exploring on-line corpora of american and british english an analysis

8/8/2019 Exploring on-line Corpora of American and British English an Analysis

1/22

1

Exploring on-line corpora of American and British English: an analysis

BEDSITThe word is used in both varieties, but it is more frequent in British English, where it is used inalmost all registers, while in the American Corpus it appears only in 5 concordance lines, almost allreferred to the same source.

Core meaning: house, small flat:[in up in Holyhead. I moved back to Holyhead and been living in a bedsit since June.. Er and I gotthe job at the Centre in August]

[and Lisa Hunt. In 1973, I was living in Dublin in a teeny bedsit with three other women. It was thekind of rabbit warren in which you]

The word can refer both to (A) a flat composed of only one room where to live and sleep, and (B)an accommodation where everyone has his/her own room but shares the bathroom and the kitchen.

(A) [job. Derek switches on a bright overhead light as we step into his bedsit. Just what I

imagined: a high-ceilinged room with a few indiscriminate pieces of](B) [she just wanders about. She gets up dont want to stay in the bedsit. One room she she shares abathroom and kitchen. She just goes for]

The word is usually used literally, even if in some concordance lines (from the same source [TheSmiths Biography]) bedsit is used metaphorically.

[for The Smiths] within the record. True enough, Morrissey disregarded his original bedsit self pityand began to write from the third person. In short, the album]

[abandonment, Heaven Knows pushed The Smiths further into the badlands ofbedsit squalor, aGodsend for those who couldnt stomach the effortless polish of Sade]

Evaluative use ofbedsit: usually negative, often conveyed by the adjectives that go with it:[an extent that I am unable to work; I am living in a filthy bedsit and the floor is strewn with piecesof paper that I am unable to make]

Lexical and grammatical associations

bedsit + ACCOMODATION / FLAT / HOUSE

[as far as I can gather, its just their jargon for a bedsit house. One person living there has tobe a Sally Ann person of some][and the Mansha family over damage to the meter and a window at his bedsit flat in Marton Road,Middlesbrough. Mr Meehan denied making threats to kill and][officer Steve Beamson said: The decision should be seen as a warning that bedsit accommodationshould be kept in reasonable condition. Few cases end up in court]

ADJ + bedsit > adjectivesthat usually convey a negative connotation to the word analysed (asalready said in the evaluative use of the word):

[ let Rose Cottage, while she herself eked out a miserable existence in some drearybedsit in Axminton.Let somebody else take on Johnny and his bloody war, she][came out. Just the name of a hostel. Then he had a grubbybedsit. Now he has a home. Ive neverreally lived normally before]

IN + ART. or POSS.+bedsit

[she just wanders about. She gets up don't want to stay in the bedsit. One room she she shares abathroom and kitchen. She just goes for]

No fixed expressions or idioms were found.


2/22

2

BUNKIt is used in both American and British English.It is polysemous and it can denote:(1) noun:(a) bunk = a bed that is attached to the wall, usually on a train or ship (especially used in British

English);[as sultry dancer Fatima, had to finishing filming with a romp in a ship bunk. "Several people haveasked what it was like to have to film scenes]

(b) bunk = two beds that are attached together, one on top of the other (especially used in AmericanEnglish; in British English it is often plural BUNK BEDS)

[a huge apartment complex, she lives with her family in a single room with bunkbeds. Sevenfamilies share the single bathroom down the hall. // " Instead]

(c) bunk = a nonsense, something that is not true, that you say to deceive someone.

[woman have ushered in a futuristic era of political tolerance and open-mindedness. It's bunk, all ofit, and nobody understands this better than John McCain. With]

(d) DO a bunk = to suddenly leave a place

[(to Marshall) So Robbie the Housekeeper's son, whose fatherdid a bunktwenty years ago, gets ascholarship to the local grammar and the Old Man][ 's a ten-year-old girl. And it looks as if Ivor was planning to do a bunk. Perhaps Arabella's deathupset him more than he let on." &bquo;]

(2) verb

(a) bunk = to sleep somewhere, usually in someone elses house or in a camp

[the way. Nearly any wide spot will do. If you're willing to bunkin the backcountry, most back-roadroutes pass quiet campgrounds that remain deliciously underused this][ much of the city's social center to Capitol Hill, where members of Congress bunktogether in town

houses for three and four and make their way at night between]

(b) bunk OFF = not to go to school or to work or leave a place without permission

[Only five minute though. Well it's so bloody boring here. Shall we bunk offthis afternoon. Whathave we got? French I mean German P S]

It is used literally.

Evaluative use: a negative connotation is specific to its meaning (1c) where you say something inorder to deceive or lie to someone.

[Dominick, surely you see this so-called prophecy is a trick, one guaranteed to set you and yourbrother against each other. It's bunk. " " Bunk? " " Lies. Moonshine. "]

Lexical and grammatical associationsMeaning (1a) & (1b)It is often associated with nouns and verbs that highlight its senses:

SHIP, ROOM, CABIN, LAY

[. The air seemed hot and thick as stew; she lay naked on herbunkin a dreamless daze. She did notanswer the comm link, did not][Storyteller 2: Rachel opened the door of a tiny, windowless cabin with two bunkbeds inside.Yehuda: I'm off to explore! Storyteller 1: Yehuda]

[ is as A but with an extra divan bed and additional room with twin orbunkbeds. Both havebalcony, verandah or patio. 100,000 Lire returnable deposit is]


3/22

3

Bunk + BED[Telluride route once sported a lean-to at its most remote site). They include bunkbeds, sleepingbags, a stove, utensils, an outhouse, water,]

It is also accompanied with different adjectives:BOTTOM / TOP / LOWER / NARROW / UPPER + bunk

[ stop thinking about her. Turning off the tape, he lay on the bottom bunkand crossed his armsunder his head. They had nearly run her over.][direction of the noise. He rubbed his eyes and peered down from the top bunk. The uniformedfigure stood in the doorway, eyeing the occupants of the cell]

It is associated with prepositions:IN / ON / ONTO + art/poss /adj + bunk

[If found guilty, Shore could get the death penalty.' # On his bunkin the barracks at ForwardOperating Base Warrior, in the northern Iraqi city of][he shared with Josie. The four of us could sit comfortably on the lowerbunk. He showed me howthe desk worked, folding down with retractable arms,][ tone that belied the trembling of her insides. " You can sleep in yourbunktonight or a pine box. I

really don't give a rat's ass]Bunk + ABOVE + N

[woman with hair as black as midnight and eyes to match slid off the top bunkabove Laurel. " Layoff her, Billie. " // " Keep out of]

