIPT
Customer
OutboundInbound
Support
Transport
Process
Check and prepare vehicle
Road Transport Operations
Drop Off Orders & empty containers
Handle vehicle incidents (breakdowns,
re-fuel, etc.)
Capture transport run events
Drive transport vehicle between locations
Pick Up Orders & empty containers
Complete preparation of orders into consignments
Commence carrier service
Carrier staff verify consignment details & hand
over consignment to contractor
Lodge consignments with carrier
Verify / accept consignment Visit "trans-ship" port
Complete carrier service
Receive & verify consignments
Handle consignment exceptions
Separate and store containers etc. in preparation
for transport to facility
Domestic Carrier Transport Operations
Planning & Monitoring of Carrier Services
Determine required lodgement &
handover times
Receive new/ updated schedules
from carriers
Develop & maintain carrier lodgement
schedules
Monitor carrier services & provide corrective action
Assess disputed/late consignments
Transport Facility Management
Time and Attendance
Monitoring & Control
Review Facility Performance & implement
improvements
Planning & Scheduling
Staffing & Rostering
Manage
Stream orders into production
batches
Manage batch containers prior
to pick up
Consolidate Orders
Create & Maintain Facility NCR-Code
Plans
Estimate Production Volumes
Plan & Schedule Production Operations
Staffing & Rostering
Time and Attendance
Monitor Order Processing
Review Facility Performance & imp.
improvements
Corrective Action for Processing
Quality Control
Dock Management
Production Management
Corrective Action for Transport &
Delivery
Materials Receipt and Verification
Inspection of inbound materials
Process “Under Bond” Materials
Process Hazardous Materials
Handover Materials to Warehouse
Licensee Outbound Operations
Inspection of outbound product
Prepare licensee consignment for
despatch
Capture outbound volumes and
events
Despatch outbound product via licensee
carrier
Receive Transfers at Facility
Transfers Damage Check
Slotting / Sequencing
Interleaving
Pre-Mould Verify
Slippage Adjustment
Batch Alignment for Moulding
Pre-Production Processing at
Facility
Capture Processing Events
Prepare Customer Transfer
Plan Transfer Production
Prepare Transfer Data
Prepare Transfer Production
Prepare Transfer Documentation
Support Customer Bulk Orders
Advise customer of bulk-order
issues
Manage Customer Order
Quality
Support customer bulk orders
Handle Customer Complaints &
Inquiries
Receive & record notification of
problems
Investigate & resolve problems
Report Status of Order
Handle general inquiries
Process Service Requests
Process Requests
Process Other Requests
Process Payment for Service
Consumable Tools
ManagementSpecify Tools requirements
Acquire & Locate Consumable Tools
Maintain inventory of Consumable Tools
Manage & perform maintenance of
Consumable Tools
Container & Label Management
Specify container requirements
Acquire & Supply Containers
Manage & perform maintenance of
containers
Maintain inventory of containers
Label Policy & Design
Manage Label Stock
Specify vehicle requirements
Vehicle Management
Purchase or Lease vehicles (&
accessories)
Dispose of vehicles
Maintain inventory of vehicles
Manage contracts with fuel suppliers
Monitor payments to fuel suppliers
Manage allocation of vehicles to facilities
Manage vehicle registration &
insurance
Prepare claims for diesel & alternative
fuel grant
Manage maintenance of
vehicles
Design, Specify & Evaluate New
Equipment
Purchase/Dispose Equipment &
Spares
Install & Relocate Equipment
Develop Maintenance
Strategies
Monitor & Optimise Performance &
Reliability
Equipment Management
Ensure Logistics & OH&S Compliance
Manage Equipment Configuration
Manage Technical Documents &
Support Systems
Manage Inventory, Repairs & Stores
Infrastructure
Property Management
Specify Property Requirements
Acquire Property
Dispose of Property
Manage Building Administration
Establish & Maintain Relationships with
Licensees
Manage Relationship with
Licensees
Calculate Revenue due from Licensees
Specify materials requirements
Materials Management
Acquire & Locate Materials
Maintain inventory of Materials
Select & Manage Asset Maintenance Service Providers
Evaluate & select Asset Maintenance Service Providers
Establish & maintain Asset Maintenance
Contracts
Monitor Service Provider performance
Terminate Contract
Manage Transport Sub-Contractors
Maintain Contractor Service Information
Evaluate & Select Transport
Contractors
Establish & Maintain Transport Contracts
Monitor Contractor Performance
Manage Payments to Contractors
Terminate Contract
Select & Manage Agencies
Evaluate & Select Agencies
Establish & Maintain Contracts with
Agencies
Monitor Agencies Performance
Manage Payments To/From Agencies
Terminate Contract with Agency
NCR-Code Management
NCR-Data Strategy, Policy &
Procedures
Maintain NCR Information
Maintain Machine Configuration Data
NCR Configuration Improvement
