exploring neuronal networks in vivofiles.meetup.com/19219913/sabria lagoun - exploring neural...
TRANSCRIPT
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Exploring Neuronal Networks In Vivo
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Input / output
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Layer
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What’s up, Brain?
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‘Cognition is an emergent property of anatomy’
Let’s copy it!
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I: Reverse Engineering
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Reverse engineering steps
• Assess physiology
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Determining transfer function
MorphologyNeurotransmitter
Plasticity...
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Determining transfer function
Jiang, Science, 2015
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Reverse engineering steps
• Assess physiology
• Reproducing circuits neuron by neuron
• Feed it with relevant input
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C. Elegans
302 neurons
Openworm
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C. Elegans
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C. Elegans
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Mammals: the BlueBrain Project
Markram, EPFL
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Blue Brain Project Limitations
The project’s current reconstructions reproduce [...] asmall part of the neocortex of young rats (about one third
of a cubic millimetre of cortical tissue).
In fact, the BBP’s latest reconstruction [...] representing
less than 1% of the synaptic connections in the circuit.
Markram, EPFLEuropean Human Brain Project: ~ 1.3 Billion Euros
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IBM output
IBM website
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II. Encoding
Wilson, 1993
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How are neuronal networks representing information?
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Neuroscientist Toolbox
Monitor neuronal networks
Neuronal scale: in space and time
Synchronise complex behavior: in space and
time
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Resolution is critical
EEG MRI
=measure of blood-flow oxygen levels
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Electrodes
Max Planck Institute
We measure Volts! (microVolts)
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Electrodes
Max Planck Institute
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Tetrodes
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Tetrodes
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Silicon probes
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Buzsaki64, NeuroNexus
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Calcium-imaging
Motor cortex M1 of running mouseDaniel Huber 2009, Svoboda Lab, JFRC
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Behavioral setups
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The Task
Kepecs, 2013
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• Extract rules of cognitive processing
– > What is represented in the brain?• Stimulus / Reward / Decision / Self-evaluation /
Memories?
How is it encoded?
– > What are the dynamics of learning?
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Reward prediction
Example for one neuron
Schultz, 1997
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Reward prediction
Schultz, 1997
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Reward prediction
Schultz, 1997
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Reward prediction
Schultz, 1997
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Reward prediction
Schultz, 1997
Error message
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Topics of interest
• Cognitive flexibility
• Decision-making (gambling task)
• Spatial navigation
• Meta-cognition (confidence)
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At a network level
Yassa, 2013
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Dynamic properties
Colgin, 2016
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III. Meant to be?
Somogyi, 2013
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How about the neuronal types?
Kepecs, 2014
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How about the neuronal types?
Kepecs, 2014
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How about the neuronal types?
Kepecs, 2014
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How about the neuronal types?
Kepecs, 2014
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Optogenetics
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Optogenetic tagging
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Control information flow
Répertoire of neurons ‘Fit to function’
Pi, 2013
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Connectivity
Network operation
Behavioralengagement
Type of neuron
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Building Bridges