N + OF + art/poss/adj + bunk[the cap back on the thermos and stuffed it under the tethered blanket ofherbunk. It bobbed underthe covers. " Come in. " Cayce burst in]

Meaning (1d)

DO + a bunk (to leave suddenly)

[or underclothes or shoes anywhere. They had all gone. She's done a bunk, Mr Trilby said tohimself and he went away to inform the School Governors]

Meaning (2a)

Bunk + DOWN (Phrasal verb = to sleep somewhere)

[folks like to sleep outside when you're on Earth, so feel free to bunkdown wherever you feelcomfortable. " To his son he says, " Your]

Meaning (2b)Bunk + OFF (Phrasal verb = not to go to school or to work or leave a place without permission)

[my science teacher, she said to me,, he used say well they bunk offout of their lessons, they hit the

teachers, she goes, cos she]The analysis shows how lexical and grammatical associations are distributed according to thedifferent senses of the word. It is important to highlight that when bunkdenotes a nonsense, it doesnot have particular associations.

DO A BUNK (to leave without telling anyone) can be considered a fixed expression

SLY

Used in both varieties.

It could be considered a synonym of cunning:

[No, its not easy to catch a fox is it? Why arent they supposed to be captured? Theyre sly.]


4/22

4

[large enough for the body of a giant. His black eyes were restless, sly, and cunning; his mouth andchin bristly with the stubble of a coarse]

(Polysemous) If it is used with nouns like smile, grin, and look, it implies the knowledge ofsomething else related to the conversation, which is not known by everyone:

[Mary had sighed with relief. Herbies face had also lit in a sly smile as Mary had passed. She hadreminded him he would have to speak][ s Minerva Press, isnt it? she said, slanting him a sly look. He glanced over his shoulder.Minerva Press? he repeated]

It is used literally. However, when it is accompanied with fox it is usually metaphorical.

[of peanuts he had thrown onto the paving stones was gone. " What a sly fox! " said Bulkin tohimself, and he threw another handful of peanuts]

Evaluative use: it can have a negative evaluation, especially in its first meaning, where beingcunning and clever involves deception or dishonesty:

[bourgeoisie; while the bourgeoisie, less confident of its ascendancy, has become more sly anddeceitful. Is this progress? Study a packed cross-Channel ferry if you want][abroad. The firms which sell the weapons, driven by profit, become very sly and can trick theirgovernments into allowing export of goods which are illegal. Witness]


Sly appears in association with nouns: HUMOR, FOX, or adjectives such as CUNNING(referring to the first meaning of the word).

[lead . Yet he is far from being a copy book hero. There is slyhumour in the choice of an undersized,bespectacled, studious youth as the instigator]

[of peanuts he had thrown onto the paving stones was gone. " What a sly fox! " said Bulkin tohimself, and he threw another handful of peanuts][is known as " bad press. " Book after book has presented them as sly and cunning. They may looklike gentlemen, but hidden behind the smooth talk]It can also appear with nouns such as SMILE, GRIN, WINK, EYES and LOOK (referring to thesecond meaning of the word);[Turning around to look at me across the aisle, he gave me a sly smile and said in a loud whisper: "Sorry, Dima, haven't][do with the terrible Mona Lisa? " With her faint cryptic smile and hersly eyes, this 16th-centuryportrait is an object of great beauty and greater fame,]

sly + (OLD) DOG/MAN (AmEng)

[ you help me out here? " Griswold gave Carter a look that said you sly old dog, I know exactly whatyou're doing, but what he said][you want? " " As if you don't know. As if that sly man from Switzerland wouldn't have told you. "p152 Even the scarf across]

sly + like a fox (simile that clearly explain the core meaning of the word)

[a Russian word for his best quality, Demko said: khritry, which means sly like a fox. # Yeltsin, inhis 1990 autobiography, even foresaw the]

ON + THE + sly (to do something secretly)

[write, I felt like I was in high school, doing something on the sly. I kept my arm crookedprotectively over the top of the paper, in]

These two last associations are an idiom and a fixed expression respectively.


5/22

5

WINCE

It is used in both British and American English;

Core meaning (1): verb - it denotes a sudden reaction to a specific situation that could be forexample frightening, painful or disgusting.

[ I hit him back. She put out a hand and felt him wince as she found his injured eye. Youre adangerous bastard,]

Polysemous word.

The verb towince can have two different senses defined by two different kinds of reaction:

(A) it could refer to a sudden change in your facial expression

[care Luce made a sweeping gesture with one arm and tried not to wince at the pain. Put itdown to my Sagittarian sense of drama.]

(B) otherwise, it could refer to a sudden tremble of your body:

[beats furiously. My pumps strike the sidewalk, cracking like gun shots. I wince at each step. WhenIm sure that no one at the Josephine Shop]

(2) noun: itusually denotes a facial expression (A) or a shiver (B):

(A) [it s the final refinement of relaxation, said Dimity, and noticed a wince of pain pass over therectors cherubic face. Oh dear, I]

(B) [ready and willing and able to embrace every kind of pain and discomfort without any wince offear. It is believed that their knowledge leaves them on good terms]

The metaphorical use seems to be rare compared with the literal use.

[In our grief, we now wince at the greed of this human being who believes the spirit of Christmas is

to takenot to give.]Lexical and grammatical associations

wince (verb, both senses)

It is often associated with pain, memory, thought; these associations highlight the reasons ofwincing.

[Whats worsen sick? I guess it came to him, because he winced at the thought. Shit, I hope not. He hauled out]

wince + AT + THE + N

[me, yknow... nice. Thanks, Barney. Mr. Thomas tries not to wince at the familiarity. MR.