Manage Machine-Specific NCR Configuration
NCR Code-Sharing Management &
Support
Processing Policy, Procedures & Governance
Processing Strategies
Sorting Strategy & Design
Develop Processing Plans
Measurement of Service Quality
Measure Financial Performance
Measurement of Resource Utilisation
Performance Analysis
Performance Management
Production Systems
Initiate Project
Evaluate Solutions
Finalise Project
Systems support & maintenance
Develop / Enhance System
Implement System
Determine business systems
strategies
Systems control & Administration
Specify Facility Requirements
Model Proposed Solutions
Select & Design Preferred Solution
Plan & Schedule Facility
Development
Implement Facility Changes
Construct Facilities & Equipment
Facility / Infrastructure Design & Development
Production Planning
Determine prod’n strategy & direction
Capacity Planning
Investment Planning
Determine prod’n principles &
policies
Legislative Compliance
Develop & maintain Dangerous Goods
policies & procedures
Production Capability Analysis
Manage Facility Information
Define Costing Reference Data
Maintain Prod’n Structure
Information
Define terminology, & codes
Manage barcoding standards, formats & characteristics
Manage central storage of event
information
Manage inventory of
scanners
Manage central storage of production
volumes
I nternational CarrierTransport Operations
Receive inbound containers at origin
port
Handover outbound containers at
destination port
Transport bond containers from origin port to destination port
Manage Core Business
Develop Business Strategies
Manage business performance &
operations
Co-ordinate Projects
Develop Business Plans Manage Projects
Develop business perf. measures
& targets
Receive Container from Contractor
Drop-Off
Setup forContractorDelivery
Receive Misdirected Container from
Contractor
Deliver Container via Contractor
Record errors & notify customer
Store articles
Verify Customer Pick-up
Handle Undeliverables
(including missorts)
Calculate Priority Delivery Charge
Capture Contractor Delivery Events
Despatch Container for Contractor
Pick-Up
Handle delivery vehicle incidents
Check & Prepare Delivery Vehicles
Document Handover to Transport
Driver
CaptureNon-Contractor Delivery Events
Setup forNon-Contractor
Delivery
Handle Customer Returns
Deliver Container to Customer
Operate Vehicle for Transport Runs
Drop Off / Pick Up at Facility Depot
Establish Production Volumes
Time and Attendance
Monitor Post-Production Operations
Corrective Action
Review Facility Performance &
Implement Improvements
Manage Post-Production Operations
Staffing & Rostering
Plan & Schedule Operations
NCR-Code Updates
Capture Machine Configuration
Changes
Capture Tool Changes
Capture Machine Changes
Capture and Notify NCR-Code Changes
Equipment Maintenance
Plan & Schedule Equipment
Maintenance
Perform & Reord Equipment
Maintenance
Correct & Record Equipment Faults &
Parts Usage
Monitor & Report Maintenance Compliance
Modify Equipment
Optimise Equipment
Performance & Reliability
Handle Non-Valid Orders
Machine Preparation
Moulding
Capture volumes & machine statistics
Prepare agency consignments
Prepare product for road transport
Production Operations
Capture production events
Inward Dock Operations
Initial Preparation
Move Product between
processing steps
Order Configuration
Machine Production
Manual Preparation
Capture Order
Assemble Order
Prepare order documentation
Accept from Contractor
Accept Agency Order
Capture inbound order events
Receive inbound order from agency
Print & apply agency identifier
labels
Reconciliation of agency bills &
orders
Record agency order violations
Handover order documentation to transport driver
Receive Order Lodgement
Accept at Facility
Receive electronic order via internet
Process electronic order via email
Verify Order
Preparation & Streaming
Handle Rejected Orders
Capture Order information
Process Payment for Order
Handover Order to Transport
Driver
Capture actual acceptance
events
Verify Order
Accept at Customer Location
Finance
Provide Financial Analysis & Direction
Support Business Cases
Produce budgets & forecasts
Manage Financial Policy & Procedures
Record & monitor expenditure
Human Resources
Succession Planning Recruitment Maintain employee
recordsOccupational Health
& Safety Operational Training Leave AdministrationStaff Development Industrial Relations
Facility Administration
General Administration
Perform & Manage Stores Function
Manage Technical Documents
Maintain Technical Help Desk
Capture Consolidation
Events
Accept Inbound Requests
…“can I go to sleep now, please?”…
Meet this guy…
(He’s named Charles Hoy Fort.)(see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fort for more about him)
…famed for collecting records and factsabout the anomalous and the weird…
…such as rains of fishes and frogs…
“Whatever theory you have,there’ll always be something
that doesn’t fit”
and as a journalist and researcher,his basic principle was…
- sounds kinda familiar, maybe?