THOMAS Youre very welcome, Miss Vivian.]

wince + WITH + N

[Prince George's County and around the Beltway in bumper-to-bumper traffic to Bethesda makes mewincewith pain. Is there any way to change jobs or move? Is this]

MAKE + N + wince

[understand . Marcia Anderson gave her hard little laugh. It always made Alice wince . Mike sawyoud taken your violin. You left your baby and]

wince (noun)

wince + OF + N[it 's the final refinement of relaxation," said Dimity, and noticed a wince of pain pass over therector's cherubic face. "Oh dear, I]


6/22

6

WITH + A +wince[only one who's been willing to court me, " Penelope said with a wince. " The others are nice andpolite and then they turn away. Only]

LUMP

Used in both varieties of English. In its core meaning it denotes a piece, a part of somethingIt is polysemous.(1) lump = piece, part of a material, of something solid

[In the lounge of the residential home the white-haired woman was moulding a lump of clay.Around her head she wore, Furu-fashion, the bright band she]

[it a bit and hear a rattling, so I look inside. Theres a lump of ice floating in the carton. I try and getit out with my]

(2) lump = a swelling or something that grows on someones skin, orin someones body and that

can be cause of illness

[! 2:389@ Karen Haas had a mastectomy last year. Then, anotherlump was found. It turned out notto be cancer, but she remains concerned]

[the building. Her first care was for the night watchman. Apart from the lump on the top of his head,he had no other injuries. Though he]

(3) lump = stupid or clumsy (spoken conversation)

[while she were digging garden and she were pregnant. Hes a big fat lump ! Typical her like. Oh! Isaw him looking at her, you]

(4) lump = an amount of money given in a single payment:

[can have twenty this is the best bit, twenty one thousand pound in a lump sum. And then I couldhave a pension which would be seven thousand six]

(5) lump = a feeling that you feel when you want to cry

[I hate it when people cry, cos it makes me want to do the same thing. I sort of get this lump in mythroat and then my eyes start to sting.]

(6) lump = (verb) to put different things all together considering them like one thing

[make-up , she chuckles. Its less threatening for men to lump women together and deal withthem as one, rather than pointing out the differences.]

[&equo; But no, this aint Alvin Stardust, and anyone who tries to lump me with these people getsthe wrath of Harley straight on their head.]

(7) lump + IT = to accept a situation even though you dont like it

[NEXT day. Theyve been told: take the lower interest rate --; orlump it. But there is another way.Write and complain to: Dan Monaghan]

(8) TAKE YOUR lumps = to accept a bad situation and go over it (American English)

[and he's probably the best quarterback in the NFL. So guys take theirlumps early in the careers,but it all prepares you for the future. You]

Metaphorical use: present in meaning (3) and (5)

[as if a fist had punched her very hard in the stomach. She felt a lump in herthroat. "I don't know,Mr Lawler, I really]


7/22

7

[is done, she comes over to Robin furiously. " Stop being such a lump! You've got to get up andmove around and do more. Do]

Evaluative use. A negative evaluation is specific to different senses:

meaning (3) [ Im different now. Of course you are. A lump swelled in his throat, making itdifficult to talk. Why am I]

meaning (5) [is done, she comes over to Robin furiously. Stop being such a lump! Youve got toget up and move around and do more. Do]


meaning (1) lump + OF + N ; association with nouns of materials, or something solid; ex: meat,coal, clay, sugar.

[out at sea on a lilo narrowly escaped the shark which, tempted by a lump of goat meat on a steelhook, was hauled in the next day.][out. " // Julianne's color deepened, and she quickly added anothersugarlump to her tea. " As I'veabsolutely nothing to which I can compare]

meaning (2) association with BREAST / CANCEROUS

[they re just like any other children, just as naughty. I discovered the lump in my breast when Jowas a baby. I had my first operation when]

meaning (3) BIG/FAT + lump

[while she were digging garden and she were pregnant. Hes a big fat lump ! Typical her like. Oh! Isaw him looking at her, you]

meaning (4) LUMP + SUM

[you start paying money just into a building society and then lump sum this and lump sum that theytend to sort of then oh you know, what is actually going]

meaning (5) Lump + in/into + N > lump + IN + THROAT

[explain the odd pictures that formed in her mind. It was then that the lump in her throat wouldbreak and spill the tears from her eyes and cause her]

meaning (6) lump + N + together/with

[you know, a car is a car is a car. So you lump them all together, but we know as consumers, that,the Skoda is][&equo; But no, this aint Alvin Stardust, and anyone who tries to lump me with these people getsthe wrath of Harley straight on their head.]

meaning (7) lump + IT / like it or lump it

[? Can what? I said if nobody like the way I talk they can lump it and you said, Aye they can. Mm.Aye. Aye aye][n't like it in that fancy school. " " He can likeit orlumpit, " she said pleasantly. " When you'redishing out twenty thousand]

meaning (8) TAKE + lumps

[He attacked a political enemy and he kept his jobs and never had to takelumps for it] (onlyAmEnglish)

FEEL + lump

It can have:metaphorical use (meaning 5)


8/22

8

[pulling me round Bristol like a dog on a lead. I could feel a lump in my throat like solid sick. It'llchoke me. Vern's choking]

literal use (meaning 1 & 2)[I broke. Fell over a pipe. Feel that knot. You feel that lump? Not supposed to be there. " # I felt it. Itwas]

[rewrite and the new assignment in that same stained envelope. I feel a little lump in thepackage. That night, as I take out his work, a]

It is possible to notice from the analyses how associations are distributed according to the differentsenses oflump.

Fixed expressions and idioms

Like it or lump it (British English) - to accept a situation even though you dont like it;

Take your lumps (American English) - to accept a bad situation and overcome it;

Have/feel a lump in your throat to feel sad and the feeling that you want to cry;

Lump sum anamount of money given in a single payment;

Big fat lump referred to someone who is considered or is acting like a stupid or clumsy;

PLUSH

It is used in both varieties.It refers, in its core meaning as adjective, to a place or something else that is luxurious.

[ been taken in. So sorry, Inspector. Even the hallway was plush , thought Montgomery as he took

his leave ten minutes later. He accepted Toby]In another sense it denotes a specific type of fabric or material that is particularly soft.

[full of great leather-bound books; solid brown furniture; shabby plush chairs; shabbierplushcurtains hanging at high sash windows, and several very new watercolours of sailing vessels]

It is usually used in its literal sense.

Evaluative use

positive evaluation:

[uncomfortable , standing on the doorstep straightening his tie. The Smith residence was a plush,elderly house set amongst trees and shrubs off the road; the lights were]

negative evaluation (when the luxury is too exaggerate):

[warmth to the salle, effects that reviewers found marvellous. Everywhere the decor was plush, somethought a bit to excess. Though impressed overall, the critic for]

Both evaluative uses are usually referred to the core meaning of the word. However a positiveevaluation can be found also in its second meaning:

[the grass to the flickering tape. Ungainly grace --; souffle-ed plimsolls, the camembert plush ofchildrens' vests, the purity of ironed shorts For a moment,]

Lexical and grammatical associationsAssociation with words according to the sense of the word:

CURTAIN, SOFA, CHAIR, SEAT, CARPET (plush = fabric, material)


9/22

9

[The room was lit by strips of neon, which cast no shadows. Red plush curtains swung to the floorfrom a large, boxlike construction at the far end][eyes. // Derrick returned to her side, kneeling on the living room's plushcarpet and pulling hertrembling body into his arms. " I'm so sorry]

RESTAURANT, HOTEL, ROOM (plush = luxurious)

[, 21 others have been arrested for taking part in hijacking. Lodging at the plushhotel has beenexpensive for the British government, more than $30,000 U.S. a day][and ten minutes away. The next showed a glamorous couple sipping champagne in a plushrestaurant, and said: So is Paris with Air France. RAC TOLL booths]

Grammatical association, on the contrary, are not distributed according to the different meanings

IN/INTO + art + PLUSH + N

[sure if he intended to come to her. He might be downstairs in the plush lounge, or in his own roomtalking to Lee. Nothing would persuade her][suggests a middle-aged Martha Graham on her day off. As she sinks into a plush armchair withher back to the sun, she surveys her visitor with an owlish]

There are no idioms or fixed expressions that characterise plush.

BREAKTHROUGH

It is used in both varieties. In British we can find it in newspapers, while in American is morecommon and it can be found in all registers.In its core meaning it denotes an important event or discovery that can change the situation or solvea problem.

[is rather laborious, however, and its beginnings were not simple. The next breakthrough occurredthat same year with the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology]

It is polysemous because it can also denote a penetration in a territory by the enemys offensive(less used):

[and Peregrine said it made him feel almost cowardly to have survived the German breakthrough,the evacuation of the beaches and now this latest blow on the very day ]


With regard to the evaluative use of the word, it can have a positive evaluation specific to its coremeaning:

[In spite of that --; and any skirmishes between the 10 th and 14th --; a long-awaited breakthrough is

guaranteed. On a personal level, the New Moon on the 24 th and][refused to be critical. To have a direct link is an enormous breakthrough, absolutely enormous.This is really a great day for British Rail and the]

and a negative evaluation specific to the second meaning of the word, when it denotes an offensive,a penetration in a territory by attack.

[and Peregrine said it made him feel almost cowardly to have survived the German breakthrough,the evacuation of the beaches and now this latest blow on the very day ]

Lexical and grammatical associations:

with qualifying adjectives that underline the positive evaluative use of the word:

IMPORTANT / MAJOR / CRUCIAL


10/22

10

[ home in Althorp, Northants. Fish oil cancer cure hope Rob Perkins A crucialbreakthrough in theuse of fish oil to treat cancer brought fresh hope to millions of]

with nouns that belong to a specific semantic field.

Ex: TECHNOLOGY/ RESEARCH/ SCIENCE/ TREATMENT

[Lasers has launched its new VisiVector E particle image velocimetry systems, which exploit abreakthrough in lasertechnology applied to PIV. With speeds of 12 to 5000 frames per][is disappearing. There's very, very little left. (END VIDEO CLIP) Rosenberg's breakthroughtreatment is to remove the patient's immune system and replace it with cells that]

with verbs that underline the idea of a long process in order to achieve the breakthrough.

Ex: MAKE / ACHIEVE/ REACH

[Here's the kicker. With the 450, the programmers have made a breakthrough. The robots are nowable to adapt to your needs in ways they never][can say is that we're all frustrated and we all want to achieve the breakthrough that we've been

working at very hard, for many months. I very]breakthrough + IN + N

[commingling of unrelated flavours remind me of another dish, or had it produced a breakthroughin gastronomy? A quick flip through my cookery books turned up some Italian and]

[The FBI said white supremacists might be behind the attacks. --; AP. Breakthrough in Aids curehunt. By Martin Walker in Washington THE first serious prospect of]

BE + breakthrough + FOR + N

[ language film to be nominated for the prestigious Royal Television Society award was a significantbreakthrough for the burgeoning industry. To have won the best single play award was a]

SEE/DESCRIBE/PERCEIVE + adj + breakthrough[whites . The ascension of Sidney Poitier in the'60s was perceived as a major breakthrough but itwas not until the "blaxploitation" films of the'70s (such as][HORN OF AFRICA Opening of port of Massawa In what was seen as a crucialbreakthrough forefforts to avert massive famine in the Horn of Africa [ see p. 37845]

Breakthrough + COME WITH + N

[to break out," acknowledged an aide at the end. Labour thought the breakthrough would comewiththe party election broadcast on Jennifer's Ear, followed by Mr][Korean-Soviet trade is expected to reach $1 billion this year. # The next big breakthrough maycomewith Gorbachev's visit to Tokyo next spring. He would be the]

Breakthrough + AGAINST + N

[, a personal cook; And Dr. Howard Torman on what could be a medical breakthroughagainstherpes.]

breakthrough + IN THE + N + AGAINST + N

[when Arnold continues. And later -- the fat buster. A dazzling, new breakthrough in the fightagainst fat. Stay with us. # (Commercial Break)][given no hope right from the beginning. (END VIDEO CLIP) Researchers call it a majorbreakthroughin the waragainst cancer: new smart drugs that battle the disease in a]

Usually the associations appear with the 1 st meaning of the word. Moreover, there are neither

idioms nor fixed expressions.


11/22

11

BLUES

It is used in both varieties.Its core meaning denotes a music genre.It is polysemous.Meaning (1) blues = music genre; connected with this meaning is rhytm and blues (another kind of

music)[182 million, a tenth more than 1990. Blues at Boosey THEY are playing the blues down at Boosey& Hawkes, the international music publishers and instrument makers, because][meets on his travels. "The purpose is to introduce people to rhythm andblues," says the musicalcrusader who appears at Middlesbrough Arena on June 4.]

Meaning (2) blues = sadness, depression

[at their West Bromwich home. Roadworks for smiles A JOKE a day keeps the blues away in trafficjams. Thats the motto of car salesmen who have put][and will definitely go again. There was always a way to beat bad weatherblues and enjoy ourselves.We chose to travel a minimum distance and stayed at Shorefield]

Meaning (3) blues = plural ofblue (colour)

[that the flowerbeds at the front were awash with colour; yellows, reds, blues, whites. Climbers hadwoven their way into the timber railings. He stepped]

In its meaning (2) blues seems to be used metaphorically.