What name in your system?Typical UK-style name-structure for database:
•Title (mandatory: select from picklist)
•Forename (mandatory: 30 characters max)
•Middle-name (optional: 30 characters max)
•Surname (mandatory: 30 characters max)
•Suffix (optional: select from picklist)
Easy, right? – well, let’s take a real example…
What name in your system?UK-style name:
•Mr Pablo Diego Ruiz
Full legal birth-name:
•Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso
What name in your system?UK-style name:
•Mr Pablo Diego Ruiz
Full legal birth-name:
•Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Ruiz y Picasso
You probably know him as:
Driver’s licence, please?Real simple, right?
Hmm… maybe not so simpleafter all?
The same for everyone, surely?
Hensel twins’ driver-licences >>
Driver’s licence, please?On the flight: One ticket, one seat, two
passengers, two passportsIn the car: Two drivers behind the wheel,
each legally liable
A tension exists between what is, and what we want.
The vision describes the desired-ends for action;values guide action, describing how success would feel.
Why anything happens
A service represents a means toward an end – ultimately, the desired-ends of the enterprise-vision.
The nature of service
Services exchange value with each other, to help each service reach toward their respective vision and outcome.
Relations between services
“We create an architecturefor an organisation,
but about an enterprise.”Tom Graves, Mapping the Enterprise, Tetradian, 2010
Why architecture?
Organisation aligns with structure, enterprise with story.We need a balance of both for the architecture to work.
“An organisation is bounded byrules, roles and responsibilities;
an enterprise is bounded byvision, values and commitments.”
Tom Graves, Mapping the Enterprise, Tetradian, 2010
What architecture?
Organisation aligns with structure, enterprise with story.We need a balance of both for the architecture to work.
If the organisation says it ‘is’ the enterprise,there’s no shared-story - and often, no story at all.
Whose story?
The minimum real enterprise is the supply-chain - a story of shared interactions and transactions.
Whose story?
The organisation and enterprise of the supply-chain take place within a broader organisation of the market.
Whose story?
The market itself exists within a context of ‘intangible’ interactions with the broader shared-enterprise story.
Whose story?
The story is not solely at the whole-of-business level- we can generalise it to any type or level of context
Whose story?
Services link together in chains or webs, as structured and/or unstructured processes, to deliver more complex and
versatile services or stories
Supply-chain or value-web
…which brings us to…
a matterof perspective!
- yeah, which way we look at things does kinda matter here…
Perspectives and journeys
Service-delivery is a journey of interactionswhere ‘inside-out’ (the organisation’s perspective)
touches ‘outside-in’ (the customer’s / supplier’s perspective)
Outside-in…
CC-BY Fretro via Flickr
“Customers do not appear
in our processes,we appear in
their experiences”Chris Potts, recrEAtion, Technics, 2010
A stakeholder is anyonewho can wielda sharp-pointed stakein our direction…
CC-BY-NC-SA evilpeacock via Flickr
Who are the stakeholders?
(Hint: there are a lot more of them than we might at first think…)
Narrative and storyhelp us to identify
what needs to happen- including the exceptions
and uniquenesses…
The role of narrative:
Alan Klement: Replacing ‘User-Story’ with ‘Job-Story’
Structuring a story-fragment…
http://alanklement.blogspot.co.uk/2013/09/replacing-user-story-with-job-story.html
What kind of story?