Evaluative use ofblues

negative evaluation specific to meaning (2)

[ --; depression --; is used to describe both the common human experience of Monday morningblues and also a clinically diagnosable illness. Too often, friends and colleagues react to]

Lexical and grammatical associationsThey are distributed according to the different senses ofbluesMeaning (1)RHYTM + and + blues (kind of music)

[in the Crown last night because apparently they, they normally have some rhythm andblues andsoul and things like that on a Thursday. And erm the youngsters were]

COUNTRY + blues (kind of music)[guitar at the age of ten, Ry first discovered bluegrass and then the countryblues players: the Rev.Gary Davis (who gave Ry lessons), Lightnin' Hopkins]

Nouns which belong to the semantic field of music:Ex: BAND / JAZZ / MUSIC etc.

[t's a valve-driven box with four separate switchable channels --; jazz, funk, blues and rock --; andon top of that you have the usual gain and master volume controls]["Well, I've just done a week at Battersea Arts Centre with this bluesband called The Dolphins,who I play with quite regularly now. What I]

Meaning (2)

BABY + blues (postpartum depression)

[mean your health visitor visits your baby, and then you've got the baby blues, and we we are tryingto do something to get them to help and]

MONDAY MORNING + blues


12/22

12

[a race driver, professional race driver. I accomplished that. No Monday morning blues for me.(voice-over) Mario Andretti may never race at the track here at Indianapolis]

Meaning (3)

Nouns belonging to the semantic field of coloursEx. GREEN / GREY/ PURPLE

[Only on the pitch. Well my my problem only is is when the blues run into greens and the reds runinto browns. Oh when you get bleeds]

Monday morning blues and baby blues can be considered fixed expressions.

HUSKY

It is used in both varieties.Polysemous word.Meaning (A)[adj] it denotes a low and rough voice, which is usually considered attractive;

[Dmitri. It was so close to her head she could hear Bella Kropotkin s husky, languid voice. Yes,Ive just had your letter,]

Meaning (B) [noun] a particular dog breed, common in North America (Canada and Alaska) andusually used to pull sledges over the snow.

[who plan to operate the hotel all year round. Husky rally: The third husky dog rally to be held inKielder Forest, Northumberland, begins on Saturday.]

Metaphorical use.In American English it can refer to a strong person

[wine . He would not want a nose like that. And Paddy looked a husky, strong guy. He had bigrough hairy hands. Then he must]

However, literal use is more common.

Evaluative use:When it is used as adjective it usually has a positive evaluation:

[ Dmitri. It was so close to her head she could hear Bella Kropotkins husky, languid voice. Yes,Ive just had your letter,]

Depending on the context the evaluation can be negative[heard quite distinctly. There was only the hint of a similar tension in his husky tones as he laid hishands on the ledge of the pulpit. I]

Grammatical and lexical associations

Meaning (A)HUSKY + WITH + N

[God knew how she managed to drag out the conventional words in a voice already husky with pain."Look, I didn't mean I'm sorry ][abuse that faith. "My dearest girl," he said, his voice husky with longing, "we've got to stop this.We've just got]

IN + husky + N

["I want to thank you, Mr Roirbak," Zambia began in a husky voice, which Roirbak waved aside."Shush! I have become fond of]

It is often associated with VOICE (which appears in most of the concordance lines) and with otherrelated nouns (Ex. WHISPER / LAUGH) and adjectives (LOW / DEEP)


13/22

13

[ "Greetings, brother Tuck," the small man said. His voice was husky and low. "Simon the Trapper,"Friar Tuck said with exasperation][&equo; He saw the flicker of doubt in her eyes, and added with a husky laugh, "I'm not saying Idon't want you. I'm][for this." "You will be soon," he promised in a husky whisper. Then anything else she might havesaid was lost as his mouth closed]

Meaning (B)It often appears with the adjective SIBERIAN

[Minding master Luke Waiting hand, foot and finger on a large and active SiberianHusky with asecret appetite isn't everyone's idea of fun as Monica O'Hara]

No fixed expressions nor idioms

YEARN

Even though it is used in both varieties, it is more common in American English. In both varietiesthe use ofyearn is not common in spoken language.It has only one meaning: when you yearn, you strongly desire something that is difficult to get

[music and in cruel perfectionism she did not find it. So she began to yearn to organize a family, thearena of love. # After marrying David she]

There is not a metaphorical use.

Evaluative useIts core meaning has a negative evaluation because when you yearn for something you feel a feelingof sadness and melancholy

[it less, but I think that concept of the extended family is something I yearn for. I feel angry that

thats missing. Well I want to move]


There are not specific lexical associations, but it is usually accompanied with nouns that underlinethe difficulty of getting the thing desired.

[now denied opportunity shall come to enjoy it to the full; that all who yearn forfreedom mayexperience its spiritual blessings; that those who have freedom will understand][much for being with us. # In some parts of Europe, some people yearn for a return to monarchy. InSpain, they have a king and he][miss prom, " news story, May 4. # Now, if you yearn for a simplertime when school districts andparents didn't confuse their roles,]

YEARN + FOR + N

[The nuzzling continued as his lips found her own, teasing and provoking her to yearn for moredepth in the caress, until suddenly he took possession of her mouth]

YEARN + TO + verb + N

[better than another? GHI takes a close look and selects the best Ifyou yearn to watch the late-night movie in bed, or cant bear missing your favourite]

There are not either idioms or fixed expressions.


14/22

14

SPRAWLIt is used in both varieties but it is more common in American English. It is polysemous.

Meaning (1) noun = a large area of buildings or something else that are spread out in an untidy andunattractive way

[the outdoor location. The desire of individuals to get away from the urban sprawl, to get into themore rural and remote areas, were seeing more][her . She followed, more cautious now, making her way through the thicksprawl of greenerytowards the house. A verandah ran the length of the front of]

Meaning (2) [verb]

(a) to lie or sit down in a lazy or careless way

[floor he was able to walk through to the back, climb the stairs, sprawl into a big armchair and lookat his collection of pictures, news cuttings,]

[of a rosewood chair like a china doll, or maybe a dwarf. I sprawl on the couch as I digest lunch. #My body shifts, admitting discomfort]

(b) It refers to the spreading of something in a disordered way, usually of buildings over a wide area

[split again. That division has gotten a little fuzzy since the cities began to sprawl. The REA,however, has resolutely ignored any changes in demographics: It]

Metaphorical use

It has a metaphorical use but the literal is more common, for both noun and verb senses.

[quick search of its files, and then finds its best analogue among the stored sprawl of memories andknowledge. Based on that analogy, you ascribe meaning to the][Fashion Fair; and an insurance company. It was not Johnson s intention to sprawl in the spotlight,but to put black Americans there front and center. In]

Evaluation usesIt has a negative evaluation specific to senses (1) and (2b)

[spaces: We are losing some of the best cropland in the world to urban sprawl, highways, shoppingmalls, etc. The US has done a poor job]


Meaning (1) and (2b): associations with nouns that refer to these particular senses.

Ex. BUILDING / CITY / GROWTH / URBAN

[ malls, etc. The US has done a poor job of planning; urbansprawl is as bad in this country as

almost anywhere in the world. Grade:]

[side, a mock Tudor pub at every roundabout, fragmented countryside surviving amidst the sprawlofbuildings. She had been offered a job called copy chief at one]

meaning (2a): associations with nouns referring to the context of this sense.

Ex. CHAIR / SOFA

[know . Round about four oclock in the afternoon he would sometimes forget Morris and sprawlback in his chair with his hands behind his head, yawning and looking at]

sprawl + ACROSS + N (meaning 2b)

[n't your ordinary cotton farmer in this farming area southwest of Lubbock where green fieldssprawl across a landscape of red earth. # He is an organic grower, a]

sprawl + OUT (phrasal verb = when you sit with your arms and legs spread out in a relaxed way)


15/22

15

[inviting, the company installed plush furniture, particularly the kind that allows people to sprawlout. # Bill Tagg (ph) is Apples senior building design manager]

sprawl + OF + N (meaning 1)

[ , a jerry-built Mexican metropolis where shantytowns with open sewers are nestled amid an uglysprawlofindustrial plants that produce a mix of goods from toys to car bumpers.]

There is a different distribution of associations according to the different meaning of the word.

There are not fixed expressions or idioms that characterise sprawl.

FRUMPYIt is used in both varieties.It is not polysemous and it refers to a person who is unattractive or wears old-fashioned clothes.

[off. Yes, from Helen I imagined you'd be a bit wrecked orfrumpy, you know, dirty overcoat,greasy hair. " # " Bottle of]

[siren, and the women froze as it got louder, one woman wearing a frumpy dress hanging beneath afrumpy coat caught in mid-brush stroke as though posing for an]


Evaluative use: It has a negative connotation specific to its sense, often underlined by the adjectivethat go with it.

[heat from the open oven door. She looked gross to Sally -- fat and frumpy, frankly middle-aged.Yet Duncan p247 looked as if he would like to eat]


It is usually associated with words that belong to a specific context:CLOTHES, HAIR, FASHION.

[top of our show, if you missed it, three wives turned in theirfrumpy fashion husbands and put themin the hands of Carson, the " Queer Eye][to Simon in the back seat. Marie thought of her own mother with herfrumpy clothes and ageing,lined face: no one would have guessed that she was only]

It often appears in connection with other adjectives which have a negative connotation:BIG / FAT / MOUSY + frumpy

[two sliding glass doors. A lone CHECKOUT LADY behind the counter, big andfrumpy, looks upfrom counting money. CHECK OUT LADY You girls gon na have]

There are no idioms or fixed expressions that characterized frumpy.

TRAWL It is used in both American and British English even if in BrE is less used. In American English isused in academic context.It is polysemous.(1) verb (a) trawl = to search through a lot of documents, lists, places in order to find out information,something or someone.

[Search &; Transfer ASA for $1.2 billion Tuesday, adding software products that help companiestrawl for information on the Internet. The offer was 42 percent premium to the Norwegian]


16/22

16

(b) trawl = to fish by pulling a special wide net behind a boat[million per year (Williams, 1997). About 890 vessels are licensed to trawl on the Queensland eastcoast, most of which are owner/operators or small family companies]

(2) noun(a) trawl = a search through documents or information

[was not as it appeared to be. A night's sleep and this blanktrawl of the news columns hadconsiderably undermined Harry's confidence in what he was doing]

(b) trawl = (trawl net) a wide net that is pulled behind the boat along the bottom of the sea to catchfish.

[ . // Cons: The most expensive of the lot. Shrimp boats still use trawl nets, which rip up the oceanfloor and are bad for the ecosystem. //]

Usually it is used literally. However it can also be used metaphorically:[soft . It was like a net of sound falling over my mind ready to trawl the truth. "And what is "feelinglike this" like?"]

trawl does not have evaluative uses in none of its senses.Lexical and grammatical associations

It is associated with nouns that are specific to its different senses.Meaning (1b) and meaning (2b)Association with FISHERY, NET, COAST, SURVEY nouns of fish.

[from the catch (Carrick, 1997). # The Queensland east coasttrawlfishery and the northern prawnfishery (Fig. 1) were the first Australian prawn-trawl][on the survey cruise, observed inconsistencies with the design and operation of the surveytrawl. Itwas brought to our attention that the doors were sometimes falling over onto]

IN + trawl + N[During the early phases of the decline, incidental catch of sea lions intrawl fisheries and legalshooting were important sources of mortality (Ferez and Loughlin, 1991][65,000 chinook salmon, a species dwindling in the Pacific Northwest, were snared intrawl netsfrom Jan. 1 to April 7, NMFS reports. # Mr. Cotter says]

Meaning (1a) and (2a)

trawl + THROUGH + N (Search through something in order to find something)[funds which are available within the department, it would be, if we merely trawl througheverything, we might find anyway we might have some fund, fund spending]

trawl + FOR + N (search of something)[ listening . Officers worked with the yachting, boating and fishing communities in a constant trawl

for information. Customs units throughout the north were involved all weekend in a patrol]

trawl + OF + N[had made specifically feminist work since then) and systems and constructivist work. My trawl ofinvisibility in the Art Index has confirmed that until women became identified with feminism]

The analysis shows how lexical and grammatical associations are distributed according to thedifferent senses of the word.There are neither idioms nor fixed expressions.


17/22

17

COAX It is used in both varieties. It is polysemous:(1) coax = to persuade someone gently to do something that usually they do not want to. (Alsophrasal verb = coax sb into doing sth)

[ step, Everardo, 14, was as star-struck as ever. Blanco had tocoax him to talk. // " Go ahead, don't

be shy, "][keep me and a bed partner alive for 14 hours. As if I could coax anyone into joining me inside thisturkey-roasting bag. Last week, while dining with]

(2) coax = to obtain something from something or somebody. It usually appears as phrasal verb (tocoax sth out of sth/sb).

[a successful damage limitation exercise if you try. You may even be able to coax a victory out ofthe situation. That's Gearoid for you. But if you]

It is used literally in both its senses.Evaluative use: It usually has a negative connotation in its first meaning.

[massage at a discount rate, for he is bald in any case! They coax the director of the NGO to beginthe session with a song, and she]


Coax + N + FROM[the ill-feeling that had split the Corosini apart. She would work on Lucenzo and coax an addressfrom him. Blissfully happy, she walked with Lucenzo through the crowded]

TRY / MANAGE + to coax[day when Chase saw a skunk run under their bed, and Zip managed to coax it into his hands and

carry it out of the house without getting sprayed.][their pea-shooters in the morning: in the evening beer all round and trying to coax them up an alley.Quite dizzy with the glamour of it all. Philip]

coax + N + INTO (DOING) + N

[accomplished by offering honey instead of lemon. I'm well aware I need to coax herintosubmission. I have no desire to have her claw at me again][Start by coming clean with your own financial family history, advises Sherman. Then coax herintodoing the same. With your wife " Here's your play dough]

COAX + N + OUT OF + N

[afraid he might decide to abandon our struggling enterprise altogether. His uncanny ability to coax

information out ofthe most stubborn computers and databases made him highly employable, and][some 40 hours on the phone with the girl before she was finally able to coax a confession out ofher. ! 1:23271@: : (Audiotape)]

The associations are usually distributed according to the different sense of the word, even thoughsome constructions are used in both cases.

There are not fixed expressions or idioms that include coax


18/22

18

SWERVEUsed in both varieties. It is polysemous and it can mean:Verb:(1) swerve = to change direction in a sudden way, usually to avoid hitting something.

[che chevrons, do not overtake when you do so would force another vehicle to swerve or slow down,

if in doubt do not overtake so where'd you not]

(2) swerve from = to change from an original idea or belief.

[and taxes, how much can -- can Senator Dole and Senator Dole's ticket swervefrom the Republicanconservative orthodoxy without relinquishing the base? Well, the mainstream]

(3) Noun: swerve = the act of swerving (for both meanings)

Metaphorical use

It has a metaphorical use but the literal is more common .

[the tall comely women of his tribe. A strong sense of taboo made him swerve away from thedirection his thoughts were taking. Just as quickly came the deep bitter]

Evaluative useSeveral adjectives can convey a negative connotation to the word, but usually it is not characterisedby an evaluative use.

[felt the flutter of fear, the residual fear of a near-miss, a dangerous swerve on the highway, astumble while hiking a knife-edge. It was lousy,][, Texas. Suddenly the Ford Explorer in which they were riding took a nasty swerve. " The tire juststarted separating, and my friend lost control, "]


Meaning 1 and 3

Associations with:AVOID / HAVE / CAR / ROAD

[proper pads, the driver could hit his brakes one day and the car would swerve violently to the sidewhere the real pad has been fitted," he said][ from a distance its blue lights flashing. The Fiat's driver was forced to swerve to avoid an on-coming car. As he did so he lost control of the][out in front of me as I was leaving the car park, and I had to swerve in order to avoid it. I'm sorrythat in the process I hit your][ 3: Hollis clings to her seat, as Josie speeds through town. Theyswerve down a narrow roadalongside the ocean. Josie: I just love the ocean][blanket wrapped around the wheel and the car swerved violently. The driver caught the swerve in

time and steadied the car, and it rolled to a stop half on]swerve + INTO + N

[ thrive curbside on a curve, blocking the view of drivers until they have to swerveinto an oncomingvehicle to avoid missing a woman and toddler and infant in a]

Meanings 1 and 2swerve + AROUND + N

[go near it. # Anton stood up to his calves and felt the waterswerve in circles around his feet.Something soft, a leaf maybe, drifted between][a lot riding on those definitions, especially for automakers, who use them to swervearound whatare supposed to be federal regulations on fuel efficiency and pollution. In]

Meaning 2Swerve + FROM[law itself, a uniform repetition of a masculinist economy of identity. The productions swervefromtheir original purposes and inadvertently mobilize possibilities of " subjects " that do not]


19/22

19

Usually the associations are distributed according to the different meanings, even though someassociations are shared by all meanings.No idioms or fixed expressions.

WHOLESOME It is used in both varieties, even if it in British English it is used particularly in miscellaneous andfiction, while in American English it can be found in particular in magazines.It is a polysemous word and it can mean:(1) something that is good and healthy for your body:

[women eating food perhaps for the first time in days or weeks, buying good wholesome food at areasonable price, that was the sigh that thrilled them and you]

(2) something that can have a good moral effect.[it sounds a lot like ecstatic love. It sounds like clean, wholesome fun. It also sounds like money.TWO YEARS AGO, WE WERE in]


Evaluative useA positive evaluation is specific to both meanings.

Lexical and grammatical associationsAccording to its different senses we can find different associations.

Usually, according to its first meaning, wholesome is associated with nouns and adjectives such as:FOOD, SAFE, HEALTHY, GOOD, And FRESH:[ I'm Meredith Vieira. We grow up trusting that the food we buy is wholesome and safe: the food inour refrigerator, the food in our supermarkets,][ - is characteristic of his cooking style. He cooks from scratch using fresh, wholesome ingredientsprepared simply to bring out their best flavors. # Duncan came by his][Good health. On Atkins, you meet your nutritional needs by eating healthywholesomefoods andomitting junk food. Moreover, the physical consequences of a dysfunctional blood]

According to its second meaning, we can find associations with: ENVIRONMENT, IMAGE,CLEAN, GOOD:

[a school that is supposed to be empowered to provide a wholesome education and a wholesome

environment for those kids. I think it's outrageous for them to allow this][ ; separately, family bought Children's Place apparel retailer 1989. Ads strive forwholesome familyimage but some still have sultry models. With family, owns some 69%][ the innocence of youth. I like to paint a world that isclean, wholesome, and good. It's moreimportant for me to say that in my]

Both meanings:

WITH + wholesome + N[, and if we think them not enlightened enough to exercise that control with a wholesome discretion,the remedy is not to take it from them, but to inform][and minimize urges to binge. 4. Get real. Fuel your body withwholesome, nutritious foods, andlimit your intake of refined carbs (anything sugary or]

N + OF + wholesome + N[not only makes a pigsty of his bedroom and even, despite the prevalence ofwholesomeadvertisements, of his own person, but also engages in noise pollution, another]


20/22

20

[not think of it. We do our best to feed her a diet ofwholesome food. For hygienic reasons we keepthree blindfolds on hand and methodically wash and]

There are neither idioms nor fixed expressions that include wholesome.

BROODY

It is rarely used in both varieties. It is common in the fiction corpus.It is polysemous adjective and it can denote:(1) a woman who strongly desires to have a baby

[&equo; She pulled a face. "I suddenly realised what it is to feel broody." She broke off as Jim cametowards them. "I wondered where][ the need to reproduce, then it makes sense that women are programmed to be broody and men to

satisfy that broodiness. Men, under these circumstances, would have]

(2) a bird that wants to lay eggs[. " She doesn't, " Grandma said. " When a hen gets broody, it doesn't matter what's under her.Sometimes there's nothing there]

(3) a person who is silent because he or she is thinking or is worried about something.[ champagne or brandy. She tried to clear them from her mind, but was broody over breakfast.Jessica picked up on it, but did not tease. Sometimes]

Metaphorical useThe word can be used metaphorically, but the literal meaning is more common.

[fire in January. Outside, the air was moist and raw, with a broody sky overhead. A woman couldget used to a winter hour by the fire]

However, we can consider the first meaning a metaphorical use of the second.

Evaluative use: the word has a negative evaluation specific to its third meaning.[ the climate. Pauline, whose father manages a fish store, is dark and broody; she has leg scars fromthe ravages of osteomyelitis. Juliet sees their wounds]


Associations with meaning (1) and (2): HEN, EGGS.[exactly three weeks prior to Easter Sunday he would put a dozen fertilised eggs under a broodyhenin a portable house and run below the kitchen window, where she was]

LIKE + broody + HEN[ glad you didn't add "settled"; happy and settled,like a broody hen. I'm perfectly happy, mum; andnot everybody needs to be]

FEEL + broody (for all meanings)(1) [babies , wanting to hold and touch them. "I've started to feel broody," they may be heard to say.Sometimes the internal conflict of wanting/not](3) [to say that evening, for he'd been basically just parked there feeling real broody and mean andreconsidering seriously his promise not to pound the crap out of his]

Idioms and fixed expressions

TO FEEL broody

LIKE A broody HEN


21/22

21

LUSTROUSIt is used in both varieties, particularly common to the fiction context.It is not polysemous. It refers to something that is shiny, luminous and brilliant.

[among many Cissies on a high shelf in Spicer's Toy Store. She had lustrous black saran hair andforward-reaching tan vinyl arms, and wore a blue-and-green taffeta dress]

Metaphorical useIt can have a metaphorical use, in particular when it is associated to abstract nouns or to things thatusually can not shine.

[, anyone?), Fleming serves as an object of adoration. " Herlustrous voice is truly one of themiracles of the ages, " insisted Lloyd Dykk]

Evaluative use: it has a positive evaluation specific of its core meaning.


It is usually associated with nouns like: HAIR, EYE; adjectives like: DARK, BLACK, and THICK.[own homburg, palming it by the crown. His Indian hair stands thickand lustrous, threaded latelywith silver. Gray hair makes Berko look wiser and kinder,][strips a veiled serving woman was laying out bowls covered by clear plastic. Two lustrousdarkeyes rested on me for a moment, then turned away. Her veil]

WITH + (adj) + lustrous + N[ takes pride in their enduring popularity: Slipper Shell Earrings that drip with tiny, lustrous pearls;articulated niobium Pine Cone Earrings with glowing gray-green patina; the shimmery Olive][gray. It's like a gelatin silver print in tone and form, withlustrous gleam and various textures - skin,velvet, satin. She looks over her]

There are not idioms or fixed expressions that include lustrous.

DOODAHIt appears in only 5 concordance lines in American English, and in 6 concordance lines in BritishEnglish.In British English it is used to refer to an object when you do not remember its name.

[you did, you used to have one on your thing, on your erdoodah yeah on your armpit look at thatWhat's that supposed to be? what]

In British English it does not have metaphorical nor evaluative uses.In spoken conversation it can be associated with voiced pauses such as er

[you did, you used to have one on your thing, on yourerdoodah yeah on your armpit look at thatWhat's that supposed to be? what]

In American English it is usually associated with MAN /SON but in this case it does not have thesame meaning as in British English.

[# But someone else is getting on and I say, Diz, you doodahman. Hand me that glass slipper. # # #By MARIANNE WIGGINS #]

In American English doodah man ordoodah son seem to be a fixed expression.


22/22

QUIDIt is used in both varieties, even though it is more common in British English. It denotes in informalEnglish one pound.

[ booking , not per passenger, per booking So they're gonna pay ten quid for booking? Yeah Wellaright I'm k I've just had long had]

[ workers. # " But if you said,' Could you lend me 50quid?' he'd reach into his pocket and give it toyou, "]

It is polysemous because in American English it appears in a fixed expression derived from LatinQUID PRO QUO that refers to something that you give or do in exchange for something else

[hasn't -- hasn't said they're demanding it, or it's a quid pro quo. I think they're going to give themoney anyway, but]

It is used literally.Usually it does not have an evaluative use.

Lexical and grammatical associationsIt is often associated with numbers (first meaning) and verbs like COST, PAY, and SPEND

[them with cheques. Cash sales only. I thought I just spent twentysevenquid on petrol I said Andyou can't even have a bloody free Dinky car][ , two eighty. That's it. Because people take Payfifty and thirtyquid a week more is a bloodywhat they get stopped off them. and people][ telly And swear your outside right is Georgie Best If you can spend 12 million quid a season Andstill not win the League or FA Cup If you can find][ ? Go on, do something quick! No. I'llpay you fifteen quid . You only get twenty back Go on thenfifteen. if you sell it]

quid + a + MONTH /WEEK / DAY[ house of that character. That's right but twenty five quid is a hundred quid a month, in n it?Precisely! Well it's it's say]

ODD + quid[e no, with a C D I think it's seven hundred and odd quid in it? du n no, I'm just trying to find outwhat]

FOR + number + quid[Yeah You know telly Yeah they ain't got a Nicam telly for four hundred quid Yeah they had to getdearest Nicam telly Mm six hundred and fifty, six]

COUPLE + OF + quid

[ twice Twice Well we won't bother then. Yeah I put a coupleof quid in and I got four poundssomething cos er went and bought some fags out of]

(Second meaning) QUID PRO QUO + FOR + N[ . It is fairly clear that President Vladimir Putin decided to go along as a quid pro quofor EuropeanUnion (EU) support of Russia's application to accede]

The analysis shows that associations are distributed according to the different senses of the word.In the second meaning the word appears in a fixed expression (quid pro quo)

exploring on-line corpora of american and british english an analysis

Documents