SCRIPTED(simple rules and checklists)
CC-BY The-Vikkodamus via Flickr CC-BY-SA seeminglee via Flickr
IMPROVISED(guidelines and principles)
ANALYSED(complicated algorithms)
ADAPTED(complex patterns)
PREDICTABLE UNPREDICTABLE
Stories are fractal…
…recursion and fractality within systems and storiesCC-BY-NC-SA gjshepherd via Flickr
…will User-Story or Job-Storybe enough for all of this?
Short-answer:useful, no doubt, but probably
not enough on their own
- we’re going to need a broader approach…
Stage
CC-BY-SA xdxd_vs_xdxd via Flickr
Scene
Actor
ActorStage
Stage
Stage
A narrative-oriented view
Scene
Scene
Stage
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NOTES-H ?- what the heck’s that?
“Narrative Oriented Transformationof Enterprise Services
- Holomap version”
- yeah, it’s kinda cumbersome, I know…
- but it’s just a name, don’t worry about it, okay?
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stage / setting
front-of-stage
backstage
audience
scene
actor / agent / extras
Extras are kind of‘active scenery’…
- they’re not part of the story as such,but the scene won’t work well
without them…
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“Each traverse througha business-process
is a self-contained storywith its own actors, actions
and events”
Process as story
Tom Graves, The Enterprise As Story, Tetradian, 2012
Each segment of a storyis a scene…
- each scene should havea distinct begin, middle, end
and outcome…
Scenes in the story
Split story into identifiable scenes, with begin, middle, end
CC-BY TheArches via Flickr
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Staging the story
…infrastructure, systems etc as the stageCC-BY-ND Costa Rica’s Call Center via Flickr
Setting the mood…how does the stage-set itself drive the story forward?
CC-BY-SA Eva Rinaldi via Flickr
Maintain the mood
Computers may not have feelings, but people do:how does the stage-set support the mood we need?
CC-BY-ND alanclarkdesign via Flickr
Maintain the mood
Computers may not have feelings, but people do:how does the stage-set support the mood we need?
CC-BY-ND alanclarkdesign via Flickr
Framing the action
CC-BY Vlima.com via Flickr
…in what ways does the frame itself constrain the story?
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Visible and invisible
…what else should be in front of the curtain? – what behind?
CC-BY Mickey Thurman via Flickr
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Visible and invisible
…what state is that infrastructure in, behind the curtain?CC-BY Princess Theatre via Flickr
Visible and invisible
…what state is that infrastructure in, behind the curtain?CC-BY-SA LanSmash via Flickr
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In short…
…we must pay attentionto the story as a whole!
- not just the easy bits…
Context, context, context…
Practical:
Use the NOTES checklistto assess the story
and its contextWhat are the respective
needs, trade-offs, drivers?
Identify what is needed to balance the relations and priorities of all stakeholders.
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“The world* is made of stories”• The enterprise is a story – an overarching theme• Enterprise as an ongoing story of relations
between people – the actors of the story• Enterprise-story comprised of many smaller stories
– the scenes or story-lines (aka ‘processes’)• Enterprise-story takes place in a setting – the stage
and its context, location, props etc• Stories thrive on tension, conflict and uncertainty
– whereas machines generally don’t…*‘the world’ including – perhaps especially – the business-world…
It’s easier to engage people in the architectureif they can have fun
whilst they’re doing it!
The real punchline for this story:
Contact: Tom Graves
Company: Tetradian Consulting
Email: [email protected]
Twitter: @tetradian ( http://twitter.com/tetradian )
Weblog: http://weblog.tetradian.com
Slidedecks: http://www.slideshare.net/tetradian
Publications: http://tetradianbooks.com and http://leanpub.com/u/tetradian
Books: • The enterprise as story: the role of narrative in enterprise-architecture (2012)
• Mapping the enterprise: modelling the enterprise as services with the Enterprise Canvas (2010)
• Everyday enterprise-architecture: sensemaking, strategy, structures and solutions (2010)
• Doing enterprise-architecture: process and practice in the real enterprise (2009)
Further information: